典型城市森林旱季土壤团聚体稳定性与微生物胞外酶活性耦合关系

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 1976-1989.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.005

典型城市森林旱季土壤团聚体稳定性与微生物胞外酶活性耦合关系

杨洪炳¹^,²(), 肖以华²^,^*(), 李明², 许涵², 史欣², 郭晓敏¹

1.江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌 330045
2.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州 510520

收稿日期:2021-08-04 出版日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2021-12-21
通讯作者: * 肖以华（1976年生）,男,副研究员,主要从事城市化对森林土壤质量与碳中和潜力研究。E-mail: jxxiaoyihua@126.com
作者简介:杨洪炳（1995年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为植被恢复与生态工程。E-mail: yhb1314@vip.qq.com
基金资助:
中国林科院基本科研业务专项(CAFYBB2018ZB001-7);广东林业生态定位监测网络平台建设项目(2020-KYXM-09);城乡梯度森林土壤微生物结构对重金属污染与植被耦合效应的响应机制(2021A1515010614);广州市林业与园林局“广州市城市森林生态系统效益监测、分析与研究”项目(穗财编[2019]105号)

Coupling Relationship between Soil Aggregate Stability and Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activities in Typical Urban Forests during the Dry Season

YANG Hongbing¹^,²(), XIAO Yihua²^,^*(), LI Ming², XU Han², SHI Xin², GUO Xiaomin¹

1. College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
2. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China

Received:2021-08-04 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究典型城市森林土壤团聚体稳定性旱季变化特征及影响因子,以广州市不同演替阶段的针叶林（Pine forest,PF）、针阔混交林（Mixed pine and broadleaf forest,MF）、常绿阔叶林（Broad-leaved evergreen forests,BF）为研究对象,分析表层土（0—10 cm）和剖面土（10—30 cm）团聚体稳定性、理化性质和微生物生物量及胞外酶活性等相关因子特征,以及土壤团聚体稳定性驱动因素与影响因素的耦合关系。结果表明,（1）土壤团聚体机械稳定性的平均重量直径（D_MW）随土壤深度增加呈减小趋势,相反,几何平均直径（D_GM）和重量分形维数（D_m）随土壤深度增加呈增大趋势。土壤团聚体水稳性的D_MW和D_GM呈MF>BF>PF,而D_m变化与之相反。（2）土壤微生物酶活性易受磷限制,其受限制程度呈MF>BF>PF,与土壤团聚体水稳性在森林类型中变化规律一致。（3）土壤理化性质、微生物生物量、酶活性等因子对土壤团聚体机械稳定性整体空间差异解释程度为13.3%,而对土壤团聚体水稳性整体空间差异解释程度为40.0%。（4）土壤微生物熵和微生物胞外酶活性是土壤团聚体稳定性的主要驱动因子,水稳性主要受微生物生物量碳和酸性磷酸酶活性影响,而其机械稳定性主要受微生物生物量氮磷影响。（5）演替后期的针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林土壤表现出较高的碳利用效率及较低的氮利用效率,微生物可通过调控微生物生物量和调节碳氮元素利用效率来改善演替后期群落受磷限制状况,进而影响土壤团聚体稳定性。研究结果可为城市森林土壤质量评价和生态环境保护提供理论依据。

关键词: 城市森林土壤, 团聚体稳定性, 胞外酶活性, 结构方程模型, 元素利用效率

Abstract:

Pine forest (PF), mixed pine and broadleaf forest (MF), broad-leaved evergreen forests (BF), along successional stages of forest, were selected to explore the change of soil aggregates stability in typical urban forests in dry season. The distribution of soil aggregates, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity at topsoil (0-10 cm) and profile soil (10-30 cm) were analyzed. Furthermore, the coupling relationships between soil enzyme activities and soil aggregates were also linked. The results showed that: (1) the mean weight diameter (D_MW) of soil agglomerate mechanical stability decreased with increasing soil depth. However, the geometric mean diameter (D_GM) and weight fractal dimension (D_m) increased with soil depth. The D_MW and D_GM of soil agglomerates of water stability showed in MF>BF>PF, while D_m varied oppositely. (2) Soil microbial enzyme activity was sensitive to phosphorus limitation, and the rule of limitation in successional forests was MF>BF>PF, which was according to the regular pattern of soil aggregate water stability. (3) Soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, enzyme activity explained the 13.3% of overall spatial variation of soil agglomerate mechanical stability, while the overall spatial variation of soil agglomerate water stability was 40.0%. (4) Soil microbial entropy and extracellular enzyme activity were the main driving factors to soil agglomerate stability. Water stability was mainly affected by microbial biomass carbon and acid phosphatase activity, while its mechanical stability was mainly affected by microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus. (5) The soil of MF and BF, had higher carbon use efficiency and lower nitrogen use efficiency. Microorganisms can improve the phosphorus limitation in MF and BF by regulating microbial biomass and carbon and nitrogen use efficiency, and then affect the stabilities of soil aggregate. These findings have important scientific significances for urban forest soil management and urban environmental protection.

Key words: urban forest soil, agglomerate stability, extracellular enzyme activity, structural equation modelling, elemental use efficiency

中图分类号:

杨洪炳, 肖以华, 李明, 许涵, 史欣, 郭晓敏. 典型城市森林旱季土壤团聚体稳定性与微生物胞外酶活性耦合关系[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(10): 1976-1989.

YANG Hongbing, XIAO Yihua, LI Ming, XU Han, SHI Xin, GUO Xiaomin. Coupling Relationship between Soil Aggregate Stability and Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activities in Typical Urban Forests during the Dry Season[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(10): 1976-1989.

图/表 11

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森林类型 Forest type	地点 Sites	平均海拔 Mean altitude/m	经度 Longitude/ 纬度 Latitude	优势树种 Advantageous tree species	平均胸径Average breast size/cm	平均林龄Average forest age/a
PF	FRZ	54	113°13′E/23°30′N	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	20.6	25
MF	HLS	36.3	113°22′E/23°11′N	木荷 Schima superba、黧蒴锥 Castanopsis fissa、山油柑 Acronychia pedunculata、马尾松 Pinus massoniana	30.2	40
BF	MFS	152.3	113°26′E/23°17′N	华润楠 Machilus chinensis、黄杞 Engelhardia roxburghiana、中华锥 Castanopsis chinensis、山油柑 Acronychia pedunculata、鸭脚木 Schefflera octophylla、木荷 Schima superba	31.3	80

森林类型 Forest type	地点 Sites	平均海拔 Mean altitude/m	经度 Longitude/ 纬度 Latitude	优势树种 Advantageous tree species	平均胸径Average breast size/cm	平均林龄Average forest age/a
PF	FRZ	54	113°13′E/23°30′N	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	20.6	25
MF	HLS	36.3	113°22′E/23°11′N	木荷 Schima superba、黧蒴锥 Castanopsis fissa、山油柑 Acronychia pedunculata、马尾松 Pinus massoniana	30.2	40
BF	MFS	152.3	113°26′E/23°17′N	华润楠 Machilus chinensis、黄杞 Engelhardia roxburghiana、中华锥 Castanopsis chinensis、山油柑 Acronychia pedunculata、鸭脚木 Schefflera octophylla、木荷 Schima superba	31.3	80

因子 Parameters	土层 Layer/cm	森林类型 Forest type
因子 Parameters	土层 Layer/cm	PF	MF	BF
w_(OC)/ (g∙kg^-1)	0-10	25.90±8.92bA	20.11±4.24bA	43.07±10.71aA
w_(OC)/ (g∙kg^-1)	10-30	7.12±1.48cB	10.66±2.39bB	19.87±3.60aB
w_(TN)/ (g∙kg^-1)	0-10	1.24±0.48bA	1.11±0.22bA	2.09±0.33aA
w_(TN)/ (g∙kg^-1)	10-30	0.49±0.11bB	0.97±0.86abA	1.11±0.24aB
w_(TP)/ (g∙kg^-1)	0-10	0.13±0.02bA	0.16±0.03aA	0.18±0.03aA
w_(TP)/ (g∙kg^-1)	10-30	0.08±0.02bB	0.16±0.03aA	0.15±0.02aB
w_(OC)/ w_(TN)	0-10	21.21±2.44aA	18.20±2.22bA	20.39±2.76abA
w_(OC)/ w_(TN)	10-30	14.69±1.70aB	14.71±5.63aA	18.07±1.63aB
w_(OC)/ w_(TP)	0-10	203.45±42.01aA	125.11±28.04bA	234.33±47.03aA
w_(OC)/ w_(TP)	10-30	87.64±14.67bB	67.62±13.04cB	136.67±25.33aB
w_(TN)/ w_(TP)	0-10	9.72±2.39aA	6.90±1.48bA	11.47±1.48aA
w_(TN)/ w_(TP)	10-30	6.00±1.10abB	6.04±4.98bA	7.59±1.50aB
容重 Soil bulk density/ (g∙cm^-3)	0-10	1.57±0.10aA	1.44±0.09bA	1.31±0.14cA
容重 Soil bulk density/ (g∙cm^-3)	10-30	1.62±0.06aA	1.55±0.09abB	1.47±0.11bB
含水率 Water content/%	0-10	11.93±2.14bA	10.11±1.78bA	17.60±3.30aA
含水率 Water content/%	10-30	12.32±2.20bA	10.12±1.23cA	16.96±2.62aA
pH (H₂O)	0-10	4.01±0.06bA	4.23±0.17aA	4.31±0.11aA
pH (H₂O)	10-30	4.25±0.06bB	4.44±0.19aB	4..45±0.14aB

因子 Parameters	土层 Layer/cm	森林类型 Forest type
因子 Parameters	土层 Layer/cm	PF	MF	BF
w_(OC)/ (g∙kg^-1)	0-10	25.90±8.92bA	20.11±4.24bA	43.07±10.71aA
w_(OC)/ (g∙kg^-1)	10-30	7.12±1.48cB	10.66±2.39bB	19.87±3.60aB
w_(TN)/ (g∙kg^-1)	0-10	1.24±0.48bA	1.11±0.22bA	2.09±0.33aA
w_(TN)/ (g∙kg^-1)	10-30	0.49±0.11bB	0.97±0.86abA	1.11±0.24aB
w_(TP)/ (g∙kg^-1)	0-10	0.13±0.02bA	0.16±0.03aA	0.18±0.03aA
w_(TP)/ (g∙kg^-1)	10-30	0.08±0.02bB	0.16±0.03aA	0.15±0.02aB
w_(OC)/ w_(TN)	0-10	21.21±2.44aA	18.20±2.22bA	20.39±2.76abA
w_(OC)/ w_(TN)	10-30	14.69±1.70aB	14.71±5.63aA	18.07±1.63aB
w_(OC)/ w_(TP)	0-10	203.45±42.01aA	125.11±28.04bA	234.33±47.03aA
w_(OC)/ w_(TP)	10-30	87.64±14.67bB	67.62±13.04cB	136.67±25.33aB
w_(TN)/ w_(TP)	0-10	9.72±2.39aA	6.90±1.48bA	11.47±1.48aA
w_(TN)/ w_(TP)	10-30	6.00±1.10abB	6.04±4.98bA	7.59±1.50aB
容重 Soil bulk density/ (g∙cm^-3)	0-10	1.57±0.10aA	1.44±0.09bA	1.31±0.14cA
容重 Soil bulk density/ (g∙cm^-3)	10-30	1.62±0.06aA	1.55±0.09abB	1.47±0.11bB
含水率 Water content/%	0-10	11.93±2.14bA	10.11±1.78bA	17.60±3.30aA
含水率 Water content/%	10-30	12.32±2.20bA	10.12±1.23cA	16.96±2.62aA
pH (H₂O)	0-10	4.01±0.06bA	4.23±0.17aA	4.31±0.11aA
pH (H₂O)	10-30	4.25±0.06bB	4.44±0.19aB	4..45±0.14aB

酶活性 Enzyme activity	a_AP1	a_AP2	a_BG1	a_BG2	a_CHI1	a_CHI2	a_CAT1
a_AP2	0.855**	1
a_BG1	0.579**	0.463*	1
a_BG2	0.311	0.193	0.877**	1
a_CHI1	0.479*	0.3	0.256	0.204	1
a_CHI2	-0.138	-0.268	-0.163	-0.124	0.079	1
a_CAT1	0.327	0.37	-0.013	-0.085	0.293	0.01	1
a_CAT2	-0.027	-0.037	0.175	0.237	0.259	-0.126	0.244

典型城市森林旱季土壤团聚体稳定性与微生物胞外酶活性耦合关系

Coupling Relationship between Soil Aggregate Stability and Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activities in Typical Urban Forests during the Dry Season

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因子 Parameters	森林类型 Forest type
	PF		MF		BF
	0-10 cm	10-30 cm	0-10 cm	10-30 cm	0-10 cm	10-30 cm
微生物生物量碳C_MB	24.95±9.36aA	22.59±6.53aA	3.22±2.84bA	3.59±3.91bA	6.41±5.50bA	12.05±7.20abA
微生物生物量氮N_MB	3.45±4.70aA	1.08±0.61aA	2.27±1.25aA	1.77±0.83abA	2.76±1.71aA	3.17±1.68bA
微生物生物量磷P_MB	3.38±1.94aA	1.13±0.97aB	6.03±1.88aA	2.81±1.95aB	4.11±1.68aA	1.18±0.99aB
微生物量碳氮比C_MB/N_MB	16.52±14.13aA	85.10±195.83aB	2.22±2.58bA	1.43±0.90bA	2.36±1.46bA	3.78±1.06abB
微生物量碳磷比C_MB/P_MB	13.71±20.17aA	75.27±106.88aB	0.57±0.54bA	3.04±4.39bA	2.27±3.41abA	40.54±81.11aB
微生物量氮磷比N_MB/P_MB	3.12±7.74aA	2.93±5.23aA	0.44±0.33aA	1.14±1.63aA	0.94±1.10aA	9.52±16.32aB
微生物熵碳q_MBC	1.06±0.54aA	15.39±1.44aB	0.15±0.10bA	11.63±0.56bA	0.16±0.13bA	8.59±0.30abB
微生物熵氮q_MBN	0.54±3.27aA	1.44±1.42aA	0.10±1.27aA	0.56±2.25aA	0.13±0.78aA	0.30±1.33aB
微生物熵磷q_MBP	3.27±15.39aA	1.42±12.72aA	1.27±11.63aA	2.25±11.51aB	0.78±8.59aA	1.33±6.40aB
C_imc/N_imc	2.34±2.19aA	0.68±0.27aB	26.95±34.29bA	38.09±80.04bA	30.79±58.94bA	5.26±2.02abB
C_imc/P_imc	32.14±23.36aA	4.26±3.85aB	430.18±351.23aA	256.67± 411.62bA	700.56±1441.87aA	17.09±16.31abB
N_imc/P_imc	21.84±15.19aA	8.02±6.54aB	29.04±27.30aA	16.27±16.28aA	23.95±17.7aA	3.54±3.82aB

土层 Layer/cm	指标Indexes	SOC	TN	TP	C_MB	N_MB	P_MB	a_BG	a_CHI	a_AP	a_CAT
0-10	D_MW	-0.17	-0.18	-0.29	0.07	-0.15	-0.10	0.07	-0.23	0.26	0.03
	D_GM	-0.10	-0.14	-0.30	0.09	-0.19	-0.12	0.08	-0.22	0.31	0.08
	D_m	0.04	0.13	0.30	-0.04	0.24	0.05	-0.06	0.14	-0.28	-0.21
10-30	D_MW	0.30	-0.12	0.03	-0.16	-0.09	-0.47*	0.04	-0.15	0.37	0.00
	D_GM	0.23	-0.14	0.08	-0.25	-0.16	-0.45*	-0.06	-0.19	0.35	-0.06
	D_m	0.15	0.25	-0.08	0.32	0.33	0.30	0.37	0.21	-0.18	0.09
土层 Layer/cm		指标 Indexes	SOC	TN	TP	C_MB	N_MB	P_MB	a_BG	a_CHI	a_AP	a_CAT
0-10		D_MW	-0.23	-0.18	0.01	-0.34	-0.16	0.23	-0.24	-0.14	0.07	-0.19
		D_GM	-0.13	-0.08	0.09	-0.39*	-0.16	0.17	-0.28	-0.08	0.08	-0.17
		D_m	-0.03	-0.05	-0.17	0.38	0.12	-0.07	0.28	-0.05	-0.07	0.04
10-30		D_MW	-0.07	0.06	0.48*	-0.58**	-0.27	0.22	-0.37	0.12	-0.12	-0.26
		D_GM	0.10	0.15	0.57**	-0.66**	-0.19	0.23	-0.41	0.12	-0.15	-0.32
		D_m	-0.27	-0.22	-0.55**	0.64**	0.11	-0.18	0.33	-0.05	0.12	0.32

土层 Layer/cm	特征 Characteristics	回归模型 Regression models	调整R² Adjustment R²
0-10	机械稳定性 Mechanical stability	D_MW=4.513-0.019 q_MBP-0.123 N_MB-0.184 P_MB-0.115 q_MBC	0.734
		D_GM=1.616-0.008 q_MBP-0.033 N_MB-0.030 q_MBN-0.022 P_MB	0.696
		D_m=2.269+0.005 q_MBP+0.013 N_MB	0.235
	水稳性 Water Stability	D_MW= -0.010+0.766 T_C/N-0.121 q_MBC	0.651
		D_GM=0.180+0.696 T_C/P-0.038 q_MBC	0.618
		D_m=1.169+0.579 T_N/P+0.028 q_MBC	0.608
10-30	机械稳定性 Mechanical stability	D_MW=3.704-0.028 q_MBP-0.244 N_MB+0.003 T_C/N	0.682
		D_GM=1.510-0.010 q_MBP-0.050 N_MB	0.656
		D_m=2.200+0.005 q_MBP+0.045 N_MB	0.526
	水稳性 Water Stability	D_MW=7.086-0.027 C_MB-1.296 pH	0.513
		D_GM=2.086-0.010 C_MB-0.313 pH+0.035 a_AP	0.604
		D_m=2.778+0.006 C_MB-0.032 a_AP	0.493

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元素阈值 Element threshold	森林类型 Forest type
	PF		MF		BF
	0-10 cm	10-30 cm	0-10 cm	10-30 cm	0-10 cm	10-30 cm
T_C꞉N	35.72±28.33bA	24.20±8.25bA	234.59±153.04aA	0.01±0.00bB	36.79±23.02bA	148.61±51.16aB
T_C꞉P	6.43±2.37aA	41.24±23.72aB	0.02±0.03bcA	0.15±0.19bB	1.75±0.73acA	9.77±7.61aB
T_N꞉P	1.45±1.12aA	0.03±0.05bB	0.18±0.12bA	0.20±0.29abA	2.44±1.17aA	4.57±4.12aA

元素阈值 Element threshold	森林类型 Forest type
	PF		MF		BF
	0-10 cm	10-30 cm	0-10 cm	10-30 cm	0-10 cm	10-30 cm
T_C꞉N	35.72±28.33bA	24.20±8.25bA	234.59±153.04aA	0.01±0.00bB	36.79±23.02bA	148.61±51.16aB
T_C꞉P	6.43±2.37aA	41.24±23.72aB	0.02±0.03bcA	0.15±0.19bB	1.75±0.73acA	9.77±7.61aB
T_N꞉P	1.45±1.12aA	0.03±0.05bB	0.18±0.12bA	0.20±0.29abA	2.44±1.17aA	4.57±4.12aA