引黄灌区不同种稻年限苏打盐碱土碳组分垂直分布特征及其驱动因素

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.08.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1176-1186.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.08.002

引黄灌区不同种稻年限苏打盐碱土碳组分垂直分布特征及其驱动因素

齐儒春¹(), 王静²^,³^,^*(), 马林熠¹, 马飞²^,³, 刘吉利²^,³

¹ 宁夏大学农学院，宁夏银川 750021
² 宁夏大学生态环境学院，宁夏银川 750021
³ 西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，宁夏银川 750021

收稿日期:2025-12-08 修回日期:2026-04-10 接受日期:2026-07-29 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2026-08-17
通讯作者: * E-mail: wangjing@nxu.edu.cn
作者简介:齐儒春（2001年生），女（满族），硕士研究生，主要研究方向为农业资源与环境。E-mail: 2670045821@qq.com
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区自然基金项目(2025AAC030180);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900603-04)

Vertical Distribution of Carbon Components in Soda-Saline-Alkaline Soils under Different Rice Cultivation Durations in Yellow River Irrigation Districts and Their Driving Factors

Qi Ruchun¹(), Wang Jing²^,³^,^*(), Ma Linyi¹, Ma Fei²^,³, Liu Jili²^,³

¹ School of Agriculture Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
² School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
³ Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in northwestern China, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China

Received:2025-12-08 Revised:2026-04-10 Accepted:2026-07-29 Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-08-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】旨在探明苏打盐碱土壤在不同种稻年限的影响下土壤有机碳组分含量及其在不同土层的分布规律，揭示其改良效果和内在机理。【方法】以引黄灌区苏打盐碱土为研究对象，通过采集不同种稻年限（1、2、5、8、20年）的土壤样品，分析土壤有机碳、无机碳和总碳含量随着土层深度及种稻年限的变化。【结果】随着种稻年限的增加，土壤有机碳含量在各土层中均有不同程度积累，且在表层（0－20 cm）含量较高，提升了土壤有机质含量；种稻20年时，0－20、20－40、40－60 cm土层土壤无机碳含量在各对应土层中均最高，分别为1.26、1.32、1.79 g·kg⁻¹；土壤总碳含量随长期种植显著增加，且深层（40－60 cm）土壤的总碳含量在种植中期达到峰值后趋于稳定。Pearson相关性分析发现土壤有机碳和土壤总碳存在显著正相关（p<0.05），与土壤无机碳存在负相关。通过冗余分析和Mantel检验得出，土壤速效钾、EC和pH是驱动碳组分变化的关键环境因子，土层深度是影响土壤有机碳和土壤无机碳的关键因子，二者受环境因子影响程度更强（r>0.5）。【结论】长期种植水稻能显著促进苏打盐碱土有机碳库的固存，且这种固碳效应具有明显的表层聚集性和土层差异性，为评估盐碱地稻田生态系统的土壤肥力提供了科学依据。

关键词: 盐碱土, 种稻年限, 土壤有机碳, 土壤无机碳

Abstract:

[Objective] Rice cultivation is an effective biological approach for ameliorating soda-saline-alkaline soils. Investigating how the duration of rice cultivation affects soil organic carbon content and its vertical distribution is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying soil amelioration and improving the theoretical basis for saline-alkali soil management. [Methods] This study investigated soda-saline-alkaline soils in a Yellow River irrigation district. Soil samples were collected from fields cultivated with rice for 1, 2, 5, 8, and 20 years. Changes in soil organic carbon, soil inorganic carbon, and total carbon contents were analyzed across different soil depths and cultivation durations. [Results] Soil organic carbon accumulated to varying degrees in all soil layers as the duration of rice cultivation increased, with higher concentrations in the topsoil (0-20 cm), thereby increasing the overall soil organic content. After 20 years of rice cultivation, soil inorganic carbon content reached 1.26 g·kg⁻¹ in the 0-20 cm layer, 1.32 g·kg⁻¹ in the 20-40 cm layer, and 1.79 g·kg⁻¹ in the 40-60 cm layer. Total soil carbon content increased significantly after long-term cultivation, whereas the total carbon content in the deep soil layer (40-60 cm) became relatively stable after peaking during the intermediate cultivation period. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between soil organic carbon and total soil carbon (p<0.05), whereas soil organic carbon was negatively correlated with soil inorganic carbon. Redundancy analysis and Mantel tests indicated that available potassium, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were the primary environmental factors driving variation in soil carbon components. Soil depth was the key factor influencing both soil organic carbon and soil inorganic carbon, and both components were strongly associated with environmental factors (r>0.5). [Conclusion] Long-term rice cultivation significantly enhances organic carbon sequestration in soda-saline-alkaline soils. This sequestration effect exhibits distinct surface accumulation and vertical differentiation, providing a scientific basis for evaluating soil fertility in saline-alkali paddy ecosystems.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, rice cultivation duration, soil organic carbon, soil inorganic carbon

中图分类号:

S156

齐儒春, 王静, 马林熠, 马飞, 刘吉利. 引黄灌区不同种稻年限苏打盐碱土碳组分垂直分布特征及其驱动因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(8): 1176-1186.

Qi Ruchun, Wang Jing, Ma Linyi, Ma Fei, Liu Jili. Vertical Distribution of Carbon Components in Soda-Saline-Alkaline Soils under Different Rice Cultivation Durations in Yellow River Irrigation Districts and Their Driving Factors[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(8): 1176-1186.

图/表 11

参考文献 39

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种植年限/a	纬度（N）	经度（E）	海拔/m
1	38°50′24.18″	106°20′29.36″	1090
2	38°50′12.83″	106°20′28.86″	1090
5	38°50′10.46″	106°20′28.70″	1090
8	38°50′19.35″	106°20′30.36″	1090
20	38°50′18.25″	106°20′28.65″	1090

种植年限/a	纬度（N）	经度（E）	海拔/m
1	38°50′24.18″	106°20′29.36″	1090
2	38°50′12.83″	106°20′28.86″	1090
5	38°50′10.46″	106°20′28.70″	1090
8	38°50′19.35″	106°20′30.36″	1090
20	38°50′18.25″	106°20′28.65″	1090

种植年限/ a	pH	电导率/ (dS·m⁻¹)	有机质质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	速效钾质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	速效磷质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	碱解氮质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	容重/ (g·cm⁻³)
1	8.62±0.03	1.26±0.02	4.03±0.18	163.52±6.30	5.33±0.98	19.02±1.39	1.42±0.03
2	8.77±0.15	0.55±0.08	4.85±0.03	156.78±3.65	2.25±0.42	15.97±1.68	1.57±0.01
5	8.02±0.06	0.49±0.01	5.23±0.08	169.35±8.50	3.29±0.23	17.23±0.65	1.56±0.03
8	8.72±0.03	0.23±0.07	7.26±0.12	173.21±4.39	4.19±0.25	22.35±3.26	1.52±0.02
20	7.11±0.13	0.09±0.03	7.66±0.06	198.36±6.52	2.64±0.39	28.92±1.25	1.59±0.01

种植年限/ a	pH	电导率/ (dS·m⁻¹)	有机质质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	速效钾质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	速效磷质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	碱解氮质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	容重/ (g·cm⁻³)
1	8.62±0.03	1.26±0.02	4.03±0.18	163.52±6.30	5.33±0.98	19.02±1.39	1.42±0.03
2	8.77±0.15	0.55±0.08	4.85±0.03	156.78±3.65	2.25±0.42	15.97±1.68	1.57±0.01
5	8.02±0.06	0.49±0.01	5.23±0.08	169.35±8.50	3.29±0.23	17.23±0.65	1.56±0.03
8	8.72±0.03	0.23±0.07	7.26±0.12	173.21±4.39	4.19±0.25	22.35±3.26	1.52±0.02
20	7.11±0.13	0.09±0.03	7.66±0.06	198.36±6.52	2.64±0.39	28.92±1.25	1.59±0.01

年限/ a	土层深度/ cm	pH	电导率/ (dS·m⁻¹)	水分质量分数/ %	有机质质量分数/(g·kg⁻¹)	全氮质量分数/(g·kg⁻¹)	全磷质量分数/(g·kg⁻¹)	碱解氮质量分数/(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效磷质量分数/(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效钾质量分数/(mg·kg⁻¹)
1	0－20	7.97±0.07d	1.22±0.11a	14.91±0.18de	4.56±0.06ef	0.43±0.01f	0.55±0.01c	19.67±0.46e	6.08±1.12a	152.96±6.27cd
	20－40	8.11±0.03cd	1.11±0.09b	15.1±0.58de	4.51±0.03fg	0.44±0.02ef	0.56±0.02c	19.20±1.23e	5.30±0.46ab	136.69±3.14e
	40－60	8.17±0.08cd	1.03±0.12b	15.27±0.12d	4.44±0.01g	0.44±0.02ef	0.55±0.03c	18.75±0.73e	4.58±0.73bc	121.42±2.56f
2	0－20	8.33±0.24bc	0.61±0.02c	23.41±0.25a	4.62±0.05e	0.47±0.01de	0.57±0.02bc	16.77±3.47ef	2.37±0.27fg	134.82±3.47e
	20－40	8.59±0.1ab	0.49±0.04de	23.50±0.08a	4.63±0.08e	0.48±0.01d	0.57±0.01bc	15.08±1.7fgh	2.11±0.21fg	112.62±5.69g
	40－60	8.83±0.11a	0.39±0.04e	23.65±0.38a	4.62±0.03e	0.47±0.03de	0.58±0.02bc	13.37±1.32gh	1.83±0.06g	94.42±1.18h
5	0－20	7.92±0.21d	0.50±0.01d	14.00±0.21f	5.15±0.02d	0.55±0.04c	0.57±0.01bc	19.01±1.45e	3.80±0.75cd	179.05±1.16ab
	20－40	8.00±0.18d	0.47±0.07de	14.60±0.25e	5.16±0.03d	0.54±0.02c	0.57±0.03bc	15.54±1.17fg	3.07±0.26def	175.84±1.62b
	40－60	8.09±0.09cd	0.46±0.09de	15.16±0.54de	5.15±0.04d	0.56±0.03c	0.57±0.03bc	12.09±1.61h	2.34±0.31fg	171.63±3.33b
8	0－20	8.59±0.25ab	0.23±0.02f	14.60±0.17e	7.89±0.05a	0.68±0.00b	0.65±0.04a	25.93±1.03cd	4.49±0.94bc	158.74±1.92c
	20－40	8.68±0.06a	0.21±0.02f	17.07±0.13c	7.82±0.08ab	0.67±0.01b	0.66±0.02a	24.78±1.62d	3.38±0.47de	150.34±5.84d
	40－60	8.79±0.13a	0.20±0.02f	19.57±0.21b	7.77±0.06bc	0.68±0.02b	0.65±0.01a	23.61±1.16d	2.25±0.26fg	141.90±7.06e
20	0－20	6.77±0.17e	0.09±0.01g	2.57±0.34i	7.89±0.02a	0.78±0.03a	0.59±0.01bc	31.38±3.33a	2.78±0.11efg	186.40±8.31a
	20－40	6.87±0.05e	0.07±0.02g	3.38±0.53h	7.80±0.03b	0.79±0.01a	0.61±0.02b	30.76±0.58ab	1.84±0.23g	179.34±6.48ab
	40－60	6.99±0.20e	0.06±0.01g	4.17±0.20g	7.72±0.00c	0.77±0.02a	0.59±0.03bc	28.14±2.32bc	0.92±0.10h	171.28±4.25b

引黄灌区不同种稻年限苏打盐碱土碳组分垂直分布特征及其驱动因素

Vertical Distribution of Carbon Components in Soda-Saline-Alkaline Soils under Different Rice Cultivation Durations in Yellow River Irrigation Districts and Their Driving Factors

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因子	F值
因子	土壤有机碳	土壤无机碳	土壤总碳
种植年限	704.73*	100.87*	157.52*
土层深度	11958.45*	126.00*	255.32*
种植年限×土层深度	391.08*	32.92*	53.10*

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