南方滨海农业县国土空间生态修复规划策略——以广东省徐闻县为例

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.07.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1019-1026.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.07.003

南方滨海农业县国土空间生态修复规划策略——以广东省徐闻县为例

方吉(), 吴啸^*(), 宫清华, 韦泽棉, 王颖佳

广东省科学院广州地理研究所，广东广州 510070

收稿日期:2024-03-23 出版日期:2024-07-18 发布日期:2024-09-04
通讯作者: *吴啸。E-mail: 1017670784@qq.com
作者简介:方吉（1993年生），男，注册城乡规划师，主要研究方向为国土空间规划与国土资源利用。E-mail: 377418130@qq.com
基金资助:
徐闻县国土空间生态修复规划(2023－2035年);徐闻县国土空间总体规划(2020－2035年)

Planning Strategy of Ecological Restoration of Land Space in Southern Coastal Agricultural Counties: Taking Xuwen County as an Example

FANG Ji(), WU Xiao^*(), GONG Qinghua, WEI Zemian, WANG Yingjia

Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, P. R. China

Received:2024-03-23 Online:2024-07-18 Published:2024-09-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

县级国土空间生态修复规划是对一定时期特定县域生态修复工作的统筹谋划和总体设计，是宏观生态格局与微观项目实施相结合的研究单元，兼顾战略性和实施性，目前尚缺少相关分析和讨论，亟需探讨其策略和框架；另一方面，中国幅员辽阔，各地自然本底与面临的生态环境问题各异，探讨不同地理环境下县域国土空间生态保护修复的规划策略，为中国县级国土空间生态修复规划编制提供依据和借鉴，具有理论和实践意义。在探讨县级国土空间生态修复规划使命的基础上，选取南方滨海农业县——广东省徐闻县，基于第三次国土调查数据，借助GIS空间分析技术，选用指标评价方法识别生态源地，并叠加自然保护地划定成果，运用最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道；结合实地调研，分析县域国土空间特征和面临的生态问题，提出南方滨海农业地区县级生态修复规划策略。结果表明，1）徐闻县海陆交互，生态资源丰富，农业土地利用率高；存在海岸带粗放利用、化肥农药过量使用导致面源污染、水土流失和海岸生态系统退化等问题。2）该县生态安全格局的总体框架为“一核一带、两区多廊多节点”。3）生态源地和生态廊道是生态系统中具有关键作用的组成部分，应采取措施增强其生态功能。4）目前该县国土空间生态修复的重要方向应是加大农业科技投入，减少农业污染，特别是农药过度使用导致的土壤污染及其引起的库区和沿海水体污染。5）为了加强滨海地区生态修复规划陆海统筹工作，应进一步加强陆海系统间的相互作用与调控机理研究。该研究可为县级国土空间生态修复规划编制提供借鉴与参考。

关键词: 国土空间, 生态源地, 生态安全格局, 生态修复, 规划策略, 徐闻县

Abstract:

County-level land space ecological restoration planning is the overall planning and design of ecological restoration given a specific county and certain duration. It is a research unit combining the macroecological pattern and implementation of a micro project. On the other hand, China has a vast territory with different natural backgrounds and ecological environmental issues in different places, so it is of theoretical and practical significance to explore the planning strategies of county-level land space ecological protection and restoration in different geographical environments to provide a basis and reference for the preparation of county-level land space ecological restoration planning in China. Based on the data from the third land survey, with the implementation of GIS spatial analysis technology, the index evaluation method was selected to identify the ecological sources, the results of the demarcation of nature reserves were superimposed, and the minimum cumulative resistance model was applied to identify the ecological corridors. Combined with field research, this study analyzed the spatial characteristics and ecological problems encountered by the county and proposed county-level ecological restoration planning strategies for the coastal agricultural areas of southern China. The results revealed the following. 1) With the interaction between sea and land, there are abundant ecological resources in Xuwen County, and the utilization rate of agricultural land is high. However, there are problems, such as the extensive use of coastal zones, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, non-point source pollution, soil erosion, and degradation of coastal ecosystems. 2) The overall framework of the ecological security pattern of Xuwen County is “one core, one belt, two districts, multiple corridors, and multiple nodes”. 3) Ecological sources and corridors are key components of ecosystems and effective measures should be taken to enhance ecological functions. 4) Increasing investment in agricultural science and technology and reducing agricultural pollution, especially soil pollution due to the excessive use of pesticides, and the pollution of reservoir areas and coastal water bodies are important elements of ecological land and space restoration in Xuwen County. 5) Research on the interaction and regulation mechanisms between land and sea systems should be further strengthened to provide guidance for the overall planning of land-sea ecological restoration in coastal areas. This study provides a reference for the preparation of county-level land and spatial ecological restoration plans.

Key words: territorial space, ecological source, ecological security pattern, ecological restoration, planning strategies, Xuwen County

中图分类号:

方吉, 吴啸, 宫清华, 韦泽棉, 王颖佳. 南方滨海农业县国土空间生态修复规划策略——以广东省徐闻县为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(7): 1019-1026.

FANG Ji, WU Xiao, GONG Qinghua, WEI Zemian, WANG Yingjia. Planning Strategy of Ecological Restoration of Land Space in Southern Coastal Agricultural Counties: Taking Xuwen County as an Example[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(7): 1019-1026.

图/表 6

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规划级别	国家级和省级	市级	县级
规划定位	战略性	协调性	兼顾战略性和实施性
主要内容	明晰全国和省级生态修复格局, 确立全国和省级尺度上的重点修复问题与修复分区, 制定修复工程考核机制	落实国家和省级的修复格局, 分解省级下达的修复任务, 明确市级生态修复的目标, 布局市级生态修复任务和重点工程	落实国家、省级和市级修复格局, 分解上级下达的修复任务。统筹县域经济发展和生态保护, 确定生态修复项目库、项目范围边界和修复任务

规划级别	国家级和省级	市级	县级
规划定位	战略性	协调性	兼顾战略性和实施性
主要内容	明晰全国和省级生态修复格局, 确立全国和省级尺度上的重点修复问题与修复分区, 制定修复工程考核机制	落实国家和省级的修复格局, 分解省级下达的修复任务, 明确市级生态修复的目标, 布局市级生态修复任务和重点工程	落实国家、省级和市级修复格局, 分解上级下达的修复任务。统筹县域经济发展和生态保护, 确定生态修复项目库、项目范围边界和修复任务

自然保护地名称	保护物种/主要生态功能	总面积/ hm²
广东九龙山红树林国家湿地自然公园	红树林	20.31
广东徐闻珊瑚礁国家级自然保护区	珊瑚礁	14384.02
广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区	红树林	2938.68
湛江雷州海草地方级自然保护区	海草床	2043.77
湛江徐闻板桥地方级湿地自然公园	水土保持	49.04
湛江徐闻北莉地方级湿地自然公园	重要滩涂及浅海水域	10.22
湛江徐闻大水桥地方级湿地自然公园	水土保持	1352.27
湛江徐闻灯楼角地方级湿地自然公园	重要滩涂及浅海水域	37.53
湛江徐闻海滨地方级湿地自然公园	水土保持	16.83
湛江徐闻排尾角地方级海洋自然公园	重要滩涂及浅海水域	558.69
湛江徐闻前山地方级海洋自然公园	重要滩涂及浅海水域	12047.55
湛江徐闻外罗湾鲎地方级自然保护区	鲎类 (珍稀濒危物种分布区)	496.64

自然保护地名称	保护物种/主要生态功能	总面积/ hm²
广东九龙山红树林国家湿地自然公园	红树林	20.31
广东徐闻珊瑚礁国家级自然保护区	珊瑚礁	14384.02
广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区	红树林	2938.68
湛江雷州海草地方级自然保护区	海草床	2043.77
湛江徐闻板桥地方级湿地自然公园	水土保持	49.04
湛江徐闻北莉地方级湿地自然公园	重要滩涂及浅海水域	10.22
湛江徐闻大水桥地方级湿地自然公园	水土保持	1352.27
湛江徐闻灯楼角地方级湿地自然公园	重要滩涂及浅海水域	37.53
湛江徐闻海滨地方级湿地自然公园	水土保持	16.83
湛江徐闻排尾角地方级海洋自然公园	重要滩涂及浅海水域	558.69
湛江徐闻前山地方级海洋自然公园	重要滩涂及浅海水域	12047.55
湛江徐闻外罗湾鲎地方级自然保护区	鲎类 (珍稀濒危物种分布区)	496.64

南方滨海农业县国土空间生态修复规划策略——以广东省徐闻县为例

Planning Strategy of Ecological Restoration of Land Space in Southern Coastal Agricultural Counties: Taking Xuwen County as an Example

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