国土空间规划体系下生态空间规划思想内核与技术框架初探

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.023

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1094-1102.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.023

国土空间规划体系下生态空间规划思想内核与技术框架初探

陈志端¹(), 陈鸿²^,^*(), 郭晶鹏², 吴若昊²

1.北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院,北京 100044
2.中国生态城市研究院有限公司技术创新中心,北京 100048

收稿日期:2020-10-15 出版日期:2021-05-18 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: * 陈鸿（1981年生）,副研究员,国家注册规划师,博士,主要研究方向为生态空间规划、智慧生态城市研究、绿色人居环境设计。E-mail:1166168@qq.com
作者简介:陈志端（1983年生）,讲师,国家注册规划师,博士,主要研究方向为韧性城市理论与规划方法、生态城镇政策与规划设计。E-mail:zhiduanchen@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51808024)

The Core and Technical Framework of Ecological Space Planning under the National Territory Spatial Planning System

CHEN Zhiduan¹(), CHEN Hong²^,^*(), GUO Jingpeng², WU Ruohao²

1. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
2. Institute for Technology Innovation, China Eco-city Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100048, China

Received:2020-10-15 Online:2021-05-18 Published:2021-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国生态安全区域的土地面积约占陆地国土面积的58.81%,生态空间规划是中国国土空间规划体系下重要的专项规划之一。为了合理保护和开发中国生态功能区,促进生态地区的生态服务与经济发展相平衡,实现区域协调发展,在快速推动生态文明建设的新形势下研究区域尺度生态规划编制技术具有非常重要的意义。传统城市规划存在对生态资源定量分析不足,空间特征识别以定性判断为主、对生态环境不重视等问题,一定程度上造成了城市发展不协调、生态环境污染严重。文章首先总结空间性规划体系的演进,分析其体系下生态空间规划的定位、任务和功能等;其次,以“两山”理论（生态山、经济山）为导向,分别相应构建了中国生态空间规划的生态综合格局（生态安全评价、生态服务功能价值测算）、产业绿色发展正负清单的核心框架;最后探讨了该技术路径在不同尺度空间上的一般特征和规律。同时,该框架在山东省级生态功能区潍坊南部山区生态空间规划中得以应用,对促进潍坊南部山区的生态保护和绿色发展提供了切实可行的方案与建议。

关键词: 国土空间规划体系, 生态空间规划, 生态双评价, 生态保护, 绿色发展, 技术框架

Abstract:

The land area of China's ecological security area accounts for about 58.81% of the total land area. Ecological spatial planning is one of the important special plans under China's land spatial planning system. To reasonably protect and develop China's ecological functional areas, promote the balance between ecological services and economic development in ecological areas, and realize regional coordinated development, it is of great significance to study the compilation technology of regional-scale ecological planning under the new situation of rapidly promoting the construction of ecological civilization. There are some problems in traditional urban planning, such as the lack of quantitative analysis of ecological resources, the qualitative identification of spatial characteristics, and the neglect of the ecological environment. To a certain extent, these problems lead to the disharmony of urban development and the serious pollution of the ecological environment. This study first summarizes the evolution of spatial planning system and analyzes the positioning, tasks, and functions of ecological space planning under the system. Secondly, guided by the theory of two mountains (ecological mountain and economic mountain), it constructs the ecological comprehensive pattern of China's ecological space planning (ecological security evaluation, ecological service function value calculation) and the core of positive and negative list of industrial green development. Finally, the general characteristics and laws of the technology path in different scale space are discussed. At the same time, this framework has been applied in the ecological space planning of the southern mountain area of Weifang, which is a provincial ecological function area in Shandong Province. It provides feasible schemes and suggestions for promoting the ecological protection and green development of the southern mountain area of Weifang.

Key words: national territory planning system, ecological space planning, ecological double evaluation, ecological protection, green development, technical framework

中图分类号:

陈志端, 陈鸿, 郭晶鹏, 吴若昊. 国土空间规划体系下生态空间规划思想内核与技术框架初探[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 1094-1102.

CHEN Zhiduan, CHEN Hong, GUO Jingpeng, WU Ruohao. The Core and Technical Framework of Ecological Space Planning under the National Territory Spatial Planning System[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(5): 1094-1102.

图/表 7

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作用类型 Type of action	关系类型 Types of relationship	“生态山”Ecological mountain	“经济山”Economics mountain	特征 Features
正相互作用（共生） Positive interaction (symbiosis)	偏利共生 Profit oriented symbiosis	+	0	“生态山”受益,“经济山”无影响 “Ecological mountain” benefits, “economic mountain” has no influence
	偏利共生 Profit oriented symbiosis	0	+	“经济山”受益,“生态山”无影响 “Economic mountain” benefits, “ecological mountain” has no influence
	互利共生 Mutual benefit and symbiosis	+	+	相互作用对两者都有利 Interaction benefits both
中性作用 Neutral action		0	0	相互作用对两者都有利 Interaction benefits both
负相互作用（共生） Negative interaction (symbiosis)	中性作用 Neutral action	‒	‒	两者都受到不利影响 Both are adversely affected
	偏害 Partial harm	‒	0	两者都受到不利影响 Both are adversely affected
	偏害 Partial harm	0	‒	“生态山”无影响,“经济山”无影响 “Economic mountain” has no influence, “ecological mountain” has no influence
	单害,单利 Single harm, single profit	+	‒	“生态山”受益,“经济山”受损" “Ecological mountain” benefits while “economic mountain” suffers

作用类型 Type of action	关系类型 Types of relationship	“生态山”Ecological mountain	“经济山”Economics mountain	特征 Features
正相互作用（共生） Positive interaction (symbiosis)	偏利共生 Profit oriented symbiosis	+	0	“生态山”受益,“经济山”无影响 “Ecological mountain” benefits, “economic mountain” has no influence
	偏利共生 Profit oriented symbiosis	0	+	“经济山”受益,“生态山”无影响 “Economic mountain” benefits, “ecological mountain” has no influence
	互利共生 Mutual benefit and symbiosis	+	+	相互作用对两者都有利 Interaction benefits both
中性作用 Neutral action		0	0	相互作用对两者都有利 Interaction benefits both
负相互作用（共生） Negative interaction (symbiosis)	中性作用 Neutral action	‒	‒	两者都受到不利影响 Both are adversely affected
	偏害 Partial harm	‒	0	两者都受到不利影响 Both are adversely affected
	偏害 Partial harm	0	‒	“生态山”无影响,“经济山”无影响 “Economic mountain” has no influence, “ecological mountain” has no influence
	单害,单利 Single harm, single profit	+	‒	“生态山”受益,“经济山”受损" “Ecological mountain” benefits while “economic mountain” suffers

项目 Item	价值分类 Value Classification	生态安全评价 Ecological security assessment
项目 Item	价值分类 Value Classification	高安全 High security	中安全 Medium security	低安全 Low security
生态价值评价 Ecology value evaluation	极高价值 Extremely high value	极重要 Extremely important	极重要 Extremely important	极重要 Extremely important
	高价值 High value	极重要 Extremely important	重要 Important	重要 Important
	一般价值 General value	极重要 Extremely important	重要 Important	一般 General

项目 Item	价值分类 Value Classification	生态安全评价 Ecological security assessment
项目 Item	价值分类 Value Classification	高安全 High security	中安全 Medium security	低安全 Low security
生态价值评价 Ecology value evaluation	极高价值 Extremely high value	极重要 Extremely important	极重要 Extremely important	极重要 Extremely important
	高价值 High value	极重要 Extremely important	重要 Important	重要 Important
	一般价值 General value	极重要 Extremely important	重要 Important	一般 General

产业分类 Industry classification	第一产业 Primary Industry	第二产业 Secondary Industry	第三产业 Tertiary Industry
绿色产业正面清单 Green industry Positive list	绿色高效农业;重点发展青杨峪板栗,牛寨、褚庄苹果,桃,葡萄,中草药种植基地、果蔬采摘等特色产业群 Green high-efficiency agriculture; Focus on the development of Qingyangyu chestnuts, apples, peaches grapes, Herbal medicine planting base, fruit and vegetable picking and other characteristics of the industrial groups	果蔬加工业、冷藏、新鲜果蔬配送等相关产业 Fruit and vegetable processing industry, refrigeration, fresh fruit and vegetable distribution and other related industries	生态观光、文化旅游、康体休闲节庆活动、生产性服务业、农业电商等 Eco-tourism, cultural tourism, sports and leisure festivals, productive services, agricultural e-commerce and so on
环境准入负面清单 Environmental access Negative list	禁止非法开垦土地;禁止危害农作物安全;禁止采伐特定区域林木 Illegal reclamation of land is forbidden, crop safety is forbidden, and logging of trees in specific areas is forbidden	禁止引入规模小的机械加工制造、金属加工、重化工等重工企业 Small-scale machinery manufacturing, metal processing, heavy chemical and other heavy industries are prohibited	禁止在核心保护区内从事一切活动 All activities in the core protected areas are prohibited

国土空间规划体系下生态空间规划思想内核与技术框架初探

The Core and Technical Framework of Ecological Space Planning under the National Territory Spatial Planning System

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