国土空间规划的自然要素评价与集成：进展与展望

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.12.019

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 2431-2440.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.12.019

• 综述 • 上一篇

国土空间规划的自然要素评价与集成：进展与展望

李平星¹^,²(), 周健¹^,², 刘申伟³

1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京 210008
2.中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,江苏南京 210008
3.泰安市瑞峰地产置业有限公司,山东泰安 271000

收稿日期:2021-08-14 出版日期:2021-12-18 发布日期:2022-01-04
作者简介:李平星（1982年生）,男,副研究员,博士,主要研究方向为区域发展及其生态效应。E-mail: pxli@niglas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41871209);美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程(XDA23020102)

Evaluation and Integration of Natural Elements in Territorial Spatial Planning: Progress and Prospect

LI Pingxing¹^,²(), ZHOU Jian¹^,², LIU Shenwei³

1. Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
2. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
3. Taian Ruifeng Real Estate Company, Taian 271000, China

Received:2021-08-14 Online:2021-12-18 Published:2022-01-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在生态文明建设和“多规合一”背景下,自然要素在国土空间规划中的基础性地位不断增强,对其科学评价成为支撑国土空间规划编制的重要基础。自然要素类型多样、分析视角多元、评估方法复杂,在综合评价和集成分析方面存在诸多难点。该研究以自然要素为对象、以综合评价和集成为目标,在充分分析自然要素内涵和类型的基础上,提出从资源、生态、环境、灾害4个属性对水文、土壤、气候、生物、矿产、地形、地质等自然要素进行归类的思路。进而基于4个属性,对指标选择和评价方法进行了总结和归纳,从主体功能区划、资源环境承载能力以及国土空间的“双评价”3个角度对自然要素评价的集成过程进行了论述。最后在总结当前存在问题的基础上,通过集成要素、空间和规划3个方面提出了国土空间规划中开展自然要素分析和评价的主要思路以及未来规划和研究需要重点关注的方面。最后指出,针对国土空间规划中的自然要素评价存在指标与方法适用性不足、概念混杂、统筹分析偏弱、动态性和弹性不足的问题,需要进一步强化自然要素的基础性地位和底线约束作用,从灾害、生态、环境和资源4个维度进行指标择定、评价分析和综合集成,并加强数据可获取性、评价方法适用性、集成过程系统性等方面的研究。

关键词: 国土空间规划, 自然要素, 底线约束, 评价方法, 综合集成

Abstract:

Under the background of ecological civilization construction and “multi-plan integration”, the basic conditions of natural elements in territorial spatial planning has been strengthened, and their scientific evaluation is important to support the making of territorial spatial plan. It is a challenge to carry out comprehensive and integrated evaluation due to the various types of natural elements, multiple analytical perspectives, and complex evaluation methods. Taking natural elements as the research object and their comprehensive evaluation as the target, we developed an approach to classify the seven types of natural elements, i.e., hydrology, soil, climate, biology, minerals, terrain and geology from four attributes, i.e., resources, ecology, environment and disaster. The approach is based on the comprehensive analysis of the concept and types of natural elements. We then summarized the selection of indicators and evaluation methods, and revealed the main ideas of comprehensive analysis and integrated evaluation based on four attributes. It discussed the integrated evaluation of natural elements from the perspective of the major function oriented zoning, resources and environment carrying capacity and “double evaluation” of territorial space. Finally, on the basis of summarizing the existing problems, this paper put forward the main ideas of natural element analysis and evaluation in territorial spatial planning and the concerns in future planning and research through the integration of elements, space and planning. It is proposed that there are some problems in the evaluation of natural elements in territorial spatial planning, such as insufficient applicability of indicators and methods, confused concepts, poor comprehensive analysis, lack of dynamics and elasticity. In the future, the evaluation of natural elements in territorial spatial planning should further strengthen their fundamental role and strict constrains. Indicator selection, evaluation analysis and comprehensive integration should be carried out from the four dimensions of disaster, ecology, environment and resources and it also needs to strengthen the research on data availability, applicability of evaluation methods, and system of integration process.

Key words: territorial spatial planning, natural elements, restriction, evaluation, integration

中图分类号:

X144

李平星, 周健, 刘申伟. 国土空间规划的自然要素评价与集成：进展与展望[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(12): 2431-2440.

LI Pingxing, ZHOU Jian, LIU Shenwei. Evaluation and Integration of Natural Elements in Territorial Spatial Planning: Progress and Prospect[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(12): 2431-2440.

图/表 7

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类型划分 Classification	作者,年份 Author, year	研究区域 Study area	评价方法 Evaluation method
地域功能识别 Territorial Function identification	王亚飞等, 2019 (Wang et al., 2019)	福建省、六盘水市 Fujian Province, Liupanshui City	以“双评价”为基础,结合规划校验 Based on “double evaluation” and combined with planning verification
	魏旭红等, 2019 (Wei et al., 2019)	洱海流域、抚仙湖流域 Erhai Lake Basin and Fuxian Lake Basin	对接“双评价”结果与部门管控边界,构建“三区三线”体系 Connect the “double evaluation” results with the department control boundary, and build a “three zones and three lines” system
	丁乙宸等, 2020 (Ding et al., 2020)	延川县 Yanchuan County	基于既有规划,构建指标体系开展“双评价” Based on the existing planning, build an index system and carry out “double evaluation”
生态安全格局 Ecological Security pattern	杜悦悦等, 2017 (Du, et al., 2017)	大理州 Dali Prefecture	基于生态重要性识别源地,基于生态敏感性识别景观廊道 Identify the source based on ecological importance and the landscape corridor based on ecological sensitivity
	徐华连等, 2020 (Xu et al., 2020)	苏州市 Suzhou City	集成生态系统服务功能重要性和生态敏感性结果 Integrate ecosystem service function importance and ecological sensitivity results
	陈德超等, 2020 (Chen, et al., 2020)	苏州市 Suzhou City	结合土地利用数据和DEM数据,基于景观格局分析和生态重要性评价 Combined with land use data and DEM data, based on landscape pattern analysis and ecological importance evaluation
	陈志端等, 2021 (Chen et al., 2020)	九山镇 Jiushan Town	基于包含生态敏感性等的生态安全评价和生态服务价值评价 Ecological service value evaluation and ecological security evaluation based on ecological sensitivity
自然资源空间管控 Spatial regulation of natural resource	应申等, 2019 (Ying et al., 2019)	—	结合信息化过程,分析土地到空间的概念转变,构建自然要素概念模型 Combined with the information process, analyzes the conceptual transformation from land to space, and constructs the conceptual model of natural elements
自然资源空间管控 Spatial regulation of natural resource	杜腾飞等, 2020 (Du et al., 2020)	栖霞市 Qixia City	基于生态服务功能重要性和生态环境敏感性,结合地形位指数和最小累积阻力模型 Based on the importance of ecological service function and eco-environmental sensitivity, combined with topographic potential index and minimum cumulative resistance model

类型划分 Classification	作者,年份 Author, year	研究区域 Study area	评价方法 Evaluation method
地域功能识别 Territorial Function identification	王亚飞等, 2019 (Wang et al., 2019)	福建省、六盘水市 Fujian Province, Liupanshui City	以“双评价”为基础,结合规划校验 Based on “double evaluation” and combined with planning verification
	魏旭红等, 2019 (Wei et al., 2019)	洱海流域、抚仙湖流域 Erhai Lake Basin and Fuxian Lake Basin	对接“双评价”结果与部门管控边界,构建“三区三线”体系 Connect the “double evaluation” results with the department control boundary, and build a “three zones and three lines” system
	丁乙宸等, 2020 (Ding et al., 2020)	延川县 Yanchuan County	基于既有规划,构建指标体系开展“双评价” Based on the existing planning, build an index system and carry out “double evaluation”
生态安全格局 Ecological Security pattern	杜悦悦等, 2017 (Du, et al., 2017)	大理州 Dali Prefecture	基于生态重要性识别源地,基于生态敏感性识别景观廊道 Identify the source based on ecological importance and the landscape corridor based on ecological sensitivity
	徐华连等, 2020 (Xu et al., 2020)	苏州市 Suzhou City	集成生态系统服务功能重要性和生态敏感性结果 Integrate ecosystem service function importance and ecological sensitivity results
	陈德超等, 2020 (Chen, et al., 2020)	苏州市 Suzhou City	结合土地利用数据和DEM数据,基于景观格局分析和生态重要性评价 Combined with land use data and DEM data, based on landscape pattern analysis and ecological importance evaluation
	陈志端等, 2021 (Chen et al., 2020)	九山镇 Jiushan Town	基于包含生态敏感性等的生态安全评价和生态服务价值评价 Ecological service value evaluation and ecological security evaluation based on ecological sensitivity
自然资源空间管控 Spatial regulation of natural resource	应申等, 2019 (Ying et al., 2019)	—	结合信息化过程,分析土地到空间的概念转变,构建自然要素概念模型 Combined with the information process, analyzes the conceptual transformation from land to space, and constructs the conceptual model of natural elements
自然资源空间管控 Spatial regulation of natural resource	杜腾飞等, 2020 (Du et al., 2020)	栖霞市 Qixia City	基于生态服务功能重要性和生态环境敏感性,结合地形位指数和最小累积阻力模型 Based on the importance of ecological service function and eco-environmental sensitivity, combined with topographic potential index and minimum cumulative resistance model

国土空间规划的自然要素评价与集成：进展与展望

Evaluation and Integration of Natural Elements in Territorial Spatial Planning: Progress and Prospect

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