生态植被自然修复及其人工促进技术研究进展与展望

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.021

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 1476-1488.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.021

生态植被自然修复及其人工促进技术研究进展与展望

刘祥宏¹^,²^,^*(), 尹勤瑞³, 辛建宝⁴, 刘伟⁵, 许秀泉⁶, 黄占斌⁷^,^*(), 安如意⁸

1.中煤科工集团北京土地整治与生态修复科技研究院有限公司,北京 100013
2.煤炭科学研究总院有限公司,北京 100013
3.中煤平朔集团有限公司,山西朔州 036006
4.中煤科工集团沈阳设计研究院有限公司,辽宁沈阳 110015
5.国家林业和草原局中南调查规划设计院,湖南长沙 410014
6.沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁沈阳 110161
7.中国矿业大学（北京）化学与环境工程学院,北京 100083
8.山东省第一地质矿产勘查院,山东济南 271500

收稿日期:2022-01-12 出版日期:2022-07-18 发布日期:2022-08-31
通讯作者: E-mail: xicheng516@126.com
^*E-mail: zbhuang2003@163.com;
E-mail: xicheng516@126.com
^*E-mail: zbhuang2003@163.com;
作者简介:刘祥宏（1985年生）,男,高级工程师,博士,主要研究方向为矿区生态修复。E-mail: xicheng516@126.com
基金资助:
中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项项目(2020-2-CXY001);中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项项目(2019-2-ZD005);国家重点研发计划项目课题(2020YFC1806504);山东省第一地质矿产勘查院2020年度青年科技创新基金项目(QN202005)

Technology Research Progress and Prospects of Natural Vegetation Restoration and Its Artificial Promotion

LIU Xianghong¹^,²^,^*(), YIN Qinrui³, XIN Jianbao⁴, LIU Wei⁵, XU Xiuquan⁶, HUANG Zhanbin⁷^,^*(), AN Ruyi⁸

1. CCTEG Beijing Research Institute of Land Renovation and Ecological Restoration Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, P. R. China
2. Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
3. China Coal Pingshuo Group Co., Ltd., Shuozhou 036006, P. R. China
4. CCTEG Shenyang Engineering Company, Shenyang 110015, P. R. China
5. Central South Inventory and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha 410014, P. R. China
6. College of Water Resource, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, P. R. China
7. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
8. Shandong First Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, Ji’nan 271500, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-12 Online:2022-07-18 Published:2022-08-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在国家政策高度重视生态自然修复的背景下,系统梳理了生态自然修复理念、效果及应用条件,探讨了人工促进生态植被自然修复的概念、范围及技术方法,展望了未来进一步研究的重点方向,以期推动自然修复模式的发展进步及其在国家生态建设领域的有效应用。通过生态自然修复、人工促进自然修复与人工恢复等技术模式技术要点的对比,认为人工促进自然修复模式需采取有限的人工治理措施实现植物自然恢复的效率与质量提升,常规生态修复技术方法均可认作人工促进生态修复措施,但需界定人工干预程度。其中,需基于生态承载力理念,考虑界定人为措施治理面积占比与当地自然植被盖度之间的比例关系。研究认为人工促进自然修复模式下,需要构建植被种源区与扩繁区两大体系。其中,种源区可通过植被种植区域选择、适生植物选择与植被建植处理过程,为未处理区域的植被自然恢复提供长期的种源条件;扩繁区可通过地表微地形整理提升粗糙度,来促进区域内的天然落种的截留与植物萌发生长。预期关键节点的植被建植、土壤改良、微地形塑造研究,典型脆弱生态或不利环境条件下的针对性技术研究以及技术规范、考核指标编制等,将成为未来人工促进自然修复的重要研究方向。

关键词: 生态修复, 自然修复, 植被恢复, 人工促进, 种源区, 微地形

Abstract:

In order to promote the technology development and progress of the ecological natural restoration and its effective application in the field of national ecological construction, the concept, effects and application conditions of ecological natural restoration are systematically sorted out, and the concept, scope and technical methods of artificial promotion of ecological natural restoration are discussed, and the key directions for further research are prospected, given that the national policy attaches great importance to ecological natural restoration. Through the comparisons of technical points of ecological natural restoration, artificial promotion of natural restoration and artificial restoration, it is suggested that the artificial promotion of natural restoration mode need to take limited artificial treatment measures to improve the efficiency and quality of natural plant restoration. Conventional ecological restoration methods can be regarded as artificially promoted ecological restoration measures, while the degree of manual intervention needs to be defined. The ratio between the proportion of the area under artificial measures and the coverage ratio of the local natural vegetation of the artificial promotion of natural restoration mode should be considered based on the concept of ecological carrying capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to construct two systems of vegetation provenance area and propagation area under the artificially promoted natural restoration mode. The provenance area could provide long-term provenance conditions for the natural restoration of vegetation in the untreated area through the process of vegetation planting area selection, adaptive plant selection and vegetation construction. The roughness of the planting propagation area would be improved through surface micro-topography shaping to promote the interception of natural seeding, plant germination and plant growth. At last, it is expected that research on vegetation establishment, soil improvement, and micro-topography shaping at key nodes, targeted technical research under typical fragile ecological areas or adverse environmental conditions, as well as technical specifications and assessment indicators, will become important research directions for artificial promotion of natural restoration in the future.

Key words: ecological restoration, natural restoration, vegetation restoration, artificial promotion, provenance zone, micro- topography

中图分类号:

Q948
X171.4

刘祥宏, 尹勤瑞, 辛建宝, 刘伟, 许秀泉, 黄占斌, 安如意. 生态植被自然修复及其人工促进技术研究进展与展望[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1476-1488.

LIU Xianghong, YIN Qinrui, XIN Jianbao, LIU Wei, XU Xiuquan, HUANG Zhanbin, AN Ruyi. Technology Research Progress and Prospects of Natural Vegetation Restoration and Its Artificial Promotion[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(7): 1476-1488.

图/表 2

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修复措施 Ecological restoration treatments	修复模式 Ecological restoration modes
修复措施 Ecological restoration treatments	自然修复 Natural restoration	人工促进自然修复 Artificial promotion of natural restoration	自然辅助人工修复 Natural assisted artificial restoration	人工修复 Artificial restoration
地灾治理 Geological disaster control	无	多无	多采用（部分或大部分）	采用
场地平整 Site leveling	无	多无（或少部分进行与植被种植配套的点状、线状平整）	多采用（部分或大部分）	采用（大部分或全面）
土壤改良 Soil improvement	无	多无（或少部分进行与植被种植配套的点状、线状改良）	多采用（部分或大部分）	采用（大部分或全面）
植被种植 Vegetation planting	无	采用（仅少部分区域点状或线状种植,建植比例较低）	采用（部分或大部分, 人工建植比例较高）	采用（大部分或全面）
短期养护 Short term curing	无	栽植植物定植成活及安全越冬	栽植植物定植成活、播种植物出苗、安全越冬	栽植植物定植成活、播种植物出苗、安全越冬
长期管理 Long term management	无	无或仅防控火灾等	防控火灾和补播补植等	防控火灾、补播补植以及病虫害、鼠兔害防控、浇水等

修复措施 Ecological restoration treatments	修复模式 Ecological restoration modes
修复措施 Ecological restoration treatments	自然修复 Natural restoration	人工促进自然修复 Artificial promotion of natural restoration	自然辅助人工修复 Natural assisted artificial restoration	人工修复 Artificial restoration
地灾治理 Geological disaster control	无	多无	多采用（部分或大部分）	采用
场地平整 Site leveling	无	多无（或少部分进行与植被种植配套的点状、线状平整）	多采用（部分或大部分）	采用（大部分或全面）
土壤改良 Soil improvement	无	多无（或少部分进行与植被种植配套的点状、线状改良）	多采用（部分或大部分）	采用（大部分或全面）
植被种植 Vegetation planting	无	采用（仅少部分区域点状或线状种植,建植比例较低）	采用（部分或大部分, 人工建植比例较高）	采用（大部分或全面）
短期养护 Short term curing	无	栽植植物定植成活及安全越冬	栽植植物定植成活、播种植物出苗、安全越冬	栽植植物定植成活、播种植物出苗、安全越冬
长期管理 Long term management	无	无或仅防控火灾等	防控火灾和补播补植等	防控火灾、补播补植以及病虫害、鼠兔害防控、浇水等

生态植被自然修复及其人工促进技术研究进展与展望

Technology Research Progress and Prospects of Natural Vegetation Restoration and Its Artificial Promotion

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