福建省明溪县极小种群野生植物喜树种群结构与动态特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1037-1044.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.004

福建省明溪县极小种群野生植物喜树种群结构与动态特征

张兴旺¹^,^*(), 谢艳萍¹, 吴晓敏¹, 李垚², 肖书平³

1.淮北师范大学生命科学学院，安徽淮北 235000
2.南京林业大学生物与环境学院，江苏南京 210037
3.明溪县林业局，福建明溪 365200

收稿日期:2023-02-02 出版日期:2023-06-18 发布日期:2023-09-01
通讯作者: *
作者简介:张兴旺（1979年生），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为植物生态学。E-mail: Zhangxingwang79@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32100169);企业委托研发项目(22100210);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2108085QC104);安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目(2022AH050369)

Population Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations of Camptotheca acuminata in Mingxi, Fujian Province, China

ZHANG Xingwang¹^,^*(), XIE Yanping¹, WU Xiaomin¹, LI Yao², XIAO Shuping³

1. College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, P. R. China
2. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
3. Forestry Bureau of Mingxi County, Mingxi 365200, P. R. China

Received:2023-02-02 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2023-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

喜树（Camptotheca acuminata）为中国特有种，也是中国120种极小种群野生植物之一。在第二次全国重点保护野生植物资源调查中，发现福建省明溪县角溪区域有喜树种群野生分布点。为了探讨该区域喜树种群的生存状况，基于样地调查数据，以径级代替龄级，编制种群静态生命表并引入4个生存分析函数，分析种群数量特征；利用种群动态变化指数和时间序列模型对种群动态和未来发展趋势进行分析和预测。结果表明，（1）喜树种群龄级结构呈倒“J”型，各龄级均有个体分布，其中小树个体数量最多，幼苗、幼树存储量不足；种群动态指数在相邻龄级间存在一定的波动，V_pi和V_pi′的值均大于零，表明该种群当前属于增长型，但种群对外界干扰比较敏感，抗干扰能力较差。（2）静态生命表显示，喜树种群存活数量和个体生命期望值都随着龄级的增加逐渐下降；种群存活曲线趋近于Deevey-Ⅱ型，前期死亡率下降较为迅速，而后期死亡率下降趋于平缓；死亡率和消失率曲线的变化趋势基本一致，均在第Ⅱ、Ⅷ龄级出现峰值。（3）生存分析表明，该种群具有前期迅速下降、中期小幅波动、后期逐渐衰退的变化特点。（4）时间序列分析预测，在经历未来2个龄级时间后，Ⅱ龄级和Ⅴ龄级个体数量均出现不同程度的减少；而经历未来4、6、8个龄级时间后，所有龄级个体数量均呈增长趋势。人为干扰、自然干扰、种子成苗率低是影响该地区喜树种群增长的主要因素。在今后的保护工作中，建议采取就地保护、近地保护和加强宣传等拯救措施，保护和改善生境，促进喜树种群的更新和发展。

关键词: 喜树, 种群结构, 静态生命表, 生存分析, 极小种群野生植物, 时间序列预测

Abstract:

Camptotheca acuminata, one of 120 species of wild plant species with extremely small populations, is endemic to China. It was found that there were wild distribution points of C. acuminata population in Jiaoxi region of Mingxi, Fujian Province, during the second national key conversation wild plant resources survey. In order to investigate the survival status of C. acuminata population in this region, a static life table and four survival analysis function curves were worked out based on quadrat survey data with diameter class instead of age class, for analyzing the quantitative characteristics of the population. Moreover, population dynamics and future development trend were analyzed and predicted by using population dynamics index and time sequence model. The results showed that: (1) The age structure of the C. acuminata population appeared roughly inverted J-shape. Individuals were distributed in each age classes, among which the number of small trees was the highest, and the number of seedlings and young trees was insufficient. The dynamic index of population fluctuates between adjacent age classes, and the values of V_pi and V_pi′ were greater than zero, indicating that the population tended to a stable growth type at present, but the population was sensitive to external disturbances and had poor anti-interference ability. (2) The static life table showed that the survival number and individual life expectancy of the C. acuminata population decreased with the increase of age class. The survival curve tended to the Deevey-Ⅱ type, and the mortality rate decreased rapidly in the early period, while it decreased gradually in the later period. The change trends of mortality and vanishing rate curves were nearly similar, both reaching the peak values at the second and eighth age classes. (3) The four survival functional curves showed that the C. acuminata population was characterized by decline in the early stage, small fluctuation in the middle stage, and gradual decline in the later stage. (4) The time series prediction analysis indicated that the number of individuals at the second and fifth age classes decreased at different ranges after the next 2 age classes while the number of individuals in all age classes increased after the next 4, 6, and 8 age classes. Human disturbance, natural disturbance and low seed seedling rate were the primary factors affecting the growth of the population in the future. We suggested that, in the future conversation effects, it should be introduced to take measures such as in situ protection, near situ conservation and strengthening publicity to protect and improve the habitat and promote the regeneration and development of C. acuminata population.

Key words: Camptotheca acuminata, population structure, static life table, survival analysis, wild plant with extremely small populations, time sequence prediction

中图分类号:

Q948
X17

张兴旺, 谢艳萍, 吴晓敏, 李垚, 肖书平. 福建省明溪县极小种群野生植物喜树种群结构与动态特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(6): 1037-1044.

ZHANG Xingwang, XIE Yanping, WU Xiaomin, LI Yao, XIAO Shuping. Population Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations of Camptotheca acuminata in Mingxi, Fujian Province, China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(6): 1037-1044.

图/表 8

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样地	样地面积/m²	生境	海拔/m	坡度/(°)	坡向/(°)	群落优势种
P1	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	335	20	SW15	喜树 (C. acuminata)+苦槠 (C. sclerophylla)
P2	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	343	10	S	喜树 (C. acuminata)+乌桕 (T. sebifera)
P3	10 m×40 m	山谷缓坡	351	20	SW20	喜树 (C. acuminata)+苦槠 (C. sclerophylla)
P4	20 m×20 m	山谷缓坡	354	15	SW30	米槠( C. carlesii)+喜树 (C. acuminata)
P5	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	361	25	SW15	喜树 (C. acuminata)+少叶黄杞 (E. fenzlii)
P6	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	359	10	W	喜树 (C. acuminata)+乌桕 (T. sebifera)
P7	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	342	20	SW15	喜树 (C. acuminata)+米槠 (C. carlesii)
P8	20 m×20 m	山谷缓坡	347	10	SW20	木荷 (S. superba)+喜树 (C. acuminata)
P9	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	324	15	SW10	喜树 (C. acuminata)+米槠 (C. carlesii)
P10	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	373	30	SW25	喜树 (C. acuminata)+苦槠 (C. sclerophylla)

样地	样地面积/m²	生境	海拔/m	坡度/(°)	坡向/(°)	群落优势种
P1	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	335	20	SW15	喜树 (C. acuminata)+苦槠 (C. sclerophylla)
P2	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	343	10	S	喜树 (C. acuminata)+乌桕 (T. sebifera)
P3	10 m×40 m	山谷缓坡	351	20	SW20	喜树 (C. acuminata)+苦槠 (C. sclerophylla)
P4	20 m×20 m	山谷缓坡	354	15	SW30	米槠( C. carlesii)+喜树 (C. acuminata)
P5	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	361	25	SW15	喜树 (C. acuminata)+少叶黄杞 (E. fenzlii)
P6	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	359	10	W	喜树 (C. acuminata)+乌桕 (T. sebifera)
P7	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	342	20	SW15	喜树 (C. acuminata)+米槠 (C. carlesii)
P8	20 m×20 m	山谷缓坡	347	10	SW20	木荷 (S. superba)+喜树 (C. acuminata)
P9	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	324	15	SW10	喜树 (C. acuminata)+米槠 (C. carlesii)
P10	10 m×40 m	溪流旁	373	30	SW25	喜树 (C. acuminata)+苦槠 (C. sclerophylla)

龄级	径级/cm	A_x	a_x	l_x	lnl_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	S_x	K_x
Ⅰ	DBH<2.5	59	83	1000	6.908	145	0.145	928	3514	3.514	0.855	0.157
Ⅱ	2.5≤DBH<7.5	114	71	855	6.751	180	0.211	765	2586	3.025	0.789	0.236
Ⅲ	7.5≤DBH<12.5	45	56	675	6.515	121	0.179	615	1821	2.698	0.821	0.198
Ⅳ	12.5≤DBH<17.5	18	46	554	6.317	132	0.238	488	1206	2.177	0.762	0.272
Ⅴ	17.5≤DBH<22.5	22	35	422	6.045	145	0.344	350	718	1.701	0.656	0.421
Ⅵ	22.5≤DBH<27.5	11	23	277	5.624	144	0.520	205	368	1.329	0.480	0.734
Ⅶ	27.5≤DBH<32.5	12	11	133	4.890	73	0.549	97	163	1.226	0.451	0.796
Ⅷ	32.5≤DBH<37.5	6	5	60	4.094	36	0.600	42	66	1.100	0.400	0.916
Ⅸ	37.5≤DBH<42.5	1	2	24	3.178	12	0.500	18	24	1.000	0.500	0.693
Ⅹ	DBH≥42.5	2	1	12	2.485	—	—	6	6	0.500	—	2.485

龄级	径级/cm	A_x	a_x	l_x	lnl_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	S_x	K_x
Ⅰ	DBH<2.5	59	83	1000	6.908	145	0.145	928	3514	3.514	0.855	0.157
Ⅱ	2.5≤DBH<7.5	114	71	855	6.751	180	0.211	765	2586	3.025	0.789	0.236
Ⅲ	7.5≤DBH<12.5	45	56	675	6.515	121	0.179	615	1821	2.698	0.821	0.198
Ⅳ	12.5≤DBH<17.5	18	46	554	6.317	132	0.238	488	1206	2.177	0.762	0.272
Ⅴ	17.5≤DBH<22.5	22	35	422	6.045	145	0.344	350	718	1.701	0.656	0.421
Ⅵ	22.5≤DBH<27.5	11	23	277	5.624	144	0.520	205	368	1.329	0.480	0.734
Ⅶ	27.5≤DBH<32.5	12	11	133	4.890	73	0.549	97	163	1.226	0.451	0.796
Ⅷ	32.5≤DBH<37.5	6	5	60	4.094	36	0.600	42	66	1.100	0.400	0.916
Ⅸ	37.5≤DBH<42.5	1	2	24	3.178	12	0.500	18	24	1.000	0.500	0.693
Ⅹ	DBH≥42.5	2	1	12	2.485	—	—	6	6	0.500	—	2.485

福建省明溪县极小种群野生植物喜树种群结构与动态特征

Population Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations of Camptotheca acuminata in Mingxi, Fujian Province, China

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龄级	原始数据	M₂⁽¹⁾	M₄⁽¹⁾	M₆⁽¹⁾	M₈⁽¹⁾
Ⅰ	59
Ⅱ	114	87
Ⅲ	45	80
Ⅳ	18	32	59
Ⅴ	22	20	50
Ⅵ	11	17	24	45
Ⅶ	12	12	16	37
Ⅷ	6	9	13	19	36
Ⅸ	1	4	8	12	29
Ⅹ	2	2	5	9	15

龄级	原始数据	M₂⁽¹⁾	M₄⁽¹⁾	M₆⁽¹⁾	M₈⁽¹⁾
Ⅰ	59
Ⅱ	114	87
Ⅲ	45	80
Ⅳ	18	32	59
Ⅴ	22	20	50
Ⅵ	11	17	24	45
Ⅶ	12	12	16	37
Ⅷ	6	9	13	19	36
Ⅸ	1	4	8	12	29
Ⅹ	2	2	5	9	15

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龄级	原始数据	M₂⁽¹⁾	M₄⁽¹⁾	M₆⁽¹⁾	M₈⁽¹⁾
Ⅰ	59
Ⅱ	114	87
Ⅲ	45	80
Ⅳ	18	32	59
Ⅴ	22	20	50
Ⅵ	11	17	24	45
Ⅶ	12	12	16	37
Ⅷ	6	9	13	19	36
Ⅸ	1	4	8	12	29
Ⅹ	2	2	5	9	15

龄级	原始数据	M₂⁽¹⁾	M₄⁽¹⁾	M₆⁽¹⁾	M₈⁽¹⁾
Ⅰ	59
Ⅱ	114	87
Ⅲ	45	80
Ⅳ	18	32	59
Ⅴ	22	20	50
Ⅵ	11	17	24	45
Ⅶ	12	12	16	37
Ⅷ	6	9	13	19	36
Ⅸ	1	4	8	12	29
Ⅹ	2	2	5	9	15

龄级	原始数据	M₂⁽¹⁾	M₄⁽¹⁾	M₆⁽¹⁾	M₈⁽¹⁾
Ⅰ	59
Ⅱ	114	87
Ⅲ	45	80
Ⅳ	18	32	59
Ⅴ	22	20	50
Ⅵ	11	17	24	45
Ⅶ	12	12	16	37
Ⅷ	6	9	13	19	36
Ⅸ	1	4	8	12	29
Ⅹ	2	2	5	9	15

龄级	原始数据	M₂⁽¹⁾	M₄⁽¹⁾	M₆⁽¹⁾	M₈⁽¹⁾
Ⅰ	59
Ⅱ	114	87
Ⅲ	45	80
Ⅳ	18	32	59
Ⅴ	22	20	50
Ⅵ	11	17	24	45
Ⅶ	12	12	16	37
Ⅷ	6	9	13	19	36
Ⅸ	1	4	8	12	29
Ⅹ	2	2	5	9	15