2000-2021年汾河流域植被时空演变特征及地形效应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.03.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 439-449.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.03.002

2000-2021年汾河流域植被时空演变特征及地形效应

李晖¹(), 李必龙¹, 葛黎黎²^,^*(), 韩琛惠¹, 杨倩³, 张岳军⁴

1.山西省气象服务中心，山西太原 030000
2.山西省气象信息中心，山西太原 030000
3.山西省气候中心，山西太原 030000
4.山西省气象科学研究所，山西太原 030000

收稿日期:2022-11-23 出版日期:2023-03-18 发布日期:2023-06-02
通讯作者: *葛黎黎（1987年生），女，工程师，硕士，主要从事气象资料融合分析及质量控制。E-mail: gll_nuist@163.com
作者简介:李晖（1986年生），男，工程师，硕士，主要从事气象服务与应用气象。E-mail: 313921251@qq.com
基金资助:
山西省气象局面上项目(SXKMSQH20226312);山西省气象局面上项目(SXKMSQH20236307)

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Vegetation Evolution and Topographic Effects in Fenhe River Basin from 2000 to 2021

LI Hui¹(), LI Bilong¹, GE Lili²^,^*(), HAN Chenhui¹, YANG Qian³, ZHANG Yuejun⁴

1. Shanxi Meteorological Service Center, Taiyuan 030000, P. R. China
2. Shanxi Meteorological Information Center, Taiyuan 030000, P. R. China
3. Shanxi Climate Center, Taiyuan 030000, P. R. China
4. Shanxi Province Meteorological Science Research Institute, Taiyuan 030000, P. R. China

Received:2022-11-23 Online:2023-03-18 Published:2023-06-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用NDVI数据在长时序上考虑不同地形绝对面积差异来评价汾河流域植被变化趋势的研究目前比较匮乏。为科学认识汾河流域植被变化及其地形效应，基于2000-2021年的MODIS NDVI数据并结合地形数据，采用线性趋势分析与地形差异修正的方法，分析了汾河流域植被的时空分布及演变特征，并探讨了其在海拔、坡向和坡度上的生长变化差异。结果表明，（1）近22年汾河流域植被NDVI呈流域中部低、外围高、低海拔盆地平川区小于高海拔山脉区的分布格局，随地形和土地覆盖类型变化规律性显著。2000-2021年汾河流域植被总体呈改善趋势，年际变化速率为0.07/(10 a)，其中，63.24%的区域植被NDVI显著增加，33.78%的区域植被基本不变。（2）汾河流域植被NDVI分布和变化存在明显的地形效应，随着海拔递增，植被NDVI先减小后增大再减小，2200-2400 m海拔范围内NDVI最大；不同坡向的植被NDVI差异较小，但总体北坡大于南坡、东坡大于西坡，东北坡最大；随着坡度增加，植被NDVI阶梯式增大，20°-35°坡度范围内NDVI最大。（3）2000-2021年汾河流域不同地形的植被NDVI年际变化均呈改善趋势，但在海拔为800-1400 m、坡度为3°-8°的区域植被NDVI以显著增加为主；在海拔为600-800 m、坡度小于1°的平地区域植被NDVI年际增加速率较小，显著退化分布明显；在海拔为600-1000、1200-1400 m、坡度为1°-3°和8°-9°，由平地转为不同坡向的过渡区植被NDVI易出现波动，是生态治理注重和加强区。因此，在汾河流域植被保护及区域生态管理中应关注植被变化的地形效应。

关键词: 汾河流域, 植被, NDVI, 气候变化, 地形效应, 时空演变

Abstract:

At present, there are few studies using NDVI data to evaluate the vegetation change trend of the Fenhe River Basin by considering the absolute area difference of different terrains over long time spans, so as to scientifically understand the vegetation change and topographic effect of the Fenhe River Basin. Based on MODIS NDVI data from 2000 to 2021, coupled with topographic data, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution and evolution characteristics of vegetation in the Fenhe River Basin by linear trend analysis and topographic difference correction, and discusses the differences in growth changes in elevation, aspect and slope. The results showed that (1) in the past 22 years, the NDVI of vegetation in the Fenhe River basin had a distribution pattern of low in the middle of the basin, high in the periphery, low in the basin, and lower in the plateau area than in the high in the mountain area, with significant changes as the terrain and land cover type varoed. From 2000 to 2021, the vegetation in the Fenhe River basin showed an overall trend of improvement, with an annual change rate of 0.07/(10 a). Among them, 63.24% of the regional vegetation NDVI increased significantly, and 33.78% of the regional vegetation basically remained unchanged. (2) The distribution and change of vegetation NDVI in the Fenhe River Basin had obvious topographic effects. With the increase of altitude, the NDVI of vegetation first decreased, then increased and finally decreases, and the NDVI was the largest in the range of 2200-2400 m altitude; the NDVI difference of vegetation in different slope directions was small, but the north slope was larger than the south slope, the east slope was larger than the west slope, and the northeast slope was the largest; as the slope increased, the NDVI of vegetation increased stepwise, and the NDVI was the largest in the 20°-35° slope. (3) From 2000 to 2021, the annual change of NDVI of vegetation in different landforms in the Fenhe River basin showed an improvement trend, but the NDVI of vegetation with an elevation of 800-1400 m and a slope of 3°-8° increased significantly; in the flat area with an altitude of 600-800 m and a slope of less than 1°, the annual increase rate of NDVI of vegetation was small, and the significant degradation distribution was obvious; the NDVI of vegetation in the transition area with an altitude of 600-1000 m, 1200-1400 m, and a slope of 1°-3° and 8°-9°, from flat land to different slope directions, was prone to fluctuate, and is the focus of ecological governance and an area to be strengthened. Therefore, the topographic effect of vegetation change should be paid attention to in the vegetation protection and regional ecological management of the Fenhe River basin.

Key words: Fenhe River Basin, Vegetation, NDVI, climate change, terrain effect, spatiotemporal evolution

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

李晖, 李必龙, 葛黎黎, 韩琛惠, 杨倩, 张岳军. 2000-2021年汾河流域植被时空演变特征及地形效应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(3): 439-449.

LI Hui, LI Bilong, GE Lili, HAN Chenhui, YANG Qian, ZHANG Yuejun. Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Vegetation Evolution and Topographic Effects in Fenhe River Basin from 2000 to 2021[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(3): 439-449.

图/表 12

图1 汾河流域地理位置和土地覆盖类型分布

Figure 1 Distribution of location and land cover type in Fenhe River Basin

图2 汾河流域海拔、坡向与坡度分布

Figure 2 Spatial distribution of elevation, aspect and slope in Fenhe River Basin

图3 2000-2021年汾河流域植被NDVI分布及其统计结果

Figure 3 Spatial distribution and interannual variation of annual maximum NDVI in Fenhe River Basin from 2000 to 2021

图4 2000-2021年汾河流域植被NDVI年际变化

Figure 4 Annual NDVI change of vegetation in Fenhe River Basin from 2000 to 2021

图5 2000-2021年汾河流域植被NDVI变化趋势及其显著性检验

Figure 5 Variation trend and significance test of annual maximum NDVIin Fenhe River basin from 2000 to 2021

表1 2000-2021年汾河流域植被NDVI变化趋势及其显著性检验统计

Table 1 NDVI change trend and significance test statistics of vegetation in Fenhe River basin from 2000 to 2021

区域	平均年际变化速率/ (10^-2∙a^-1)	面积比例/%
区域	平均年际变化速率/ (10^-2∙a^-1)	基本不变	显著增加	显著减少	不显著增加	不显著减少
太原市	0.57	34.37	61.26	3.24	0.55	0.58
阳泉市	0.43	64.48	35.32	0.00	0.00	0.20
长治市	0.46	61.75	37.87	0.16	0.23	0.00
晋城市	0.58	42.72	57.13	0.05	0.10	0.00
晋中市	0.66	31.55	65.60	1.42	1.01	0.42
运城市	0.65	38.64	56.80	0.63	3.66	0.27
忻州市	0.73	26.78	72.39	0.12	0.63	0.08
临汾市	0.86	26.95	70.56	0.55	1.78	0.16
吕梁市	0.53	44.61	52.24	1.83	0.66	0.67
汾河流域	0.61	33.78	63.24	1.38	1.21	0.38

图6 汾河流域多年平均NDVI和NDVI年际变化速率的海拔分异

Figure 6 Elevation differences in the multi-year average NDVI and NDVI interannual rates of change in Fenhe River Basin

图7 汾河流域不同植被变化类型K随海拔的变化及面积占比

Figure 7 Changes of different vegetation types K with altitude and area proportion in Fenhe River Basin

图8 汾河流域多年平均NDVI和NDVI年际变化速率的坡向分异

Figure 8 Aspect differences in the multi-year average NDVI and NDVI interannual rates of change in Fenhe River Basin

图9 汾河流域不同植被变化类型K随坡向的变化及面积占比

Figure 9 Changes of different vegetation types K with aspect and area proportion in Fenhe River Basin

图10 汾河流域多年平均NDVI和NDVI年际变化速率的坡度分异

Figure 10 Slope differences in the iver Basin

图11 汾河流域不同植被变化类型K随坡度的变化及面积占比

Figure 11 Changes of different vegetation types K with slope and area proportion in Fenhe River Basin

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2000-2021年汾河流域植被时空演变特征及地形效应

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Vegetation Evolution and Topographic Effects in Fenhe River Basin from 2000 to 2021

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