不同生态区维西糯山药品质与生态因子相关性研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1053-1061.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.006

不同生态区维西糯山药品质与生态因子相关性研究

杜彩艳¹(), 杨鹏², 蜂述先², 毛妍婷¹, 陶琼¹, 此主拉姆², 彭慧娉², 和建美², 李卫林²

1.云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，云南昆明 650205
2.维西傈僳族自治县农业农村局，云南维西 674600

收稿日期:2022-12-01 出版日期:2023-06-18 发布日期:2023-09-01
作者简介:杜彩艳（1977年生），女，副研究员，博士，主要从事植物营养和环境生态研究。E-mail: caiyandu@126.com
基金资助:
云南省科技创新强省计划(2014AE014);维西县乡村振兴涉农项目(ZD20210147);云南省科技厅2022“三区”科技人才支持计划

Correlation between Quality and Ecological Factors of Weixi Glutinous Yam in Different Ecological Regions

DU Caiyan¹(), YANG Peng², FENG Shuxian², MAO Yanting¹, TAO Qiong¹, CI Zhulamu², PENG Huiping², HE Jianmei², LI Weilin²

1. Institute of Agricultural Environment & Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, P. R. China
2. Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Weixi Lisu Autonomous County, Weixi 674600, P. R. China

Received:2022-12-01 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2023-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探明生态因子对维西糯山药品质性状的影响，寻找影响维西糯山药生长发育的生态因子。该研究采用GPS定位及“点对点”采样方法采集了不同生态区维西糯山药块茎样品和土壤样品各60个，对维西糯山药品质进行分析与综合评价，分析了维西糯山药品质与土壤养分相关性，筛选出了影响维西糯山药品质的主要土壤因子，并对品质指标与气象因子之间的关系作了详细分析。结果表明，（1）维西糯山药在不同生态区种植时，其品质存在明显差异。（2）根据各主成分的贡献率可知，对维西糯山药品质指标影响最大的是粘液蛋白含量、皂苷含量、支链淀粉含量、水溶性浸出物、多糖与灰分含量；维西糯山药在不同生态区种植的综合评价结果为：扎子村>碧罗村>保和镇周边。（3）影响维西糯山药品质的主要土壤因子为：有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、全钾、有效铁、有效锰、有效硼、有效锌、有效铜、交换性钙。（4）Person相关性分析和冗余（RDA）分析结果表明：生长季最低温度和海拔是影响维西糯山药品质的显著气象因子。生长季最低温度与多糖和多酚之间为负相关关系外，与糯山药其他品质均为正相关关系；海拔与多酚、灰分、水溶性浸出物和粘液蛋白之间均为正相关关系，与多糖、淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、皂苷、水分和氨基酸之间呈负相关关系。增施有机肥，科学合理施用氮、磷、钾肥，并及时补充钙和铁肥是提升维西糯山药综合品质的关键；此外，在进行维西糯山药种植过程中，应注意生长季最低温度和海拔对糯山药品质的影响。研究结果可为维西糯山药生态种植技术及道地性研究提供依据。

关键词: 维西糯山药, 品质评价, 气象因子, 生态区, 道地性

Abstract:

Abstract: In order to evaluate the effect of ecological factors on the growth and the quality characters of Weixi glutinous yam, 60 samples from tubers of Weixi glutinous yam and associated soil samples from different ecological regions were collected using GPS location and “point-to-point” sampling method in this study. The quality of Weixi glutinous yam was analyzed and comprehensively evaluated, the correlation between Weixi glutinous yam quality and soil nutrients was analyzed, the main soil factors affecting the quality of Weixi glutinous yam were identified, and the relationship between quality index and meteorological factors was analyzed in detail. The main results show that (1) the quality of Weixi glutinous yam was significantly different from those planted in different ecological regions; (2) according to the contribution rate of each principal component, the greatest influences on the quality index of Weixi glutinous yam came from mucin content, saponins content, amylopectin content, water soluble extract, polysaccharide and ash content. The comprehensive evaluated ranking results for planting Weixi glutinous yam in different ecological regions showed the following order: Zhazi village>Biluo village>Baohe town; (3) the main soil factors affecting the quality of Weixi glutinous yam were organic matter, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, total potassium, availability of iron, manganese, boron, zinc and copper and exchangeable calcium. (4) the results of Person correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the lowest temperature and altitude in the growing season had significant meteorological factors affecting the quality of Weixi glutinous yam. The lowest temperature in the growing season was negatively correlated with polysaccharides and polyphenols, and positively correlated with other qualities of Weixi glutinous yam. However, the altitude was positively correlated with polyphenols, ash, water-soluble extracts and mucin. It was negatively correlated with polysaccharides, starch, amylose, amylopectin, saponins, water and amino acids. The key to the improvement of the comprehensive quality of Weixi glutinous yam was to increase the application of organic fertilizer, proper application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer, and timely supplement of calcium and iron fertilizer. In addition, in the production of Weixi glutinous yam, more attention should be paid to the effects of the lowest temperature and altitude in the growing season on the quality of Weixi glutinous yam. The results of this study can provide the foundation for ecological planting technology and geoherbalism research of Weixi glutinous yam.

Key words: Weixi glutinous yam, quality evaluation, meteorological factors, ecological areas, geoherbalism

中图分类号:

Q948
X171.1

杜彩艳, 杨鹏, 蜂述先, 毛妍婷, 陶琼, 此主拉姆, 彭慧娉, 和建美, 李卫林. 不同生态区维西糯山药品质与生态因子相关性研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(6): 1053-1061.

DU Caiyan, YANG Peng, FENG Shuxian, MAO Yanting, TAO Qiong, CI Zhulamu, PENG Huiping, HE Jianmei, LI Weilin. Correlation between Quality and Ecological Factors of Weixi Glutinous Yam in Different Ecological Regions[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(6): 1053-1061.

图/表 9

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品质指标	碧罗村	保和镇周边	扎子村
水分含量	74.9±2.07a¹⁾	76.5±4.68a	76.3±2.62a
灰分含量	0.59±0.03a	0.46±0.02c	0.54±0.02b
多糖含量	7.28±0.15c	7.65±0.13a	7.47±0.07b
氨基酸含量	13.5±0.41a	13.4±0.69a	13.7±0.66a
水溶性浸出物含量	13.3±0.79a	12.9±0.87a	14.2±0.60a
粘液蛋白含量	0.86±0.06b	0.73±0.03c	0.95±0.04a
皂苷含量	0.29±0.01b	0.25±0.02c	0.38±0.03a
多酚含量	0.04±0.00a	0.04±0.00a	0.04±0.00a
淀粉含量	17.4±0.54b	16.7±0.62c	19.3±0.80a
直链淀粉含量	6.62±0.42b	6.00±0.25c	6.83±0.23a
支链淀粉含量	10.8±0.45b	10.7±0.52b	12.5±0.73a

品质指标	碧罗村	保和镇周边	扎子村
水分含量	74.9±2.07a¹⁾	76.5±4.68a	76.3±2.62a
灰分含量	0.59±0.03a	0.46±0.02c	0.54±0.02b
多糖含量	7.28±0.15c	7.65±0.13a	7.47±0.07b
氨基酸含量	13.5±0.41a	13.4±0.69a	13.7±0.66a
水溶性浸出物含量	13.3±0.79a	12.9±0.87a	14.2±0.60a
粘液蛋白含量	0.86±0.06b	0.73±0.03c	0.95±0.04a
皂苷含量	0.29±0.01b	0.25±0.02c	0.38±0.03a
多酚含量	0.04±0.00a	0.04±0.00a	0.04±0.00a
淀粉含量	17.4±0.54b	16.7±0.62c	19.3±0.80a
直链淀粉含量	6.62±0.42b	6.00±0.25c	6.83±0.23a
支链淀粉含量	10.8±0.45b	10.7±0.52b	12.5±0.73a

品质指标	主成分1	主成分2	主成分3	主成分4
淀粉含量	-0.433	0.710	0.220	-0.324
粘液蛋白含量	0.917	0.271	0.073	-0.143
皂苷含量	0.797	-0.118	-0.232	-0.095
支链淀粉含量	0.805	0.407	0.207	-0.140
直链淀粉含量	0.150	-0.232	0.724	0.071
水溶性浸出物含量	0.606	-0.665	-0.190	0.120
多糖含量	0.657	0.118	0.388	0.357
灰分含量	0.911	-0.096	-0.065	-0.059
多酚含量	0.872	0.256	-0.029	-0.072
氨基酸含量	-0.026	0.448	-0.095	0.850
水分含量	0.171	0.359	-0.691	0.004
特征值	4.75	1.67	1.35	1.03
方差贡献率	43.2	15.2	12.3	9.39
累计贡献率	43.2	58.4	70.7	80.1

品质指标	主成分1	主成分2	主成分3	主成分4
淀粉含量	-0.433	0.710	0.220	-0.324
粘液蛋白含量	0.917	0.271	0.073	-0.143
皂苷含量	0.797	-0.118	-0.232	-0.095
支链淀粉含量	0.805	0.407	0.207	-0.140
直链淀粉含量	0.150	-0.232	0.724	0.071
水溶性浸出物含量	0.606	-0.665	-0.190	0.120
多糖含量	0.657	0.118	0.388	0.357
灰分含量	0.911	-0.096	-0.065	-0.059
多酚含量	0.872	0.256	-0.029	-0.072
氨基酸含量	-0.026	0.448	-0.095	0.850
水分含量	0.171	0.359	-0.691	0.004
特征值	4.75	1.67	1.35	1.03
方差贡献率	43.2	15.2	12.3	9.39
累计贡献率	43.2	58.4	70.7	80.1

生态区	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	综合得分	综合排名
碧罗村	-2.80	-2.80	-0.30	-0.63	-1.63	2
保和镇周边	-14.0	-6.36	-1.5	-3.15	-6.96	3
扎子村	16.7	7.57	1.79	3.75	8.43	1

不同生态区维西糯山药品质与生态因子相关性研究

Correlation between Quality and Ecological Factors of Weixi Glutinous Yam in Different Ecological Regions

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土壤性质	碧罗村	保和镇周边	扎子村
pH值	5.57±0.06a	5.72±0.06a	5.78±0.06a
w_(有机质)/(g·kg^-1)	74.7±1.01a	45.7±5.06c	67.8±0.92b
w_(碱解氮)/(mg·kg^-1)	199.4±2.75a	102.2±1.43c	186.7±2.16b
w_(有效磷)/(mg·kg^-1)	29.4±0.63b	20.8±0.75c	36.6±0.83a
w_(速效钾)/(mg·kg^-1)	370.9±5.18a	266.4±5.94c	336.9±4.91b
w_(全氮)/(g·kg^-1)	2.90±0.05a	1.82±0.06c	2.66±0.04b
w_(全磷)/(g·kg^-1)	1.05±0.03a	0.66±0.02b	1.00±0.02a
w_(全钾)/(g·kg^-1)	14.7±0.16b	14.8±0.18b	19.9±0.29a
w_(有效锌)/(mg·kg^-1)	2.40±0.06b	1.10±0.06c	3.33±0.07a
w_(有效锰)/(mg·kg^-1)	10.9±0.31c	67.4±0.78a	18.7±0.38b
w_(有效铁)/(mg·kg^-1)	47.5±1.00b	37.2±0.65c	59.6±0.81a
w_(有效铜)/(mg·kg^-1)	1.10±0.04a	0.95±0.02b	1.00±0.02b
w_(有效硼)/(mg·kg^-1)	0.53±0.02c	0.64±0.01b	0.73±0.02a
w_{(交换性钙)}/(mg·kg^-1)	1598.2±32.3b	1042.1±11.0c	1808.0±33.3a
w_{(交换性镁)}/(mg·kg^-1)	182.2±5.82b	209.9±4.03a	194.4±2.48b
b_{(阳离子交换量)}/(cmo·kg^-1)	17.9±0.43a	13.8±0.28b	14.8±0.26b

相关指标	多糖	淀粉	直链淀粉	支链淀粉	多酚	灰分	水溶性浸出物	粘液蛋白	皂苷	水分	氨基酸
pH	0.051	0.155	0.106	0.15	0.144	-0.123	0.047	0.002	0.152	0.264*	0.203
有机质	-0.697** ¹⁾	0.426**	0.628**	0.25	0.053	0.842**	0.373**	0.713**	0.490**	-0.225	0.054
碱解氮	-0.726**	0.521**	0.699**	0.338**	0.053	0.842**	0.384**	0.757**	0.573**	-0.148	0.11
有效磷	-0.368**	0.715**	0.667**	0.605**	0.155	0.540**	0.530**	0.796**	0.809**	-0.015	0.269*
速效钾	-0.721**	0.353**	0.532**	0.201	0.047	0.819**	0.260*	0.555**	0.427**	-0.239	0.079
全氮	-0.722**	0.375**	0.618**	0.188	-0.002	0.826**	0.297*	0.651**	0.455**	-0.173	0.09
全磷	-0.542**	0.497**	0.635**	0.338**	0.127	0.702**	0.427**	0.719**	0.549**	-0.054	0.184
全钾	0.017	0.792**	0.465**	0.803**	0.015	0.147	0.517**	0.697**	0.825**	0.085	0.211
有效锌	-0.430**	0.776**	0.688**	0.674**	0.068	0.639**	0.582**	0.873**	0.844**	-0.092	0.175
有效锰	0.721**	-0.526**	-0.696**	-0.346**	-0.077	-0.880**	-0.418**	-0.777**	-0.587**	0.14	-0.101
有效铁	-0.369**	0.751**	0.705**	0.633**	0.082	0.535**	0.559**	0.822**	0.836**	-0.021	0.182
有效铜	0.372**	0.033	0.134	-0.022	0.087	0.266*	0.175	0.317*	0.064	-0.02	0.096
有效硼	0.275* ²⁾	0.465**	0.187	0.512**	-0.017	-0.316*	0.25	0.232	0.375**	0.143	0.097
交换性钙	-0.501**	0.710**	0.688**	0.589**	0.043	0.681**	0.468**	0.829**	0.804**	-0.089	0.174
交换性镁	0.461**	-0.275*	-0.415**	-0.157	-0.031	-0.474**	-0.233	-0.282*	-0.147	0.095	0.21
阳离子交换量	-0.511**	0.011	0.377**	-0.167	0.053	0.576**	-0.09	0.255*	-0.006	-0.173	0.022

品质指标	主要影响因子	回归方程	方程F值
Y₁多糖含量	X₃碱解氮、X₈全钾	Y₁=0.709+0.021X₃-0.004X₈	43.4**
Y₂淀粉含量	X₈全钾、X₉有效锌	Y₂=12.8+0.23X₈+0.55X₉	68.4**
Y₃直链淀粉含量	X₁₁有效铁、X₃碱解氮	Y₃=4.84+0.02X₁₁+0.004X₃	38.9**
Y₄支链淀粉含量	X₈全钾	Y₄=6.44+0.29X₈	105.3**
Y₆灰分含量	X₁₀有效锰，X₁₃有效硼，X₁₂有效铜	Y₆=0.723-0.002X₁₀-0.101X₁₃-0.06X₁₂	87.9**
Y₇水溶性浸出物含量	X₉有效锌、X₁₆阳离子交换量	Y₇=13.6+0.625X₉-0.098X₁₆	18.4**
Y₈粘液蛋白含量	X₉有效锌、X₁₂有效铜、X₈全钾、X₂有机质	Y₈=0.23+0.031X₉+0.109X₁₂+0.016X₈+0.003X₂	68.5**
Y₉皂苷含量	X₈全钾、X₁₄交换性钙	Y₉=0.004+0.011 X₈+0.001X₁₄	129.9**
Y₁₀水分含量	X₁ pH	Y₁₀=58.3+3.10X₁	4.3**
Y₁₁氨基酸含量	X₄有效磷、X₁₅交换性镁	Y₁₁=11.1+0.029X₄+0.008X₁₅	5.34**

气候因子	年总降水/mm	生长季平均温度/℃	生长季最低温度/℃	生长季最高温度/℃	昼夜温差/℃	生长季总降水/mm	海拔/m
保和镇周边	829	16.4	6.5	25.8	11.1	673.1	2326.1
碧罗村	1416.4	15.4	6.2	21.7	10.7	1122.6	2483.1
扎子村	839.1	19.5	13.5	23.1	13.2	661	2298.1

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