楚雄市西郊云南松林下草本优势种种间联结及环境解释

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 2109-2120.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.001

所属专题：生物多样性专题汇编

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

楚雄市西郊云南松林下草本优势种种间联结及环境解释

姜倪皓¹^,^*(), 张诗函²

1.楚雄师范学院资源环境与化学学院,云南楚雄 675000
2.楚雄师范学院教育学院,云南楚雄 675000

收稿日期:2021-08-13 出版日期:2021-11-18 发布日期:2021-12-29
通讯作者: *
作者简介:姜倪皓（1990年生）,男（彝族）,讲师,博士,主要从事种群生态及农业生态相关研究。E-mail: jnhskip@cxtc.edu.cn
基金资助:
云南省教育厅科研基金项目(2020J0759)

Interspecific Association and Environmental Interpretation of Dominant Herbaceous Species in Pinus yunnanensis Forest in the Western Suburbs of Chuxiong City

JIANG Nihao¹^,^*(), ZHANG Shihan²

1. School of Resources, Environment and Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, China
2. School of Education, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, China

Received:2021-08-13 Online:2021-11-18 Published:2021-12-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草本植物是森林生态系统重要组成部分。对楚雄市西郊云南松（Pinus yunnanensis）林下优势草本植物间的种间联结性及其与环境因子之间的关系进行探讨,旨在为该区域云南松林生态系统的结构和功能的维持提供参考。运用生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、方差比率法、卡方检验、联结系数和M. Godron稳定性测定对8种草本优势种间的相互关系进行综合分析;运用冗余分析（redundancy analysis,RDA）方法,探讨优势草本植物分布与环境因子的关系。结果表明,（1）多数草本优势种的生态位宽度较窄,仅云南裂稃草（Schizachyrium brevifolium）具有较大的生态位宽度,多数草本优势种之间存在较小的生态位重叠。（2）云南裂稃草属于发展性物种,其他7种物种均为衰退性物种。（3）草本优势种间的总体联结性表现为显著负联结,多数种对之间联结程度不显著;群落稳定性测定坐标值为（47.42, 52.58）,远离稳定坐标点（20, 80）。（4）对草本层物种分布影响显著的环境因子为：土壤pH值、坡向、土壤有机质、土壤电导率和土壤全磷。以上研究表明该地区的草本优势种间独立性较强。草本群落整体处于不稳定状态,仍处于演替的早期阶段。在今后的森林管理活动中,可根据草本优势种的种间关系、生态位特征以及影响物种分布的环境因子对林下草本植物进行调控,维持和提升草本群落的稳定性。

关键词: 云南松, 草本优势种, 生态位, 种间联结, 群落稳定性, 冗余分析

Abstract:

Herbaceous plant is an important component of forest ecosystem. The interspecific associations of dominant herbaceous plants and the relationships between environmental factors and herbaceous plant communities were investigated in Pinus yunnanensis forest in the western suburbs of Chuxiong City, thereby providing basic information for maintaining the structure and function of forests ecosystem in the region. The relationship among 8 dominant herbaceous species was comprehensively analyzed using niche width, niche overlap, variance ratio method, Chi-square test, connection coefficient, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and M. Godron stability analysis. The relationships between environmental factors and dominant herbaceous species were investigated by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that, (1) most of the dominant herbaceous plants had narrow niche width, and Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw) Nees ex Buse had a wider niche breadth than other species. The niche overlap of most dominant herbaceous species were low. (2) The aggression of Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw) Nees ex Buse was the strongest, whereas the other seven dominant species were declining populations. (3) The overall interspecific associations were significantly negative associations among all the dominant herbaceous species, and the interspecific association was not significantly correlative in most of the species pairs. The result for the community stability (47.42/52.58) was distinct to the value of 20/80. (4) By RDA analysis, soil pH, slope aspect, soil organic matter, soil electric conductivity and total phosphorus were significant factors affecting the distribution of herbaceous species. Based on the analyses mentioned above, we found that the herbaceous species were highly independent in our study area. The whole dominant herbaceous community was unstable, and the community was still in the early stage of succession. The structure of herb layer can be adjusted according to interspecific association, niche characteristics, and environmental factors in future forest management activities, in order to maintain and improve the stability of herbaceous plant community.

Key words: Pinus yunnanensis, dominant herbaceous species, niche, interspecific association, community stability, redundancy analysis

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

姜倪皓, 张诗函. 楚雄市西郊云南松林下草本优势种种间联结及环境解释[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(11): 2109-2120.

JIANG Nihao, ZHANG Shihan. Interspecific Association and Environmental Interpretation of Dominant Herbaceous Species in Pinus yunnanensis Forest in the Western Suburbs of Chuxiong City[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(11): 2109-2120.

图/表 12

表1 样地基础信息

Table 1 General conditions of sampling transects

样地编号 Sample number	海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度 Slope/ （°）	坡向 Slope aspect	郁闭度 Canopy closure/ %	地表凋落物厚度 Litter thickness/ cm
1	1853	15	1	0.5	3
2	1860	15	3	0.7	5
3	1813	13	7	0.7	5
4	1815	8	3	0.8	5
5	1910	22	3	0.6	5
6	1900	15	1	0.6	3
7	1820	10	1	0.8	3
8	1830	25	1	0.8	8
9	1820	11	1	0.8	10
10	1910	21	7	0.8	3
11	1910	32	1	0.5	3
12	1850	15	1	0.6	3

表2 草本层优势种重要值及其生态位宽度

Table 2 Importance value and niche breadth of dominant species in herbaceous layer

编号 No.	物种 Species	科 Family	重要值 Important Value/%	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation/%	生态位宽度 Niche breadth
编号 No.	物种 Species	科 Family	重要值 Important Value/%	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation/%	B_(sw)	B_(L)
S1	云南裂稃草 Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw) Nees ex Buse	禾本科	70.7	34.31	3.09	22.53
S2	金丝草 Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth	禾本科	6.7	258.37	1.28	3.24
S3	鼠曲草 Gnaphalium affine D. Don,	菊科	5.8	209.81	1.56	4.59
S4	芒萁 Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Berhn.	里白科	5.2	343.17	0.68	1.95
S5	白茅 Imperata cylindrica (Linn.) Beauv.	禾本科	4.8	283.16	1.26	2.88
S6	拟金茅 Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard	禾本科	2.3	282.39	1.06	2.77
S7	皱叶狗尾草 Setaria plicata (Lam.) T. Cooke	禾本科	1.0	442.11	0.32	1.21
S8	浆果薹草 Carex baccans Nees	莎草科	1.0	489.90	0.19	1.10

图1 生态位重叠指数分布

Fig. 1 Distribution pattern of niche overlap index

表3 林下草本层优势物种的生态位重叠指数

Table 3 Niche overlap of the dominant species in herbaceous layer

编号 No.	S1	S2	S3	S4	S5	S6	S7	S8
S1		0.425	0.876	0.461	0.547	0.835	0.872	1.110
S2	0.061		0.000	0.000	0.301	0.089	0.149	0.000
S3	0.179	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
S4	0.040	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
S5	0.070	0.268	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.057	0.006
S6	0.103	0.076	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000
S7	0.047	0.056	0.000	0.000	0.024	0.000		0.000
S8	0.054	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.000

表4 草本层物种发展或衰退情况

Table 4 Aggression or declining situation of dominant species in herb layer

物种 Species	$∆ L ih$	R
S1	4.57	4.93
S2	-0.23	-14.45
S3	-0.69	-6.59
S4	-0.42	-4.64
S5	-0.47	-6.11
S6	-0.75	-3.73
S7	-0.95	-1.28
S8	-1.05	-0.96

表4 草本层物种发展或衰退情况

Table 4 Aggression or declining situation of dominant species in herb layer

物种 Species	$∆ L ih$	R
S1	4.57	4.93
S2	-0.23	-14.45
S3	-0.69	-6.59
S4	-0.42	-4.64
S5	-0.47	-6.11
S6	-0.75	-3.73
S7	-0.95	-1.28
S8	-1.05	-0.96

表5 草本层主要物种间的总体联结性

Table 5 Overall interspecific associations among dominant species in herb layer

林分类型 Forest type	方差比率 Variance ratio (R_v)	检验统计量 Test statistics (W)	χ²临界值 χ² thershold (χ²_0.95, χ²_0.05)	测度结果 Measurement results
云南松次生林 Pinus yunnanensis natural secondary forest	0.0185	1.11	(43.19, 79.08)	显著负关联 Significantly negative correlation

表6 草本层主要物种的χ2检验及联结系数（AC）结果比较

Table 6 Comparison of χ2-test coefficient and association coefficient among main species in herb layer

检验方法 Test methods	联结类型 Association type	数值范围 Value range	测度结果 Measurement Results	种对数 Species pair number	百分比/% Percentage/%
χ²检验 Chi-square test	正联结 Positive association	P≤0.01	极显著 Extremely significant	0	0
		P≤0.05	显著 Significant	0	0
		P>0.05	不显著 Non-significant	3	10.70
	负联结 Negative association	P≤0.01	极显著 Extremely significant	3	10.70
		P≤0.05	显著 Significant	0	0
		P>0.05	不显著 Non-significant	22	78.60
联结系数 (AC) Association coefficient	正联结 Positive association	AC≥0.6	极显著 Extremely significant	0	0
		0.2≤AC<0.6	显著 Significant	1	3.60
		0.2<AC<0	不显著 Non-significant	2	7.14
	负联结 Negative association	AC≤-0.6	极显著 Extremely significant	16	57.14
		-0.6<AC≤-0.2	显著 Significant	6	21.42
		-0.2<AC<0	不显著 Non-significant	3	10.70

图2 草本层主要物种的Spearman秩相关检分析注编号对应物种见表2;*P<0.05

Fig. 2 Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of dominant herbaceous species Species numbers are shown in Table 2; *P<0.05

表7 群落稳定性分析结果（M. Godron法）

Table 7 Results of community stability (M. Godron’s method)

曲线类型 Type of curve	决定系数 Determination coefficient (R²)	交点坐标 Nodal corrdinate		测度结果 Measurement results
曲线类型 Type of curve	决定系数 Determination coefficient (R²)	x	y	测度结果 Measurement results
y= -0.0049x²+ 1.6092x-12.703	0.9918	47.42	52.58	不稳定 Unstable

表8 云南松林下草本植物的RDA排序

Table 8 RDA ordination of understory herbaceous in Pinus yunnanensis forests

项目 Item	第1轴 Axis 1	第2轴 Axis 2	第3轴 Axis 3	第4轴 Axis 4
特征值 Eigenvalue	0.48	0.17	0.10	0.09
物种-环境相关系数 Species-environment correlation coefficient	0.97	0.89	0.99	0.90
物种环境关系的累积解释 Cumulative percentage variance of species-environment relation	47.98	64.72	75.09	83.89
特征值总和 Sum of eigenvalues	1
典型特征值总和 Sum of canonical eigenvalues	0.84
第一典范轴的显著性测验 Significant test of the first canonical axis	F=7.38, P=0.01
所有典范轴的显著性测验 Significant test of all canonical axes	F=4.06, P=0.004

表9 冗余分析（RDA）中环境因子对草本植物群落组成的解释率

Table 9 Contribution of significant environmental factors affecting herbaceous community composition in redundancy analysis (RDA)

环境因子 Environment factors	解释率 Contribution/%	F	P
pH (pH)	17.2	4.8	0.006**
坡向 Slope aspect (SA)	9.6	2.9	0.02*
电导率 Electric conductivity (EC)	5.8	1.8	0.08*
容重 Soil bulk density (SBD)	4.5	1.4	0.22
有机质 Soil organic matter (SOM)	8.2	2.8	0.04*
全氮 Total nitrogen (TN)	5.1	1.8	0.13
郁闭度 Canopy closure（CC）	7.0	2.8	0.05
有效氮 Available nitrogen (AN)	6.8	3.0	0.60
土壤含水量 Soil water content (SWC)	3.4	1.6	0.21
凋落物厚度 Litter thickness (LT)	4.9	2.5	0.08
有效钾 Available potassium (AK)	3	1.6	0.21
坡度 Slope (S)	2.5	1.3	0.26
海拔 Altitude (A)	1.5	0.8	0.48
全磷 Total phosphorus (TP)	6.6	4.7	0.02*
全钾 Total potassium (TK)	2.8	2.3	0.13
有效磷 Available phosphorus (AP)	0.3	0.2	0.90

图3 草本植物与环境因子的RDA排序图绿色箭头线段表示环境因子;编号对应物种见表2;环境因子简写详见表9

Fig. 3 RDA plot of herbaceous species and environmental factors The green arrow lines represent environmental factors. Species numbers are shown in Table 2. Abbreviation of environmental factors are the same as in Table 9

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楚雄市西郊云南松林下草本优势种种间联结及环境解释

Interspecific Association and Environmental Interpretation of Dominant Herbaceous Species in Pinus yunnanensis Forest in the Western Suburbs of Chuxiong City

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