不同粒径的聚乙烯微塑料对玉米和黄瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.023

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1263-1271.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.023

不同粒径的聚乙烯微塑料对玉米和黄瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

刘晓红¹(), 刘柳青青¹, 栗敏¹, 刘强¹, 曹东东¹, 郑浩¹^,², 罗先香¹^,²^,^*()

1.中国海洋大学近海环境污染控制研究所/海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛 266100
2.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2022-01-22 出版日期:2022-06-18 发布日期:2022-07-29
通讯作者: *罗先香,E-mail: lxx81875@ouc.edu.cn
作者简介:刘晓红（1994生）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为新型污染物的生态毒性效应。E-mail: 1071345880@qq.com
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(ZR2021JQ13);国家自然科学基金项目(42077115)

Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics with Different Particle Sizes on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Maize and Cucumber

LIU Xiaohong¹(), LIU Liuqingqing¹, LI Min¹, LIU Qiang¹, CAO Dongdong¹, ZHENG Hao¹^,², LUO Xianxiang¹^,²^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education/Institute of Offshore Environmental Pollution Control, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
2. Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-22 Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,微塑料（MPs）对土壤生态系统的污染和危害备受关注。聚乙烯（PE）微塑料对农作物生长发育的影响主要聚焦于粒径和浓度效应,但粒径和浓度的交互作用对植物的生长的影响知之甚少。该研究通过发芽试验和盆栽实验探究了3种粒径（13、58、178 μm）PE微塑料在不同质量分数（0、0.1%、0.5%、1%、2%）下对玉米（Zea mays L.）和黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）种子发芽、幼苗生长及根系形态的影响。结果表明,3种粒径的PE微塑料均不同程度地降低了玉米和黄瓜种子的发芽势和芽长,种子活力指数下降;对于幼苗生长,除了0.1%的PE13显著增加了玉米株高,0.1%和0.5%的PE13显著增加了玉米根体积和根表面积外,3种粒径的PE均不同程度地抑制了玉米和黄瓜幼苗的生长。双因素方差分析结果显示PE粒径、质量分数和二者交互作用均显著影响玉米种子的发芽,且质量分数效应更显著,而PE对黄瓜种子发芽仅存在质量分数效应;PE对玉米幼苗的株高、黄瓜地下部鲜质量和干质量以及玉米的根尖数具有更显著的粒径效应。RDA分析结果也显示,PE对玉米和黄瓜种子的萌发、幼苗的生长和黄瓜的根系形态存在显著的粒径效应和质量分数效应,PE粒径越大和质量分数越大其抑制作用越显著;PE的浸出物重金属Zn和Cu以及有机添加剂对玉米和黄瓜种子的萌发、幼苗的生长和根系形态均有不同程度的负面效应。

关键词: 聚乙烯微塑料, 粒径, 交互作用, 种子发芽, 幼苗生长, 根系形态

Abstract:

In recent years, the pollution and hazard of microplastics (MPs) to soil ecosystem have attracted much attention. Research on the effects of polyethylene (PE) microplastics on crop growth and development mainly focused on particle sizes and concentrations, but the interaction between particle sizes and concentrations on plant growth is poorly understood. In this study, the effects of PE microplastics with different particle sizes (13, 58 and 178 μm) at different mass fractions (0, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%) on seed germination, seedling growth and root morphology of maize (Zea mays L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were investigated through the seed germination and pot experiment. The results showed that PE microplastics with three particle sizes reduced the germination potential and shoot length of maize and cucumber seeds to some extent, and decreased the seed vigor index. For seedling growth, except that 0.1% PE13 significantly increased the plant height of maize, and 0.1% and 0.5% PE13 significantly increased the root volume and root surface area of maize, all three particle sizes of PE inhibited the growth of maize and cucumber seedlings to varying degrees. The results of two-way ANOVA showed that PE particle sizes, PE mass fractions and their interaction significantly affected the germination of maize seeds, and the effect of mass fraction was more significant, while PE only had the mass fraction effect on the germination of cucumber seeds. PE showed a more significant particle size effect on plant height, fresh and dry mass of cucumber underground and root tip number of maize. RDA analysis also showed that PE had significant particle size and mass fraction effects on seed germination, seedling growth and root morphology of maize and cucumber, and PE with larger particle sizes and higher mass fractions had negative effects on seed germination, seedling growth and root morphology of maize and cucumber. Heavy metals Zn, Cu and organic additives leached from PE had negative effects on seed germination, seedling growth and root morphology of maize and cucumber.

Key words: polyethylene microplastics, particle size, interaction, seed germination, seedling growth, root morphology

中图分类号:

X171.5

刘晓红, 刘柳青青, 栗敏, 刘强, 曹东东, 郑浩, 罗先香. 不同粒径的聚乙烯微塑料对玉米和黄瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1263-1271.

LIU Xiaohong, LIU Liuqingqing, LI Min, LIU Qiang, CAO Dongdong, ZHENG Hao, LUO Xianxiang. Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics with Different Particle Sizes on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Maize and Cucumber[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(6): 1263-1271.

图/表 6

图1 PE表面特征扫描电镜图（a—f）和X射线光电子能谱全程谱图（g—i）

Figure 1 Scanning electron microscopy (a to f) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (g to i) of surface characteristics of PE

表1 PE微塑料的物理化学性质

Table1 The physicochemical properties of PE microplastics

处理 Treatment	pH	ρ_(DOC)/(mg∙L^-1)	ρ_(Cd)/(μg∙L^-1)	ρ_(Pb)/(μg∙L^-1)	ρ_(Cr)/(μg∙L^-1)	ρ_(Cu)/(μg∙L^-1)	ρ_(Zn)/(μg∙L^-1)
CK	7.08±0.55b	1.03±0.04a	0.32±0.04ab	0.34±0.07a	10.11±0.82a	1.54±0.16a	16.32±2.51a
PE13	6.87±0.25b	2.05±0.12b	0.38±0.07ab	0.46±0.20a	10.19±0.96a	2.48±0.67b	74.69±26.16b
PE58	5.59±0.03a	2.82±0.42c	0.50±0.18b	0.97±0.29b	13.71±0.09b	2.61±0.40b	101.27±15.46b
PE178	6.67±0.14b	1.39±0.20a	0.23±0.01a	0.37±0.06a	9.88±0.55a	1.89±0.27ab	195.97±18.73c

图2 PE对玉米（a、c、e、g）和黄瓜（b、d、f、h）种子萌发的影响 n=4;图中用小写字母表示相同粒径不同质量分数处理组间的差异检验,小写字母完全不同时,处理组间差异显著（P<0.05）,下同

Figure 2 Effects of PE on seed germination of maize (a, c, e, g) and cucumber (b, d, f, h) n=4; Lowercase letters were used in the figure to indicate the difference test between the treatment groups with the same particle size and different mass fractions. When the lowercase letters were completely different, there was significant difference between the treatment groups (P<0.05) The same below

图3 PE对玉米（a、c、e）和黄瓜（b、d、f）幼苗生长的影响

Figure 3 Effects of PE on seedling growth of maize (a, c, e) and cucumber (b, d, f) n=3. The same below

图4 PE对玉米和黄瓜根系形态的影响

Figure 4 Effects of PE on root morphology of maize and cucumber

图5 PE特性与玉米（a）和黄瓜（b）种子发芽、幼苗生长状况的冗余分析

Figure 5 Characteristics of PE and redundancy analysis of seed germination and seedling growth of maize (a) and cucumber (b)

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不同粒径的聚乙烯微塑料对玉米和黄瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics with Different Particle Sizes on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Maize and Cucumber

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