生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 370-379.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.018
上官宇先1,2(), 尹宏亮1,2, 徐懿1,3, 钟红梅1,3, 何明江1,2, 秦鱼生1,2,*, 郭松1,2, 喻华1,2
收稿日期:
2021-08-17
出版日期:
2022-02-18
发布日期:
2022-04-14
通讯作者:
*作者简介:
上官宇先(1987年生),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事农业土壤环境研究。E-mail: 396478825@qq.com
基金资助:
SHANG GUAN Yuxian1,2(), YIN Hongliang1,2, XU Yi1,3, ZHONG Hongmei1,3, HE Mingjiang1,2, QIN Yusheng1,2,*, GUO Song1,2, YU Hua1,2
Received:
2021-08-17
Online:
2022-02-18
Published:
2022-04-14
摘要:
在土壤镉污染日趋加重的背景下,镉污染农田生产安全性备受关注,进行土壤镉污染修复和降低农产品镉污染风险成为相关领域的研究重点。该研究通过田间试验揭示不同钝化剂处理(海泡石、秸秆生物炭、石灰、石灰+腐殖酸、石灰+海泡石、石灰+偏硅酸钠+硫酸镁)对土壤镉及小麦和水稻吸收镉的影响,并比较钝化剂对降低小麦和水稻镉污染风险效果的差异。结果表明,石灰+腐殖酸(施用质量比为2:1)能使小麦田土壤pH提升16.8%,单施石灰使水稻田土壤pH提升3.7%;石灰+偏硅酸钠+硫酸镁(施用质量比为20:4:1)使小麦籽粒镉含量降低25.8%;单施秸秆生物炭能够使小麦秸秆镉含量降低18.3%;石灰+海泡石(施用质量比为2:15)能使水稻籽粒镉含量降低72.8%,水稻秸秆镉含量降低28.0%。从不同钝化材料对小麦和水稻镉转移系数的影响来看,石灰+腐殖酸(施用质量比为2:1)能够同时降低小麦和水稻对镉的转移系数,降幅分别为39.7%和28.0%,对两种作物而言是降低镉转移系数的最佳钝化材料。经过对小麦、水稻籽粒和秸秆镉含量的相关性分析可知,小麦籽粒镉含量与秸秆镉含量呈幂函数关系,籽粒镉含量随秸秆镉含量的升高而缓慢增加;水稻籽粒镉含量与秸秆镉含量呈线性正相关关系。选用适当的钝化材料并进行适当处理能够有效降低小麦与水稻籽粒中的镉含量,降低污染风险,同时还可以改善土壤理化性状,起到修复受污染土壤的作用。
中图分类号:
上官宇先, 尹宏亮, 徐懿, 钟红梅, 何明江, 秦鱼生, 郭松, 喻华. 不同钝化剂对水稻小麦籽粒镉吸收的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 370-379.
SHANG GUAN Yuxian, YIN Hongliang, XU Yi, ZHONG Hongmei, HE Mingjiang, QIN Yusheng, GUO Song, YU Hua. Effects of Different Passivators on Cadmium Absorption in Rice and Wheat Grains[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 370-379.
处理 Treatments | pH | w(OM)/ (g∙kg-1) | w(TCd)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(ACd)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(AP)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(ACu)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(AZn)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(AMn)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(AFe)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(AK)/ (mg∙kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小麦Wheat | 6.6 | 46.03 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 20.20 | 9.94 | 3.77 | 17.93 | 175.50 | 62.60 |
水稻Rice | 7.3 | 49.90 | 0.35 | 0.19 | 23.03 | 6.79 | 1.84 | 9.10 | 88.97 | 67.13 |
表1 实验田土壤理化性质
Table 1 The soil physicochemical properties of the test field
处理 Treatments | pH | w(OM)/ (g∙kg-1) | w(TCd)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(ACd)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(AP)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(ACu)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(AZn)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(AMn)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(AFe)/ (mg∙kg-1) | w(AK)/ (mg∙kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小麦Wheat | 6.6 | 46.03 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 20.20 | 9.94 | 3.77 | 17.93 | 175.50 | 62.60 |
水稻Rice | 7.3 | 49.90 | 0.35 | 0.19 | 23.03 | 6.79 | 1.84 | 9.10 | 88.97 | 67.13 |
处理 Treatments | w(OM)/(g∙kg-1) | w(AP)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(ACu)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AZn)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AMn)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AFe)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AK)/(mg∙kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照CK | 41.5±7.3a | 12.2+0.1a | 6.1+1.7a | 1.4+0.1c | 15.3±2.6a | 25.8+4.4c | 66.3±26.5a |
海泡石 Speiolite | 54.1±14.3a | 21.9+6.6a | 8.2+1.2a | 2.3+1.0b | 26.1±4.1a | 128.5+12.5a | 55.4±10.0b |
秸秆生物炭 Straw biochar | 55.9±15.2a | 6.7+3.9a | 6.8+1.4a | 3.2+0.1a | 13.5±5.4a | 36.1+10.1c | 75.4±11.3a |
石灰 Lime | 46.1±3.7a | 22.8+9.5a | 7.5+2.8a | 2.9+0.4ab | 20.7±13.2a | 73.3+20.5b | 45.3±10.6b |
石灰+腐殖酸 Lime+Humic acid | 41.8±5.0a | 28.5+10.6a | 8.5+0.4a | 0.9+0.1c | 24.6±12.7a | 71.7+20.5b | 49.6±10.2b |
石灰+海泡石 Lime+Speiolite | 46.8±2.0a | 7.3+2.3a | 7.0+0.4a | 1.2+0.1c | 19.8±3.1a | 33.9+6.4c | 44.4±3.6b |
石灰+偏硅酸钠+七水硫酸镁 Lime+Sodium metasilicate+ Magnesium sulfat heptahydrate | 43.1±2.4a | 21.3+13.3a | 9.5+2.6a | 1.5+0.4c | 25.0±4.2a | 44.4+14.8c | 50.6±11.8b |
表2 试验后小麦土壤理化性质
Table 2 The soil physicochemical properties of the wheat test field
处理 Treatments | w(OM)/(g∙kg-1) | w(AP)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(ACu)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AZn)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AMn)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AFe)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AK)/(mg∙kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照CK | 41.5±7.3a | 12.2+0.1a | 6.1+1.7a | 1.4+0.1c | 15.3±2.6a | 25.8+4.4c | 66.3±26.5a |
海泡石 Speiolite | 54.1±14.3a | 21.9+6.6a | 8.2+1.2a | 2.3+1.0b | 26.1±4.1a | 128.5+12.5a | 55.4±10.0b |
秸秆生物炭 Straw biochar | 55.9±15.2a | 6.7+3.9a | 6.8+1.4a | 3.2+0.1a | 13.5±5.4a | 36.1+10.1c | 75.4±11.3a |
石灰 Lime | 46.1±3.7a | 22.8+9.5a | 7.5+2.8a | 2.9+0.4ab | 20.7±13.2a | 73.3+20.5b | 45.3±10.6b |
石灰+腐殖酸 Lime+Humic acid | 41.8±5.0a | 28.5+10.6a | 8.5+0.4a | 0.9+0.1c | 24.6±12.7a | 71.7+20.5b | 49.6±10.2b |
石灰+海泡石 Lime+Speiolite | 46.8±2.0a | 7.3+2.3a | 7.0+0.4a | 1.2+0.1c | 19.8±3.1a | 33.9+6.4c | 44.4±3.6b |
石灰+偏硅酸钠+七水硫酸镁 Lime+Sodium metasilicate+ Magnesium sulfat heptahydrate | 43.1±2.4a | 21.3+13.3a | 9.5+2.6a | 1.5+0.4c | 25.0±4.2a | 44.4+14.8c | 50.6±11.8b |
处理 Treatments | w(OM)/(g∙kg-1) | w(AP)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(ACu)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AZn)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AMn)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AFe)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AK)/(mg∙kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照CK | 55.8±0.7a | 11.6+0.8ab | 8.2±1.3a | 2.4±0.5a | 10.6±1.5a | 58.0+0.4b | 73.4±5.5a |
海泡石 Speiolite | 55.8±8.0a | 11.1+2.8ab | 7.8±0.6a | 2.5±0.1a | 11.3±1.2a | 64.5+6.8b | 65.6±1.4a |
秸秆生物炭 Straw biochar | 47.9±1.4ab | 8.8+2.7b | 5.7±0.7b | 1.8±0.4b | 6.7±0.9b | 118.0+6.0a | 62.4±11.7a |
石灰 Lime | 56.1±4.0a | 11.8+3.8ab | 7.0±0.7ab | 2.0±0.2ab | 10.9±1.8a | 62.2+2.3b | 62.5±9.7a |
石灰+腐殖酸 Lime+Humic acid | 50.3±4.8ab | 12.9+2.4ab | 5.8±0.9b | 1.6±0.4b | 6.8±2.2b | 112.5+7.5a | 61.8±2.3a |
石灰+海泡石 Lime+Speiolite | 50.2±0.8ab | 16.9+8.4a | 7.2±0.9ab | 1.9±0.5ab | 10.4±0.6ab | 66.1+18.8b | 69.5±4.7a |
石灰+偏硅酸钠+七水硫酸镁 Lime+Sodium metasilicate+ Magnesium sulfat heptahydrate | 45.8±8.2b | 7.4+3.7b | 5.9±1.4b | 1.4±0.4b | 9.7±4.1ab | 54.2+8.0b | 68.8±2.8a |
表3 试验后水稻土壤理化性质
Table 3 The soil physicochemical properties of the rice test field
处理 Treatments | w(OM)/(g∙kg-1) | w(AP)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(ACu)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AZn)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AMn)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AFe)/(mg∙kg-1) | w(AK)/(mg∙kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照CK | 55.8±0.7a | 11.6+0.8ab | 8.2±1.3a | 2.4±0.5a | 10.6±1.5a | 58.0+0.4b | 73.4±5.5a |
海泡石 Speiolite | 55.8±8.0a | 11.1+2.8ab | 7.8±0.6a | 2.5±0.1a | 11.3±1.2a | 64.5+6.8b | 65.6±1.4a |
秸秆生物炭 Straw biochar | 47.9±1.4ab | 8.8+2.7b | 5.7±0.7b | 1.8±0.4b | 6.7±0.9b | 118.0+6.0a | 62.4±11.7a |
石灰 Lime | 56.1±4.0a | 11.8+3.8ab | 7.0±0.7ab | 2.0±0.2ab | 10.9±1.8a | 62.2+2.3b | 62.5±9.7a |
石灰+腐殖酸 Lime+Humic acid | 50.3±4.8ab | 12.9+2.4ab | 5.8±0.9b | 1.6±0.4b | 6.8±2.2b | 112.5+7.5a | 61.8±2.3a |
石灰+海泡石 Lime+Speiolite | 50.2±0.8ab | 16.9+8.4a | 7.2±0.9ab | 1.9±0.5ab | 10.4±0.6ab | 66.1+18.8b | 69.5±4.7a |
石灰+偏硅酸钠+七水硫酸镁 Lime+Sodium metasilicate+ Magnesium sulfat heptahydrate | 45.8±8.2b | 7.4+3.7b | 5.9±1.4b | 1.4±0.4b | 9.7±4.1ab | 54.2+8.0b | 68.8±2.8a |
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