旱作条件下氮肥减施对水稻生长、产量与经济收益的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 2150-2156.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.005

旱作条件下氮肥减施对水稻生长、产量与经济收益的影响

朱勇勇¹^,²(), 宋秉羲³, 杨王敏³, 张宇鹏³^,⁴, 高志红³^,⁴, 陈晓远³^,⁴^,^*()

1.喀什大学生命与地理科学学院,新疆喀什 844000
2.喀什大学新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室,新疆喀什 844000
3.韶关学院英东生物与农业学院,广东韶关 512005
4.粤北水土资源高效利用工程技术研究中心,广东韶关 512005

出版日期:2021-11-18 发布日期:2021-12-29
通讯作者: * 陈晓远（1968年生）,男,教授,博士,研究方向为作物水分养分高效利用。E-mail: chenxy2@163.com
作者简介:朱勇勇（1994年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物水分高效利用。E-mail: yyongzhubio@163.com
基金资助:
广东省科技计划项目(韶科[2018]118号);广东省科技计划项目(2019B121201004);广东省教育厅普通高校重点科研平台和项目(2020KCXTD037);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目;韶关学院国家级大学生创新训练计划项目(202110576016);广东省自然科学基金项目(2018A030307075);2021年广东省科技创新战略专项资金项目(pdjh2021b0455)

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Rice Growth, Yield and Economy Profits under Dry Farming Conditions

ZHU Yongyong¹^,²(), SONG Bingxi³, YANG Wangmin³, ZHANG Yupeng³^,⁴, GAO Zhihong³^,⁴, CHEN Xiaoyuan³^,⁴^,^*()

1. College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
3. Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005 China
4. Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources in North Guangdong, Shaoguan 512005 China

Online:2021-11-18 Published:2021-12-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨旱作条件下减量施用氮肥对水稻生长、产量及经济收益的效应,以水稻品种美香粘为材料,设置常规淹水施氮（216 kg∙hm^-2,CK）、旱作施氮（216 kg∙hm^-2,H0）、旱作减氮10%（194.4 kg∙hm^-2,H10）、旱作减氮20%（172.8 kg∙hm^-2,H20）、旱作减氮40%（129.6 kg∙hm^-2,H40）5个处理,研究不同水分条件和氮肥减施对水稻株高、叶面积、分蘖数、产量等的影响。结果表明,在旱作条件下,水稻株高随氮肥减施量的增加而降低,减施10%处理降幅最小（2.70%）,差异不显著;减施40%处理降幅最大（19.92%）,差异显著。氮肥减施抑制叶面积扩展,随着氮肥减施量的增加,叶面积减小,其中减施10%处理下降8.98%,差异不显著;减施40%处理下降30.32%,差异显著。氮肥减施使分蘖数明显减少,减施越多,分蘖数下降越多,其中减施10%处理下降13.86%,差异不显著,减施40%处理下降51.71%,差异显著。在氮肥不减施条件下,水稻旱作与常规淹水种植相比,产量下降2.38%,差异不显著。在旱作条件下,氮肥减施使产量降低,但减施10%和20%处理仅分别下降0.35%和1.05%,差异不显著。研究表明,水稻旱作处理的经济收益均大于常规淹水种植,在旱作条件下,与常规施氮量相比,减施10%可以获得较好的产量和经济收益。

关键词: 水稻, 旱作, 施氮量, 氮肥减施, 产量, 经济收益

Abstract:

To explore the effect of reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer on rice growth and economy profits under dry farming conditions, taking rice variety Meixiangzhan as materials, five treatments were conducted to study the effects of different water conditions and reduced nitrogen application on rice plant height, leaf area, tiller number, yield, etc. The experiment treatments included: flooded nitrogen application (216 kg∙hm^-2, CK), dry nitrogen application (216 kg∙hm^-2, H0), dry farming reduces nitrogen by 10% (194.4 kg∙hm^-2, H10), dry farming reduces nitrogen by 20% (172.8 kg∙hm^-2, H20) and dry farming reduces nitrogen by 40% (129.6 kg∙hm^-2, H40). The results showed that, compared with dry farming conditions and flooding conditions, the reduction in rice plant height was not significant. Under dry farming conditions, the height of rice plants decreased with the increase of the reduced amount of nitrogen fertilizer. 10% reduction was the least reduction with 2.70% reduction, the difference was not significant. 40% reduction in fertilization reduced the most with 19.92% reduction, and the difference was significant. The reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the expansion of leaf area. With the increase of the reduced amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the leaf area decreased. Among them, 10% reduction in fertilization reduced by 8.98%, the difference was not significant, and 40% reduction in fertilization was reduced by 30.32%, which was a significant difference. The reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced the number of tillers, and the more reduced application, the greater the reduction of tillers. Among them, 10% reduction in fertilization reduced by 13.86%, the difference was not significant, and 40% reduction in fertilization reduced by 51.71%, the difference was significant. The yield of rice dry farming was reduced by 2.38% compared with conventional flooded cultivation, and the reduction was not significant. Under dry farming conditions, the reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the yield, but the reduced application of 10% and 20% only reduced 0.35% and 1.05%, and the impact was not significant. The results of the study show that the economy profits of rice dry farming are greater than conventional flooding. Under dry farming conditions, compared with conventional nitrogen application, 10% reduction in nitrogen application can obtain better yields and economy profits.

Key words: rice, dry farming, nitrogen application amount, reduced nitrogen application, yield, economy profits

中图分类号:

朱勇勇, 宋秉羲, 杨王敏, 张宇鹏, 高志红, 陈晓远. 旱作条件下氮肥减施对水稻生长、产量与经济收益的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(11): 2150-2156.

ZHU Yongyong, SONG Bingxi, YANG Wangmin, ZHANG Yupeng, GAO Zhihong, CHEN Xiaoyuan. Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Rice Growth, Yield and Economy Profits under Dry Farming Conditions[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(11): 2150-2156.

图/表 8

表1 试验地土壤基本理化性状

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil in experimental areas

项目 Item	测定值 Measured value
pH	5.83
w_(OM)/(g·kg^-1)	44.50
w_(NH4+-N)/(mg·kg^-1)	17.77
w_(NO3--N)/(mg·kg^-1)	18.84
w_(AN)/(mg·kg^-1)	123.48
w_(OP)/(mg·kg^-1)	118.95
w_(AK)/(mg·kg^-1)	210.80

表2 试验处理

Table 2 Treatments of the experiment

处理 Treatment	N用量 N dosage/ (kg·hm^-2)	P₂O₅用量 P₂O₅ dosage/ (kg·hm^-2)	K₂O用量 K₂O dosage/ (kg·hm^-2)	种植方式 Planting mode
CK	216	112.5	112.5	常规淹水种植 Conventional flooded planting
H0	216	112.5	112.5	旱作 Dry farming
H10	194.4	112.5	112.5	旱作 Dry farming
H20	172.8	112.5	112.5	旱作 Dry farming
H40	129.6	112.5	112.5	旱作 Dry farming

图1 不同氮肥减施处理对水稻株高的影响 CK：常规淹水施氮;H0：旱作减氮0%;H10：旱作减氮10%;H20：旱作减氮20%;H40：旱作减氮40%;不同小写字母表示不同处理间存在显著差异（P<0.05, n=3）。下同

Fig. 1 Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatments on rice plant height CK: Conventional flooding of nitrogen; H0: Dry farming reduces nitrogen by 0%; H10: Dry farming reduces nitrogen by 10%; H20: Dry farming reduces nitrogen by 20%; H40: Dry farming reduces nitrogen by 40%; n=3; Different lowercase letters indicated that there was significant difference among different treatments (P<0.05, n=3). The same below

图2 不同氮肥减施处理对水稻叶面积的影响

Fig. 2 Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatments on rice leaf area

图3 不同氮肥减施处理对水稻分蘖数的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatments on rice tiller number

表3 不同氮肥减施处理对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

Table 3 Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatments on rice yield and its components

处理 Treatment	单位面积株数 Number of plants per unit area	有效穗数 Number of productive ear	千粒重 1000-grainweight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)
CK	40.50±2.12a	19.00±1.41a	24.17±1.01a	12894.74±131.58a
H0	39.50±3.54a	18.50±2.12ab	23.94±0.72a	12587.72±303.87ab
H10	37.00±1.41a	13.00±2.83bc	23.48±0.49a	12543.86±151.94ab
H20	26.50±2.12b	12.00±2.83c	22.91±0.36ab	12456.14±724.68ab
H40	24.50±0.71b	11.50±0.71c	22.15±0.63b	12061.40±200.98b

表4 不同氮肥减施处理对水稻经济收益的影响

Table 4 Effect of different nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatments on economic profits of rice

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/ (kg·hm^-2)	产值 Output value/ (yuan·hm^-2)	成本 Cost/ (yuan·hm^-2)	经济收益 Production profits/(yuan·hm^-2)
CK	12894.74	34815.798	6422.12	28393.68
H0	12587.72	33986.844	3422.12	30564.72
H10	12543.86	33868.422	3300.03	30568.39
H20	12456.14	33631.578	3177.95	30453.63
H40	12061.40	32565.78	2933.77	29632.01

图4 水稻旱作条件下施氮量与经济收益的关系

Fig. 4 Relationship between nitrogen application amount and economy profits under dry farming conditions of rice

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旱作条件下氮肥减施对水稻生长、产量与经济收益的影响

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Rice Growth, Yield and Economy Profits under Dry Farming Conditions

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