稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤Cd形态转化和微生物群落的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.019

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 380-390.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.019

稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤Cd形态转化和微生物群落的影响

梅闯¹(), 蔡昆争¹, 黎紫珊², 徐美丽², 黄飞¹^,²^,^*()

1.华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州 510542
2.广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州 510006

收稿日期:2022-01-10 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2022-04-14
通讯作者: *黄飞,E-mail: feihuang2011@163.com
作者简介:梅闯（1995年生）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事重金属污染土壤修复研究。E-mail: chuangm1230@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41977116)

Effects of Rice-straw Biochar on the Transformation of Cadmium Fractions and Microbial Community in Paddy Soils

MEI Chuang¹(), CAI Kunzheng¹, LI Zishan², XU Meili², HUANG Fei¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-10 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明稻秆生物炭介导土壤Cd形态转化过程中化学性质与微生物群落多样性变化特征,通过室内培养实际污染土壤实验,研究施加稻秆生物炭对土壤Cd形态、pH值、阳离子交换量（CEC）、有机质（SOM）、碱解氮（AN）、有效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）含量,以及土壤蔗糖酶（CA）、脲酶（UA）、过氧化氢酶（IA）活性等的影响特征,并通过高通量测序手段揭示土壤细菌和真菌群落结构组成与多样性的变化规律。结果表明,稻秆生物炭能够显著降低土壤中酸提取态Cd含量（23.19%）,增加残渣态Cd含量（28.42%）,促进Cd形态由不稳定态向稳定态转化。生物炭在不同程度上提高土壤pH、CEC、SOM、AN、AP和AK含量,其中SOM和AK含量增幅最显著,分别达到48.42%和81.28%。生物炭的添加显著影响土壤细菌和真菌群落中的优势类群丰度,其中Bacillus、Streptomyces、Aspergillus等与重金属形态有关的功能菌种丰度增加,细菌群落相较于真菌群落可能更容易受到环境因子的影响;影响土壤Cd形态转化的关键因素主要包括土壤pH值、SOM和AK以及细菌群落。稻秆生物炭主要通过影响土壤pH值、有机质、速效钾含量以及土壤中细菌群落多样性与优势类群丰度,进而促进Cd形态由不稳定态向稳定态转化,降低重金属污染程度。该研究结果可为重金属污染土壤修复实践提供理论参考。

关键词: 生物炭, Cd形态, 化学性质, 养分元素, 微生物群落, 功能菌种

Abstract:

To investigate the characteristics of chemical properties and microbial community diversity in the process of rice straw biochar-mediated transformation of soil Cd fractions, the effects of rice-straw biochar on soil Cd-fractions, pH value, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorous (AP), available potassium (AK) content, and soil invertase, urease, catalase activities were investigated through an in-lab incubation experiment on actual contaminated soil, and through high-throughput sequencing methods. Changes in the composition and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities were revealed. Results showed that the addition of rice-straw biochar significantly decreased the content of HOAc-extract Cd by 23.19%, and increased residual Cd content by 28.42%, facilitating the transformation of Cd from an unstable to a stable state. Biochar increased soil pH and CEC, SOM, AN, AP, AK content to different degrees, among which the contents of SOM and AK increased most significantly, reaching 48.42% and 81.28%, respectively. Biochar application significantly influenced the abundance of dominant taxa in the bacterial and fungal communities, especially Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Aspergillus, which were associated with Cd-factions. Soil bacterial communities may be more susceptible to changes of environmental factors compared with fungal communities. The key factors affecting the transformation of Cd fractions mainly included soil pH, SOM and AK, and bacterial community. In summary, rice-straw biochar can promote the transformation of Cd-factions in soil from an unstable to a stable state by affecting soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities, and abundance of dominant taxa, thus reducing the availability of Cd. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the remediation practice of heavy metal contaminated soil.

Key words: biochar, Cd-fractions, chemical properties, available content, microbial community, functional strains

中图分类号:

梅闯, 蔡昆争, 黎紫珊, 徐美丽, 黄飞. 稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤Cd形态转化和微生物群落的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 380-390.

MEI Chuang, CAI Kunzheng, LI Zishan, XU Meili, HUANG Fei. Effects of Rice-straw Biochar on the Transformation of Cadmium Fractions and Microbial Community in Paddy Soils[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 380-390.

图/表 9

图1 生物炭对Cd形态含量的影响

Figure 1 Influence of biochar additions on Cd-fractions content

图2 生物炭对土壤化学性质的影响

Figure 2 Influence of biochar additions on soil chemical properties

表1 各指标对Cd形态影响的解释度

Table 1 Explanation of the influence of each index on Cd fractions

指标 Index	解释度 Explains/%	F检验 Pseudo-F	P值 P value
SOM	92.5	123	0.002
AK	60.3	15.2	0.004
pH	41.2	7	0.018
CEC	28.6	4	0.066
AP	19.2	2.4	0.166
AN	12.4	1.4	0.228

图4 生物炭对土壤酶活性的影响

Figure 4 Influence of biochar additions on enzyme activities in soil

图5 生物炭对微生物多样性指数的影响

Figure 5 Influence of biochar additions on the diversity indices of microbe in soil

图6 门水平上土壤优势细菌和真菌的相对丰度变化

Figure 6 Relative abundance of soil dominant microbe community at the phylum level

图7 属水平上土壤优势细菌和真菌的相对丰度变化

Figure 7 Relative abundance of soil dominant microbe community at the genus level

图8 细菌和真菌群落与环境因子的Mantel test分析酸提取态Cd（F1Cd）,可还原态Cd（F2Cd）,可氧化态Cd（F3Cd）,残渣态Cd（F4Cd）,阳离子交换量（CEC）,土壤有机质（SOM）,碱解氮（AN）,有效磷（AP）,速效钾（AK）,氧化还原酶活性（CA）,脲酶活性（UA）,蔗糖酶活性（IA）。下同 The same below

Figure 8 Relationships between soil variables and microbial community structures

图9 门水平上土壤优势微生物类群与环境因子的Heatmap分析

Figure 9 Correlation heat map of bacterial phyla and of fungal phyla with soil properties

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稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤Cd形态转化和微生物群落的影响

Effects of Rice-straw Biochar on the Transformation of Cadmium Fractions and Microbial Community in Paddy Soils

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