水稻根茬还田对土壤及稻米中镉累积的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 363-369.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.017

水稻根茬还田对土壤及稻米中镉累积的影响

石含之¹^,²^,³(), 江棋¹^,²^,³(), 刘帆⁴, 文典¹^,²^,³, 黄永东¹^,²^,³, 邓腾灏博¹^,²^,³, 王旭¹^,²^,³, 徐爱平¹^,²^,³, 李富荣¹^,²^,³, 吴志超¹^,²^,³, 李梅霞¹^,²^,³, 彭锦芬¹^,²^,³, 杜瑞英¹^,²^,³^,^**()

1.广东省农业科学院农业质量标准与监测技术研究所,广东广州 510640
2.农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室（广州）,广东广州 510640
3.农业农村部农产品质量安全检测与评价重点实验室,广东广州 510640
4.广东省农业环境与耕地质量保护中心（广东省农业农村投资项目中心）,广东广州 510640

收稿日期:2021-08-26 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2022-04-14
通讯作者: **杜瑞英,E-mail: duruiying@163.com
作者简介:石含之（1989年生）女,助理研究员,博士,主要研究方向为受污染耕地安全利用。E-mail: 692874887@qq.com第一联系人：^*共同第一作者：江棋（1992年生）,男,实习研究员,硕士,主要研究方向为受污染耕地安全利用。E-mail: 1262790501@qq.com
基金资助:
国家农产品质量安全风险评估计划(GJFP2019036);广东省农业科学院院长基金项目(202017);广东省农业科学院农产品公共监测中心博士启动项目(ZXRC-201903);广东省省级现代农业产业技术体系-绿色发展共性关键技术研发创新团队(2021KJ112);国家自然科学基金项目(4180071811);广东省自然科学基金项目(2020A1515010819)

Effects of Returning Rice Stubble to Field on Cadmium Accumulation in Soil and Rice

SHI Hanzhi¹^,²^,³(), JIANG Qi¹^,²^,³(), LIU Fan⁴, WEN Dian¹^,²^,³, HUANG Yongdong¹^,²^,³, DENG Tenghaobo¹^,²^,³, WANG Xu¹^,²^,³, XU Aiping¹^,²^,³, LI Furong¹^,²^,³, WU Zhichao¹^,²^,³, LI Meixia¹^,²^,³, PENG Jinfen¹^,²^,³, DU Ruiying¹^,²^,³^,^**()

1. Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
2. Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, P. R.China
3. Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
4. Guangdong Provincial Center of Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Quality Protection (Guangdong Provincial Center of Agriculture and Rural Investment Project), Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China

Received:2021-08-26 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前中国红壤地区镉污染严重。水稻根茬还田一方面可以提高土壤肥力,另一方面会对土壤及作物中Cd产生影响。然而不同剂量根茬还田对土壤镉有效性及水稻镉吸收的影响尚不清楚。选取中国南方地区典型地带性土壤（红壤）,通过水稻盆栽试验,对比了CaCl₂提取法和薄膜梯度扩散技术（DGT法）两种土壤有效态Cd的测定方法,研究了不同剂量水稻根茬还田（质量分数分别为0.24%、0.48%、0.72%）下土壤及水稻中镉质量分数的变化及其影响因素。水稻根茬还田后,0.48%、0.72%处理中土壤有效态Cd质量分数较对照显著增加,增幅为8.2%—88.2%;3种剂量根茬还田,稻根Cd含量显著增加2.0—4.0倍;稻米中Cd含量随着根茬还田量的增加而呈现先降低后增加的趋势,根茬还田量为0.24%时,稻米Cd含量较对照降低30.6%,根茬还田量为0.72%时,稻米含量Cd显著增加54.2%（P<0.05）。根茬还田量高于0.48%会加剧稻米Cd污染风险。相关性分析显示,DGT和CaCl₂提取法测定的土壤有效态Cd含量呈极显著正相关（r=0.904,P<0.01）,且两种方法测定的土壤有效态Cd与稻米Cd均呈极显著正相关,表明DGT法能较好地预测Cd的生物有效性。土壤有机碳与稻米Cd呈显著负相关,稻米Cd均与土壤有效态Fe呈显著负相关,说明有机碳对Cd的吸附作用大于其还原溶解作用。该研究揭示了水稻根茬还田对土壤及稻米中Cd的影响因素,确定了根茬还田量的临界值,对实际生产中根茬还田处理具有指导意义。

关键词: 镉, 水稻, 累积, 根茬还田, 薄膜梯度扩散技术（DGT）

Abstract:

Cadmium pollution is serious in red soil area of China. Returning rice stubble to field can improve soil fertility, and it will affect Cd in soil and crops. However, the effects of different amounts of stubble treatments on Cd availability in soil and Cd uptake in rice are still unclear. In this study, a typical zonal soil (red soil) in southern China was selected. By pot experiment, two soil available Cd determination methods which were CaCl₂ extraction method and film gradient diffusion method (DGT method) were compared, and the changes and influencing factors of cadmium content in soil and rice effects of under different doses of rice stubble-returning (mass fraction: 0.24%, 0.48%, 0.72%) were studied. After returning rice stubble to field, soil available Cd content in 0.48% and 0.72% treatments increased significantly compared with the control, with an increase rate of 8.2%?88.2%. The content of Cd in rice roots increased by 2.0?4.0 times in stubble with three doses. The content of Cd in rice decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of stubble returning amount. When the stubble returning amount was 0.24%, the content of Cd in rice decreased 30.6% compared with the control, and when the stubble returning amount was 0.72%, the content of Cd in rice increased 54.2% significantly (P<0.05). When the amount of stubble returning to the field was higher than 0.48%, the risk of Cd pollution in rice was increased. Correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between soil available Cd contents determined by DGT and CaCl₂ extraction method (r=0.904, P<0.01), and there was a very significant positive correlation between soil available Cd contents determined by DGT and rice Cd, indicating that DGT method can better predict the bioavailability of Cd. There was a significant negative correlation between soil organic carbon and rice Cd, and there was a significant negative correlation between rice Cd and soil available Fe, indicating that the adsorption of organic carbon to Cd was greater than its reduction and dissolution. This study reveals the factors affecting Cd content in soil and rice, and finds out the critical value of the amount of root stubble returning, which has guiding significance for the actual production of root stubble returning.

Key words: Cadmium, rice straw, accumulation, rice stubble return, thin film gradient diffusion technique (DGT)

中图分类号:

石含之, 江棋, 刘帆, 文典, 黄永东, 邓腾灏博, 王旭, 徐爱平, 李富荣, 吴志超, 李梅霞, 彭锦芬, 杜瑞英. 水稻根茬还田对土壤及稻米中镉累积的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 363-369.

SHI Hanzhi, JIANG Qi, LIU Fan, WEN Dian, HUANG Yongdong, DENG Tenghaobo, WANG Xu, XU Aiping, LI Furong, WU Zhichao, LI Meixia, PENG Jinfen, DU Ruiying. Effects of Returning Rice Stubble to Field on Cadmium Accumulation in Soil and Rice[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 363-369.

图/表 6

参考文献 34

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处理 Treatments	pH	w_(SOM)/(g∙kg^-1)
CK	6.08±0.03ab	19.27±0.19a
RT-1	6.16±0.06a	21.14±0.25a
RT-2	6.12±0.07ab	19.92±0.18a
RT-3	6.05±0.06b	19.33±0.40a

处理 Treatments	pH	w_(SOM)/(g∙kg^-1)
CK	6.08±0.03ab	19.27±0.19a
RT-1	6.16±0.06a	21.14±0.25a
RT-2	6.12±0.07ab	19.92±0.18a
RT-3	6.05±0.06b	19.33±0.40a

处理 Treatments	w_{(total Cd)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(CaCl2-Fe) /(mg∙kg^-1)	w_(DGT-Fe)/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(CaCl2-Mn)/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(DGT-Mn)/ (mg∙kg^-1)
CK	0.46±0.02a	5.35±0.11a	0.22±0.00a	16.1±0.49a	0.21±0.03a
RT-1	0.47±0.04a	3.75±0.46b	0.20±0.01ab	12.5±1.06b	0.22±0.02a
RT-2	0.49±0.03a	4.28±0.14b	0.20±0.01b	14.4±1.93ab	0.20±0.00a
RT-3	0.52±0.04a	4.50±0.45ab	0.16±0.00c	13.8±1.18ab	0.20±0.03a

处理 Treatments	w_{(total Cd)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(CaCl2-Fe) /(mg∙kg^-1)	w_(DGT-Fe)/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(CaCl2-Mn)/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(DGT-Mn)/ (mg∙kg^-1)
CK	0.46±0.02a	5.35±0.11a	0.22±0.00a	16.1±0.49a	0.21±0.03a
RT-1	0.47±0.04a	3.75±0.46b	0.20±0.01ab	12.5±1.06b	0.22±0.02a
RT-2	0.49±0.03a	4.28±0.14b	0.20±0.01b	14.4±1.93ab	0.20±0.00a
RT-3	0.52±0.04a	4.50±0.45ab	0.16±0.00c	13.8±1.18ab	0.20±0.03a

类型 Type	DGT-Cd	CaCl₂-Cd	稻根Cd Cd_Root	稻米Cd Cd_rice	pH	有机质SOM	DGT-Fe	DGT-Mn	CaCl₂-Fe	CaCl₂-Mn
DGT-Cd	1
CaCl₂-Cd	0.904^**	1
稻根Cd Cd_Root	0.878^**	0.862^**	1
稻米Cd Cd_Rice	0.848^**	0.904^**	0.738^*	1
pH	-0.526	-0.589	-0.352	-0.723^*	1
有机质SOM	-0.491	-0.510	-0.162	-0.742^*	0.759^*	1
DGT-Fe	-0.896^**	-0.901^**	-0.968^**	-0.817^*	0.520	0.285	1
DGT-Mn	-0.234	-0.118	-0.056	0.103	-0.035	-0.155	0.002	1
CaCl₂-Fe	0.080	0.157	-0.331	0.271	-0.462	-0.675	0.165	-0.201	1
CaCl₂-Mn	0.041	-0.021	-0.349	0.262	-0.199	-0.674	0.283	-0.068	0.740^*	1

水稻根茬还田对土壤及稻米中镉累积的影响

Effects of Returning Rice Stubble to Field on Cadmium Accumulation in Soil and Rice

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