春小麦开花期光合参数对土壤水分和温度变化的响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1151-1159.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.010

春小麦开花期光合参数对土壤水分和温度变化的响应

雷俊¹^,²(), 张健³^,^*(), 赵福年¹, 齐月¹, 张秀云², 李强⁴, 尚军林²

1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州 730020
2.定西市气象局,甘肃定西 743000
3.定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃定西 743000
4.兰州资源环境职业技术大学,甘肃兰州 730021

收稿日期:2021-03-04 出版日期:2022-06-18 发布日期:2022-07-29
通讯作者: *张健（1978年生）,男,研究员,主要从事小麦新品种选育及示范推广工作。E-mail: zj0932@126.com
作者简介:雷俊（1985年生）,男,高级工程师,主要从事农业气象试验研究。E-mail: 75267630@163.com
基金资助:
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR7RA694);国家自然科学基金项目(41975016);国家自然科学基金项目(41775107);中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所科研创新项目(GHSCXTD-03);甘肃省气象局科研项目(GSMArc-2019-12);甘肃省气象局科研项目(2122rczx-英才计划-06)

Response of Photosynthetic Parameters for Spring Wheat at Flowering Stage to Soil Moisture and Temperature

LEI Jun¹^,²(), ZHANG Jian³^,^*(), ZHAO Funian¹, QI Yue¹, ZHANG Xiuyun², LI Qiang⁴, SHANG Junlin²

1. Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, China Meteorological Administration/Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, P. R. China
2. Meteorological Bureau of Dingxi of Gansu Province, Dingxi 743000, P. R. China
3. Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dingxi 743000, P. R. China
4. Lanzhou Resources & Environment Voc-Tech University, Lanzhou 730021, P. R. China

Received:2021-03-04 Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变暖以及由此引发的降水空间格局的改变已成为影响农业生态系统的重要问题,严重影响春小麦光合生理过程和产量形成。为探索黄土高原半干旱区春小麦（Triticum aestivum Linn.）叶片光合生理过程对土壤水分和温度变化的响应机制,进一步阐明气候变化对半干旱区春小麦生长的影响,以春小麦“定西40号”为供试品种,于2019年进行大田试验,于开花期控制土壤水分为田间持水量的60%—65%（对照）和为田间持水量的40%—45%（干旱处理）,并设置3个环境温度梯度（分别为25、26以及27 ℃）,分析了春小麦花期旗叶光合生理参数对光合有效辐射的响应特征。结果表明,与干旱处理相比,水分供给较为充足的春小麦达到光饱和的光量子通量密度增大,增幅为40%。随着光合有效辐射的不断增加,控水处理的春小麦气孔限制因素向非气孔限制因素转变,光合作用表现出明显的光抑制。水分供应不足时,叶片表观量子效率（AQE）、最大净光合速率（P_max）、光饱和点（LSP）降低,降幅分别为28%、53%和51%;随着温度的升高,AQE下降;叶片光补偿点（LCP）随着温度的升高而增大。水分供给不足时,暗呼吸速率下降,光合过程受温度影响较大,较高的温度不利于光合作用。水分供给不足时,春小麦对温度的变化更敏感,温度越高,春小麦利用强光和弱光的能力均下降。光合有效辐射增大,控水处理的春小麦在较高温度条件下,由于蒸腾速率较小,导致水分利用效率较供水充足的处理增大。该研究可为气候变化背景下黄土高原半干旱区春小麦水分的高效利用和适应性提供理论依据。

关键词: 半干旱区, 春小麦, 光合作用, 光响应曲线, 温度, 土壤水分

Abstract:

Climate warming and the resulting changes of the spatial pattern for precipitation have become important issues affecting the agricultural ecosystem, leading to serious impact on the photosynthetic physiological process and yield formation of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.). To investigate the mechanism of the response of photosynthetic physiological process to soil moisture and temperature, and clarify the impacts of climatic changes on the growth of spring wheat in the Semi-arid area, a field experiment was carried out in 2019. Spring wheat “Dingxi 40” was used in this study. The soil moisture was adjusted to 60%-65% and 40%-45% of the field capacity for CK and drought treatment during flowering stage, respectively. Three temperature gradients (25, 26 and 27℃) were set up to analyze the response of photosynthetic physiological parameters for flag leaf of spring wheat to photosynthetic active radiation during the flowering stage. The results showed that the light quantum flux density of spring wheat at light saturation under well-water condition was 40% greater compared with that in the drought treatment. With the increase of photosynthetic active radiation, the stomatal limiting factor of spring wheat photosynthesis changed to non-stomatal limiting factor for drought treatment. Under high light quantum flux density, photo-inhibition of photosynthesis occurred because of insufficient water supply. Compared to the well-water treatment (CK), the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_max) and light saturation point (LSP) decreased by 28%, 53% and 51%, respectively, for the drought treatment. Meanwhile, the AQE and dark respiration rate (R_d) decreased with the increase of the temperature. The light compensation point (LCP) increased with the increase of the temperature when the water supply was insufficient. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n) was more sensitive to the change of temperature when the water supply was sufficient. The ability of spring wheat using high light and weak light decreased under a higher temperature. With the increase of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), the water use efficiency (WUE) of spring wheat under drought treatment was higher than that under CK due to the lower transpiration rate at a higher temperature. This study provides a theoretical basis for the efficient water usage and adaptability of spring wheat in the Semi-arid area under the climate change.

Key words: semi arid area, spring wheat, photosynthesis, light response curve, temperature, soil moisture

中图分类号:

S162.5
X173

雷俊, 张健, 赵福年, 齐月, 张秀云, 李强, 尚军林. 春小麦开花期光合参数对土壤水分和温度变化的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1151-1159.

LEI Jun, ZHANG Jian, ZHAO Funian, QI Yue, ZHANG Xiuyun, LI Qiang, SHANG Junlin. Response of Photosynthetic Parameters for Spring Wheat at Flowering Stage to Soil Moisture and Temperature[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(6): 1151-1159.

图/表 4

图1 不同处理春小麦开花期叶片光响应曲线比较处理A为对照处理,B为控水处理,下同

Figure 1 Comparison of the light response curves at the flowering stage of spring wheat among different treatments Treatment A is the control treatment, and B is the water control treatment, the same as below

表1 不同处理春小麦开花期叶片光响应的特征参数

Table 1 Characteristic parameters of the photosynthesis at the flowering stage of spring wheat among different treatments

处理 Treatments	表观量子效AQE Apparent quantum efficiency/(mol∙μmol^-1)	最大净光合速率P_max Maximum net photosynthetic rate/(μmol∙m^-2∙s^-1)	光补偿点LCP Light compensation point/(μmol∙m^-2∙s^-1)	光饱和点LSP Light saturation point/ (μmol∙m^-2∙s^-1)	暗呼吸速率R_d Apparent dark respiration rate/(μmol∙m^-2∙s^-1)	决定系数R² Coefficient of determination
A-25	0.058±0.006a	28.630±1.381a	21.472±2.536c	718.988±27.432b	1.190±0.167a	0.998±0.002
A-26	0.050±0.007ab	29.765±0.544a	26.794±1.166bc	852.417±20.254a	1.280±0.072ab	0.999±0.000
A-27	0.046±0.007b	28.479±2.779a	27.655±0.752b	866.796±20.492a	1.217±0.183ab	0.999±0.000
B-25	0.044±0.004bc	21.573±1.422b	26.667±1.522b	519.309±27.014d	1.531±0.119ab	0.997±0.002
B-26	0.039±0.005c	17.205±2.171b	33.980±4.362a	508.510±20.020d	1.319±0.095b	0.988±0.003
B-27	0.037±0.005c	17.974±1.570b	38.249±1.563a	580.545±28.078c	1.380±0.062b	0.990±0.007

图2 不同处理春小麦开花期气体交换参数对光合有效辐射的响应

Figure 2 Response of gas exchange parameters to photosynthetic active radiation of spring wheat at flowering stage under different treatments

图3 不同处理春小麦开花期水分利用效率对光合有效辐射的响应

Figure 3 Response of water use efficiency to photosynthetic active radiation of spring wheat at flowering stage under different treatments

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春小麦开花期光合参数对土壤水分和温度变化的响应

Response of Photosynthetic Parameters for Spring Wheat at Flowering Stage to Soil Moisture and Temperature

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