不同钝化剂对铅镉复合污染土壤钝化效果及影响因素研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.020

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1732-1741.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.020

不同钝化剂对铅镉复合污染土壤钝化效果及影响因素研究

刘娟¹^,³(), 张乃明²^,³^,^*(), 袁启慧²^,³

1.云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明 650201
2.云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明 650201
3.云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程实验室,云南昆明 650201

收稿日期:2020-12-14 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * 张乃明,E-mail: zhangnaiming@sina.com
作者简介:刘娟（1990年生）,女,博士研究生,研究方向为农用化学物质与环境。E-mail: 15587214232@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800603);云南省重点研发计划项目(2018BC003)

Passivation Effect and Influencing Factors of Different Passivators on Lead-cadmium Compound Contaminated Soils

LIU Juan¹^,³(), ZHANG Naiming²^,³^,^*(), YUAN Qihui²^,³

1. College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
2. College of Resource and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
3. Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Restoration Laboratory, Kunming 650201, China

Received:2020-12-14 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

重金属复合污染土壤普遍存在,其中铅、镉复合污染较为常见,因此急需研发一种能够同时钝化铅、镉等多个重金属元素的钝化剂,进而减少土壤中铅、镉向作物可食部位转移。采集滇西某矿区周边的铅、镉复合污染土壤,通过盆栽模拟试验,研究了4种复合钝化剂（钝化剂A（含硫型土壤调理剂）、钝化剂B（自制生物炭钝化剂）、钝化剂C（自制矿物钝化剂）、钝化剂D（自制有机-无机复合钝化剂））对铅、镉复合污染土壤的钝化效果,同时,通过正交试验,对比研究了不同条件下（施肥量、土壤水分和土壤粒径）对复合钝化剂钝化效果的影响。结果表明,（1）供试钝化剂均能不同程度地提高土壤pH,施用钝化剂B和钝化剂C后土壤的pH要显著高于其它几种钝化剂。（2）对土壤有效态铅的钝化效率表现为钝化剂B,钝化剂C>钝化剂D>钝化剂A;而对土壤有效态镉的钝化效率表现为钝化剂C>钝化剂B,钝化剂D>钝化剂A,钝化剂C对污染土壤的有效态铅、镉都具有很好的钝化作用。（3）施肥量、土壤水分和粒径对土壤有效态铅、镉产生不同的钝化效果,3个因素对土壤有效态铅的钝化效果的影响程度依次是B (土壤水分)>A (施肥量)>C (土壤粒径),而对有效态镉的钝化效果的影响程度依次为B (土壤水分)>C (土壤粒径)>A (施肥量),但均未达到显著水平。（4）正交试验结果表明组合为施肥量：675 kg∙hm^-2;土壤水分：40%;土壤粒径：>2mm时钝化效果最佳,这对利用钝化剂实现重金属铅、镉污染土壤的安全利用具有一定指导意义。

关键词: 复合污染, 钝化剂, 重金属, 施肥量, 土壤水分, 土壤粒径

Abstract:

Heavy metal compound contamination of soil is widespread, of which lead and cadmium combined pollution is more common. So it is urgent to develop a passivating agent that can simultaneously passivate multiple heavy metal elements, such as lead and cadmium, in order to reduce the transfer of lead and cadmium from soil to edible parts of crops. In this study, the lead and cadmium compound contaminated soil around a mining area in western Yunnan Province was collected. A pot experiment was conducted to study the passivation effect of four compound passivating agents on the lead-cadmium compound contaminated soil, four compound passivating agents, namely Passivating Agent A (sulphur containing soil conditioning agent), Passivating Agent B (self-made biochar passivating agent), Passivating Agent C (self-made mineral passivating agent), Aassivating Agent D (self-made organical-inorganic compound passivating agent). At the same time, an orthogonal experiment was conducted to study the effects of different conditions (fertilization amount, soil moisture and soil particle size) on the passivation efficiency of the compound passivators. The results showed that: (1) All the passivators tested could increase the soil pH to different degrees. The soil pH of Passivating Agents B and C was significantly higher than that of other passivators. (2) The passivation efficiency of soil available Pb was as Passivating Agent B, Passivating Agent C>Passivating Agent D>Passivating Agent A. The passivation efficiency of soil available Cd was shown as Passivating Agent C>Passivating Agent B, Passivating Agent D>Passivating Agent A. Passivating Agent C had good passivation effect on soil available Pb and Cd. (3) Fertilizer amount, soil moisture and soil particle size had different passivation effects on soil available Pb and Cd. The influence degree of the three factors on the passivation effect of soil available Pb was B (soil moisture)>A (fertilizer amount)>C (soil particle size). The passivation effect of available Cd was B (soil moisture)>C (soil particle size)>A (fertilizer amount), but all of them did not reach significant level. (4) The orthogonal test results showed that the application rate of the combination was 675 kg∙hm^-2; Soil moisture: 40%; Soil particle size: >2 mm, the passivation effect is the best, which has a certain guiding significance for the use of passivating agent to realize the safe utilization of heavy metal Pb and Cd contaminated soil.

Key words: compound pollution, passivators, heavy metal, fertilizer amount, soil moisture, soil particle size

中图分类号:

刘娟, 张乃明, 袁启慧. 不同钝化剂对铅镉复合污染土壤钝化效果及影响因素研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1732-1741.

LIU Juan, ZHANG Naiming, YUAN Qihui. Passivation Effect and Influencing Factors of Different Passivators on Lead-cadmium Compound Contaminated Soils[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1732-1741.

图/表 12

参考文献 32

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重金属 Heavy metal	测定值 Measured value	不同pH条件下重金属限值 Limit values of heavy metals under different PH conditions
重金属 Heavy metal	测定值 Measured value	pH≤5.50	5.50<pH≤6.50	6.50<pH≤7.50	pH>7.50
Cd	筛选值 Screening values	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.60
Cd	管控值 Intervention values	1.50	2.00	3.00	0.60
Pb	筛选值 Screening values	70.00	90.00	120.00	170.00
Pb	管控值 Intervention values	400.00	500.00	700.00	1000.00

重金属 Heavy metal	测定值 Measured value	不同pH条件下重金属限值 Limit values of heavy metals under different PH conditions
重金属 Heavy metal	测定值 Measured value	pH≤5.50	5.50<pH≤6.50	6.50<pH≤7.50	pH>7.50
Cd	筛选值 Screening values	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.60
Cd	管控值 Intervention values	1.50	2.00	3.00	0.60
Pb	筛选值 Screening values	70.00	90.00	120.00	170.00
Pb	管控值 Intervention values	400.00	500.00	700.00	1000.00

钝化剂 Passivators	pH	全镉 w_{(total cadmium)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	全铅 w_{(total lead)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)
钝化剂 Passivator A	7.88	0.19	13.17
钝化剂 Passivator B	9.78	0.22	16.02
钝化剂 Passivator C	9.88	0.11	19.31
钝化剂 Passivator D	8.63	0.15	26.03

钝化剂 Passivators	pH	全镉 w_{(total cadmium)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	全铅 w_{(total lead)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)
钝化剂 Passivator A	7.88	0.19	13.17
钝化剂 Passivator B	9.78	0.22	16.02
钝化剂 Passivator C	9.88	0.11	19.31
钝化剂 Passivator D	8.63	0.15	26.03

水平 Levels	因素Facter
水平 Levels	A施肥量 The amount of fertilizer/ (kg∙hm^-2)	B土壤水分 Soil Moisture/ %	C土壤粒径 Soil particle size/ mm
1	225	40	<1
2	450	60	1‒2
3	675	80	>2

不同钝化剂对铅镉复合污染土壤钝化效果及影响因素研究

Passivation Effect and Influencing Factors of Different Passivators on Lead-cadmium Compound Contaminated Soils

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试验号 Test number	因素 Facter			试验组 Test Group
试验号 Test number	A	B	C	试验组 Test Group
T1	1	1	1	A₁B₁C₁
T2	1	2	3	A₁B₂C₃
T3	1	3	2	A₁B₃C₂
T4	2	1	2	A₂B₁C₂
T5	2	2	1	A₂B₂C₁
T6	2	3	3	A₂B₃C₃
T7	3	1	3	A₃B₁C₃
T8	3	2	2	A₃B₂C₂
T9	3	3	1	A₃B₃C₁

试验号 Test number	因素 Facter			钝化效果 Passivation effect/%
试验号 Test number	A	B	C	铅 Lead
T1	1	1	1	38.52
T2	1	2	3	41.6
T3	1	3	2	21.61
T4	2	1	2	23.09
T5	2	2	1	39.53
T6	2	3	3	21.48
T7	3	1	3	47.79
T8	3	2	2	40.8
T9	3	3	1	23.72
$\overline{{{k}_{1}}}$	33.91	36.47	33.92
$\overline{{{k}_{2}}}$	28.03	40.64	28.5
$\overline{{{k}_{3}}}$	37.44	30.29	36.96
极差R⁽³⁾	9.41	10.35	8.46
分析较优水平	A3	B2	C3
主次因素	BAC

因素 Factor	偏差平方和 Deviation sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	F	F_{0.05 (2, 2)}	显著性 Significance
A	135.395	2	1.902	19	不显著 No significance
B	556.569	2	7.818	19	不显著 No significance
C	110.129	2	1.547	19	不显著 No significance
误差 Error	71.187	2

试验号 Test number	因素 Facter			钝化效果Passivation effect/%
试验号 Test number	A	B	C	镉 Cadmium
T1	1	1	1	46.42
T2	1	2	3	53.99
T3	1	3	2	13.5
T4	2	1	2	17.8
T5	2	2	1	48.33
T6	2	3	3	21.24
T7	3	1	3	56.3
T8	3	2	2	46.07
T9	3	3	1	12.13
$\overline{{{k}_{1}}}$	37.97	40.17	35.63
$\overline{{{k}_{2}}}$	29.12	49.46	25.79
$\overline{{{k}_{3}}}$	38.17	15.62	43.84
极差R⁽³⁾	9.05	33.84	18.05
分析较优水平 Analysis of superior level	A₃	B₂	C₃
主次因素 Primary and secondary factor	BCA

因素 Factor	偏差平方和 Deviation sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	F	F_{0.05 (2, 2)}	显著性 Significance
A	160.084	2	0.693	19	不显著 No significance
B	1834.152	2	7.943	19	不显著 No significance
C	490.196	2	2.122	19	不显著 No significance
误差 Error	230.924	2

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