不同生育期干旱胁迫/复水对大豆光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.009

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 286-296.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.009

不同生育期干旱胁迫/复水对大豆光合特性及产量的影响

刘江¹(), 朱丽杰¹^,², 张开¹, 王晓明³, 王立为¹, 高西宁¹^,⁴^,^*()

1.沈阳农业大学农学院,辽宁沈阳 110866
2.辽宁省凌源市气象局,辽宁凌源 122500
3.黑龙江省气象数据中心,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
4.辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室,辽宁沈阳 110166

收稿日期:2021-09-03 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2022-04-14
通讯作者: *高西宁（1973年生）,男,副教授,博士,从事农业气象灾害研究。E-mail: syaugxn@syau.edu.cn
作者简介:刘江（1968年生）,男,副教授,博士,从事农业气象灾害研究。E-mail: snliujiang@syau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1002204)

Effects of Drought Stress/Rewatering on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean at Different Growth Stages

LIU Jiang¹(), ZHU Lijie¹^,², ZHANG Kai¹, WANG Xiaoming³, WANG Liwei¹, GAO Xining¹^,⁴^,^*()

1. Agronomy Department, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, P. R. China
2. Liaoning Lingyuan Meteorological Bureau, Lingyuan 122500, P. R. China
3. Heilongjiang Meteorological Data Center, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
4. Liaoning Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Disasters, Shenyang 110166, P. R. China

Received:2021-09-03 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球气候变化背景下,干旱发生的频率和强度都有所增强,严重影响农业生产。研究大豆（Glycine max）在不同生育期不同强度干旱胁迫/复水条件下的光合特性和产量变化,可明确干旱对大豆生长发育影响并为探索灾变机制提供理论依据。通过水分控制试验,分别在开花期和鼓粒期对大豆实施轻度干旱胁迫（65%田间持水量）和重度干旱胁迫（50%田间持水量）,并分别持续7、14、21 d。在胁迫结束后进行复水,复水水平控制到对照处理水平（80%田间持水量）。结果表明,开花期和鼓粒期干旱胁迫使大豆最大净光合速率分别降低19.56%—70.86%和44.38%—74.03%。在开花期,随着干旱胁迫强度的增加,气孔限制值呈升高趋势,胞间CO₂浓度呈降低趋势,大豆净光合速率下降是由气孔因素主导。在鼓粒期,随着干旱胁迫强度的增加,气孔限制值由升高趋势转为降低趋势,胞间CO₂浓度由降低趋势转为升高趋势,大豆净光合速率下降由气孔因素主导转为非气孔因素主导。当干旱胁迫持续时间较短时（7—14 d）,大豆水分利用效率升高6.88%—52.34%,随着干旱持续时间的延长（21 d）,水分利用效率降低20.41%—61.18%。开花期干旱胁迫使大豆减产15.63%—55.47%,而鼓粒期减产24.17%—59.63%。干旱胁迫导致大豆净光合速率和产量下降,且相同程度的干旱,在鼓粒期对大豆产量的影响大于开花期;持续时间较短的干旱胁迫可提高水分利用效率,而长时间干旱胁迫使水分利用效率降低。

关键词: 大豆, 干旱胁迫/复水, 开花期, 鼓粒期, 净光合速率, 水分利用效率, 产量

Abstract:

In the context of global climate change, the frequency and intensity of droughts have increased, seriously affecting agricultural production. Studies on photosynthetic characteristics and yield changes of soybean under different growth stages and different intensities of drought stress/rewatering conditions could help clarify the impacts of drought on soybean growth and the underlying mechanisms. Through water control experiments, mild drought stress (65% field water capacity) and severe drought stress (50% field water capacity) were applied to soybean at the flowering stage and the full seed stage and lasted for 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Rewatering was carried out after the end of the drought stress, and the rewatering level was equal to the control treatment level (80% field capacity). The results showed that drought at the flowering stage and the full seed stage reduced the maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_max) of soybean by 19.56%?70.86% and 44.38%?74.03%, respectively. At the flowering stage, the stomatal limitation value (L_s) increased but the intercellular CO₂ concentration decreased (C_i) when the drought intensity increased. The decrease of net photosynthetic rate (P_n) was dominated by stomatal factors. While at the full seed stage, the L_s first increased and then decreased, but the C_i first decreased and then increased as the drought intensity increased. Therefore, the P_n decreased induced by drought stress shifted from being dominated by stomatal factors to non-stomatal factors during the full seed stage. When the duration of drought stress was shorter (7?14 days), the water use efficiency (E_WU) of soybean increased by 6.88%?52.34%. However, when the drought lasted for a longer time (21 days), the E_WU decreased by 20.41%?61.18%. Drought reduced the yield by 15.63%?55.47% when drought occurred at the flowering stage and 24.17%?59.63% at the full seed stage. Drought led to a decrease in P_n and yield of soybean. Moreover, the drought with the same intensity had greater effects on soybean yield at the full seed stage than at the flowering stage. The E_WU could be elevated by a short-term drought, whereas the E_WU decreased when the drought lasted for a longer time.

Key words: soybean, drought stress/rewatering, flowering stage, full seed stage, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, yield

中图分类号:

S314
X171.1

刘江, 朱丽杰, 张开, 王晓明, 王立为, 高西宁. 不同生育期干旱胁迫/复水对大豆光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 286-296.

LIU Jiang, ZHU Lijie, ZHANG Kai, WANG Xiaoming, WANG Liwei, GAO Xining. Effects of Drought Stress/Rewatering on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean at Different Growth Stages[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 286-296.

图/表 7

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生育期 Growth period	项目 Item	轻度胁迫7 d Mild stress for 7 days	重度胁迫7 d Severe stress for 7 days	轻度胁迫14 d Mild stress for 14 days	重度胁迫14 d Severe stress for 14 days	轻度胁迫21 d Mild stress for 21 days	重度胁迫21 d Severe stress for 21 days	CK
开花期 Flowering stage	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	93.33± 1.53ab	79.00± 1.00b	81.33± 0.58b	70.67± 1.53bc	71.67± 2.08bc	55.33± 2.08c	106.33± 2.52a
	单株秕粒数 Unfilled grain number per plant	11.00± 1.00b	14.67± 1.15ab	12.00± 1.00b	17.67± 0.58a	13.33± 0.58b	19.33± 1.15a	9.67± 0.58b
	单株荚数 Pod number per plant	50.33± 2.31ab	51.67± 3.06ab	46.00± 1.00b	43.33± 1.53b	46.67± 1.15b	33.33± 1.53c	57.67± 2.52a
	产量 Yield/(kg∙hm^-2)	3817.80± 82.18b	3292.05± 64.02bc	3407.85± 152.98bc	2983.50± 106.86c	2872.01± 79.10c	2015.22± 67.38d	4525.20± 68.12a
鼓粒期 Full seed stage	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	82.67± 2.52b	75.00± 1.00b	70.33± 0.58bc	66.00± 0.00c	61.33± 1.53cd	53.33± 1.15d	106.33± 2.52a
	单株秕粒数 Unfilled grain number per plant	11.00± 1.00b	14.67± 1.15b	12.00± 1.00b	18.67± 1.53a	18.67± 1.53a	21.00± 1.00a	9.67± 0.58b
	单株荚数 Pod number per plant	53.33± 2.31a	52.67± 1.15a	40.33± 2.31b	41.33± 1.15b	34.67± 0.58b	36.00± 1.00b	57.67± 2.52a
	产量 Yield/(kg∙hm^-2)	3431.40± 69.14b	3061.05± 83.76bc	2847.60± 39.31c	2561.85± 91.10c	2551.05± 69.30c	1827.00± 47.23d	4525.20± 68.12a

生育期 Growth period	项目 Item	轻度胁迫7 d Mild stress for 7 days	重度胁迫7 d Severe stress for 7 days	轻度胁迫14 d Mild stress for 14 days	重度胁迫14 d Severe stress for 14 days	轻度胁迫21 d Mild stress for 21 days	重度胁迫21 d Severe stress for 21 days	CK
开花期 Flowering stage	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	93.33± 1.53ab	79.00± 1.00b	81.33± 0.58b	70.67± 1.53bc	71.67± 2.08bc	55.33± 2.08c	106.33± 2.52a
	单株秕粒数 Unfilled grain number per plant	11.00± 1.00b	14.67± 1.15ab	12.00± 1.00b	17.67± 0.58a	13.33± 0.58b	19.33± 1.15a	9.67± 0.58b
	单株荚数 Pod number per plant	50.33± 2.31ab	51.67± 3.06ab	46.00± 1.00b	43.33± 1.53b	46.67± 1.15b	33.33± 1.53c	57.67± 2.52a
	产量 Yield/(kg∙hm^-2)	3817.80± 82.18b	3292.05± 64.02bc	3407.85± 152.98bc	2983.50± 106.86c	2872.01± 79.10c	2015.22± 67.38d	4525.20± 68.12a
鼓粒期 Full seed stage	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	82.67± 2.52b	75.00± 1.00b	70.33± 0.58bc	66.00± 0.00c	61.33± 1.53cd	53.33± 1.15d	106.33± 2.52a
	单株秕粒数 Unfilled grain number per plant	11.00± 1.00b	14.67± 1.15b	12.00± 1.00b	18.67± 1.53a	18.67± 1.53a	21.00± 1.00a	9.67± 0.58b
	单株荚数 Pod number per plant	53.33± 2.31a	52.67± 1.15a	40.33± 2.31b	41.33± 1.15b	34.67± 0.58b	36.00± 1.00b	57.67± 2.52a
	产量 Yield/(kg∙hm^-2)	3431.40± 69.14b	3061.05± 83.76bc	2847.60± 39.31c	2561.85± 91.10c	2551.05± 69.30c	1827.00± 47.23d	4525.20± 68.12a

不同生育期干旱胁迫/复水对大豆光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Drought Stress/Rewatering on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean at Different Growth Stages

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