城市街道峡谷PM2.5时空分布特征与空气质量评价——以合肥市长淮街道为例

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 2157-2164.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.006

城市街道峡谷PM_2.5时空分布特征与空气质量评价——以合肥市长淮街道为例

王薇¹^,²(), 程歆玥¹, 胡春¹^,², 夏斯涵¹, 王甜¹

1.安徽建筑大学建筑与规划学院,安徽合肥 230022
2.安徽建筑大学建成环境与健康重点实验室,安徽合肥 230022

收稿日期:2021-06-11 出版日期:2021-11-18 发布日期:2021-12-29
作者简介:王薇（1975年生）,女,教授,博士,研究方向为建筑技术和人居环境。E-mail: vivi.gan@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51778001);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0702503);安徽省教育厅高校优秀拔尖人才培育资助项目(gxbJZD23)

Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of PM_2.5 and Air Quality Evaluation in Urban Street Canyons: Take Changhuai Street in Hefei as An Example

WANG Wei¹^,²(), CHENG Xinyue¹, HU Chun¹^,², XIA Sihan¹, WANG Tian¹

1. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
2. Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Health, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China

Received:2021-06-11 Online:2021-11-18 Published:2021-12-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以PM_2.5为代表的空气污染对城市居民的生活产生了巨大的影响。街道峡谷是城市的重要构成部分,是城市居民生活的主要场所之一。以PM_2.5为研究对象,于2021年1月22—24日在合肥市瑶海区长淮街道的街道峡谷设立7个固定式监测点,并以附近的三里街国控点为参照,分析冬季合肥市街道峡谷的PM_2.5污染水平及其影响因素。研究表明,（1）街道峡谷内PM_2.5日均质量浓度呈现“W”型变化特征。在街道峡谷非必要通勤市民,应避免在工作日午高峰出行,可以选择在15:00—16:00出行。（2）不同街道峡谷内PM_2.5质量浓度大小趋势为：道路交叉口>道路旁>小区公园绿地>一般街道峡谷。风速越大,距离排放污染源越远,距离绿化植物越近,PM_2.5质量浓度越低。公园绿地、宽阔型街道峡谷、降低迎风面建筑高度和增加街道宽度都能降低街道峡谷内部的PM_2.5质量浓度。上升型街道峡谷的背风侧易造成高质量浓度PM_2.5累积。（3）对合肥市长淮街道冬季而言,PM_2.5的空气质量水平为中度污染,空气质量级别为四级。湿度对街道峡谷的PM_2.5质量浓度贡献度比温度更大,湿度和温度对街道峡谷的PM_2.5质量浓度贡献度分别为80.5%和54.7%。

关键词: 街道峡谷, PM_2.5, 时空分布, 空气质量评价, 温湿度, 风速, 车流量

Abstract:

The air pollution represented by PM_2.5 has a great impact on the life of urban residents. Street canyon is an important part of the city and one of the main places where urban residents live. In this study, PM_2.5 was taken as the research object. From January 22 to January 24, 2021, seven fixed monitoring stations were set up in the street canyon of Changhuai Street, Yaohai District, Hefei City, and the pollution level of PM_2.5 in the street canyon of Hefei City in winter and its influencing factors were analyzed with reference to the national control point of Sanli Street nearby. The results show that, (1) the average daily mass concentration of PM_2.5 in street canyons presents a “W”-shaped variation. Non-essential commuters in street canyons should avoid traveling at noon peak on working days, and can choose to travel between 15:00 and 16:00. (2) The trend of PM_2.5 concentration in different street canyons was: road intersection>roadside>community park green space>general street canyons. The larger the wind speed is, the farther it is from the emission pollution source and the closer it is to the greening plants, the lower the mass concentration of PM_2.5. Park green space, wide street canyon, reducing the height of windward buildings and increasing street width can all reduce the PM_2.5 concentration in street canyon. The leeward side of the rising street canyon is easy to cause the accumulation of PM_2.5 with high mass concentration. (3) In winter, the air quality level of PM_2.5 is moderate pollution, and the air quality level is Grade 4. The contribution of humidity to PM_2.5 concentration in street canyons is greater than that of temperature, and the contribution of humidity and temperature to PM_2.5 concentration in street canyons is 80.5% and 54.7%, respectively.

Key words: street canyon, PM_2.5, temporal and spatial distribution, air quality evaluation, temperature and humidity, wind speed, traffic flow

中图分类号:

王薇, 程歆玥, 胡春, 夏斯涵, 王甜. 城市街道峡谷PM_2.5时空分布特征与空气质量评价——以合肥市长淮街道为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(11): 2157-2164.

WANG Wei, CHENG Xinyue, HU Chun, XIA Sihan, WANG Tian. Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of PM_2.5 and Air Quality Evaluation in Urban Street Canyons: Take Changhuai Street in Hefei as An Example[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(11): 2157-2164.

图/表 10

图1 测试样点分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of test samples

图2 街道峡谷封闭比

Fig. 2 Street Canyon Enclosure Ratios

表1 空气污染物的指数限值和质量浓度限值

Table 1 Index limits and mass concentration limits of air pollutants

空气质量指数 Air quality index	PM_2.5日均值 Daily mean value of PM_2.5/(μg∙m^-3)
0	0
50	35
100	75
150	115
200	150
300	250
400	350
500	500

图3 PM2.5日均质量浓度

Fig. 3 Daily average mass concentration of PM2.5

图4 各监测点PM2.5质量浓度

Fig. 4 PM2.5 mass concentration at each monitoring point

图5 街道峡谷内风速的日变化

Fig. 5 Diurnal variation of wind speed in the street canyon

表2 温湿度与PM2.5每小时质量浓度的回归分析

Table 2 Regression analysis of temperature, humidity and PM2.5 hourly mass concentration

因变量Dependent variable	预测变量 Predictor variable	非标准化系数 Non-standardized coefficient		标准系数 Standard coefficient	sig.	R²
因变量Dependent variable	预测变量 Predictor variable	常量B	标准误差 Standard error	回归系数 Beta	sig.	R²
PM_2.5	Constant	-587.922	52.439		0.000	0.532
	Temperature	23.346	2.561	0.547	0.000
	Humidity	6.637	0.495	0.805	0.000

图6 PM2.5质量浓度和温湿度的回归方程

Fig. 6 Regression equation of PM2.5 mass concentration and temperature and humidity

图7 街道峡谷内车流量的日变化

Fig. 7 The daily change of traffic flow in the street canyon

表3 街道峡谷空气质量评价

Table 3 Air Quality Evaluation of Street Canyon

街道峡谷选点位置 Street canyon location	ρ_(PM2.5)/ (μg∙m^-3)	AQI	空气质量水平 Air quality level	空气质量级别 Air quality level
A	132.26	174	Moderate pollution	Fourth level
B	123.90	162	Moderate pollution	Fourth level
C	128.14	168	Moderate pollution	Fourth level
D	151.09	201	Severe pollution	Fifth level
E	127.62	168	Moderate pollution	Fourth level
F	104.36	136	Light pollution	Third level
G	111.42	145	Light pollution	Third level
H	126.20	166	Moderate pollution	Fourth level

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城市街道峡谷PM_2.5时空分布特征与空气质量评价——以合肥市长淮街道为例

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城市街道峡谷PM2.5时空分布特征与空气质量评价——以合肥市长淮街道为例

Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of PM2.5 and Air Quality Evaluation in Urban Street Canyons: Take Changhuai Street in Hefei as An Example

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城市街道峡谷PM_2.5时空分布特征与空气质量评价——以合肥市长淮街道为例

Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of PM_2.5 and Air Quality Evaluation in Urban Street Canyons: Take Changhuai Street in Hefei as An Example