基于DNDC模型不同降水年型下氮肥管理对马铃薯田N2O减排及增产潜力影响研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1672-1682.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.014

基于DNDC模型不同降水年型下氮肥管理对马铃薯田N₂O减排及增产潜力影响研究

张开¹(), 王立为¹^,²^,^*(), 高西宁¹^,², 贺明慧³

1.沈阳农业大学农学院,辽宁沈阳 110866
2.辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室,辽宁沈阳 110166
3.沈阳市浑南区气象局,辽宁沈阳 110186

收稿日期:2021-04-25 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * 王立为（1986年生）,男,讲师,博士,从事农业温室气体排放研究。E-mail: wlw@syau.edu.cn
作者简介:张开（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,从事农业温室气体排放研究。E-mail: 821389356@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32001409);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002204)

Effects of Nitrogen Management on the Potential of N₂O Emission Reduction and Yield Increase in Potato Field under Different Precipitation Patterns Based on DNDC Model

ZHANG Kai¹(), WANG Liwei¹^,²^,^*(), GAO Xining¹^,², HE Minghui³

1. College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
2. Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Disasters, Liaoning Shenyang 110166, China
3. Shenyang Hunnan District Meteorological Service, Shenyang 110186, China

Received:2021-04-25 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农田N₂O排放和产量的形成与施肥和水分的关系密切。为了探究不同降水年型下马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）田不同施肥方式处理下土壤N₂O减排增产潜力,进而提出基于减排和稳产增产的优化施肥方式,利用沈阳市1990—2019年共30年降水数据进行降水年型划分,以马铃薯田为研究对象,设置4种施氮梯度,分别为不施氮肥（0 kg∙hm^-2）、低氮（60 kg∙hm^-2）、中氮（120 kg∙hm^-2）、高氮（180 kg∙hm^-2）4种施氮水平,采用静态箱—气相色谱法对土壤N₂O气体排放进行田间原位观测,进而运用DeNitrification-DeComposition（DNDC）模型探究在不同降水年型下马铃薯田增产减排的潜力。结果表明,（1）DNDC模型可以较为准确模拟马铃薯田N₂O排放通量以及产量情况,模型效率指数分别在0.45—0.88和0.85—0.91之间。（2）运用DNDC模型模拟研究不同降水年型下马铃薯田增产减排的最优施肥量,结果发现随施肥量增加马铃薯产量均呈现出先增加后减少的变化趋势,而N₂O排放通量呈现出一直增加的变化趋势。在增产减排的前提下得出干旱年的优化施肥量为45—60 kg∙hm^-2,平水年为75—90 kg∙hm^-2,湿润年为105—120 kg∙hm^-2。（3）在各年型优化施肥量的前提下,提出了适宜的施肥深度以及施肥比例。在干旱年和平水年,随施肥深度增加产量先增加后减少,N₂O排放通量却一直增加,当施肥深度为10—15 cm、基追比例为50%+50%时,模型模拟达到最优产量;而在湿润年,随施肥深度增加产量和N₂O排放均增加,当施肥深度为20 cm、基追比例为60%+40%时模型模拟达到最优产量。

关键词: 降水年型, 马铃薯, DNDC模型, N₂O排放, 产量, 氮肥管理

Abstract:

The N₂O emission and yield of farmland is closely related to fertilization and water. In order to explore the potential of soil N₂O emission reduction and yield increase under different fertilization methods in potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) field under different precipitation patterns, and then put forward the optimal fertilization method based on emission reduction, stable and high yields, this paper used the precipitation data of 30 years from 1990 to 2019 in Shenyang to classify the precipitation patterns, took potato field as the research object, and set four nitrogen gradients, including no nitrogen (0 kg∙hm^-2), low nitrogen (60 kg∙hm^-2), medium nitrogen (120 kg∙hm^-2) and high nitrogen (180 kg∙hm^-2). In-situ observation of soil N₂O emission was carried out by static box gas chromatography, and then the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model was used to explore the potential of yield increase and emission reduction in potato field under different precipitation patterns. The results showed that: (1) DNDC model could accurately simulate the N₂O emission flux and yield in potato field, and the model efficiency indices were 0.45-0.88 and 0.85-0.91, respectively. (2) DNDC model was used to simulate the optimal fertilization amount for yield increase and emission reduction in potato field under different precipitation patterns. The results showed that potato yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilization amount, while N₂O emission flux showed a constant increasing trend. The optimal fertilization amount was 45-60 kg∙hm^-2 in dry years, 75-90 kg∙hm^-2 in normal years and 105-120 kg∙hm^-2 in wet years under the premise of increasing yield and reducing emission. (3) On the premise of optimizing the fertilization amount of each precipitation pattern, the appropriate fertilization depth and fertilization proportion were proposed. The yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of fertilization depth, but the N₂O emission flux was always increasing. And the model simulation reached the optimal yield when the fertilization depth was 10-15 cm and the ratio of base to topdressing was 50%+50% in dry and normal years. Both the yield and N₂O emission increased with the increase of fertilization depth. And the model simulation reached the optimal yield when the fertilization depth was 20 cm and the ratio of base to topdressing was 60%+40% in wet years.

Key words: annual pattern of precipitation, potato, DNDC model, N₂O emission, yield, nitrogen management

中图分类号:

张开, 王立为, 高西宁, 贺明慧. 基于DNDC模型不同降水年型下氮肥管理对马铃薯田N₂O减排及增产潜力影响研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1672-1682.

ZHANG Kai, WANG Liwei, GAO Xining, HE Minghui. Effects of Nitrogen Management on the Potential of N₂O Emission Reduction and Yield Increase in Potato Field under Different Precipitation Patterns Based on DNDC Model[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1672-1682.

图/表 10

图1 2017—2019年试验期间基地月平均气温（t）和月降水量（p）

Fig. 1 Monthly average temperature (t) and precipitation (p) of the base during 2017-2019

表1 不同降水年型

Table 1 Annual types of different precipitation

年型 Annual pattern of precipitation	合计（年） Total (year)	年份 Years
干旱年 Dry year	11	1992, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018
平水年 Normal year	8	1990, 1993, 1996, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009
湿润年 Wet year	11	1991, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2019

图2 2017—2019年不同施氮水平马铃薯田N2O排放情况

Fig. 2 The N2O emission from potato fields with different nitrogen application levels from 2017 to 2019

图3 N2O排放通量的模拟值与实测值的拟合关系（a）、（b）、（c）分别代表2017、2018、2019年

Fig. 3 The fitting relationship between simulated and measured of N2O emission fluxes (a), (b) and (c) represent 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively

图4 不同施肥水平下产量的模拟值与实测值的拟合情况

Fig. 4 Fitting of simulated and measured yield under different fertilization levels

表2 DNDC模型对不同施氮水平N2O排放模型拟合指标

Table 2 Fitting indexes of DNDC model for N2O emission model under different nitrogen application levels

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	r ²	E	EF
2017	N₀	0.92	-1.17	0.88
	N₁	0.88	4.90	0.85
	N₂	0.74	1.98	0.73
	N₃	0.62	-19.79	0.45
2018	N₀	0.88	-0.89	0.80
	N₁	0.84	6.32	0.63
	N₂	0.87	6.35	0.64
	N₃	0.90	-0.78	0.83
2019	N₀	0.76	5.43	0.59
	N₁	0.88	9.36	0.63
	N₂	0.83	11.24	0.56
	N₃	0.81	4.37	0.66

表3 DNDC模型对不同施氮水平产量拟合指标

Table 3 Yield fitting indexes of DNDC model under different nitrogen application levels

年份 Year	r ²	P	E	EF
2017	0.97	0.017	-403.82	0.91
2018	0.98	0.008	586.83	0.93
2019	0.92	0.041	52.29	0.85

图5 DNDC模型模拟的不同降水年型N2O累计排放量、产量与施氮量之间的关系（a）、（b）、（c）分别代表干旱年、平水年和湿润年

Fig. 5 The relationship between cumulative N2O emission, yield and nitrogen application in different precipitation years simulated by DNDC model (a), (b) and (c) represent dry year, normal year and wet year, respectively

图6 DNDC模型模拟的不同降水年型N2O累计排放量、产量与施肥深度之间的关系（a）、（b）、（c）分别代表干旱年、平水年和湿润年

Fig. 6 The relationship between cumulative N2O emission, yield and fertilization depth in different precipitation years simulated by DNDC model (a), (b) and (c) represent dry year, normal year and wet year respectively

图7 DNDC模型模拟的不同降水年型N2O累计排放量、产量与施肥比例之间的关系（a）、（b）、（c）分别代表干旱年、平水年和湿润年;以 (95%+5%) 为例,表示施基肥95%,追肥5%

Fig. 7 The relationship between cumulative N2O emission, yield and fertilization ratio in different precipitation years simulated by DNDC model (a), (b) and (c) represent dry year, normal year and wet year, respectively; Taking (95%+5%) as an example, it means 95% of base fertilizer and 5% of topdressing

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基于DNDC模型不同降水年型下氮肥管理对马铃薯田N₂O减排及增产潜力影响研究

Effects of Nitrogen Management on the Potential of N₂O Emission Reduction and Yield Increase in Potato Field under Different Precipitation Patterns Based on DNDC Model

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