典型喀斯特山区优势树种钙吸收能力的海拔分异特征研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1589-1598.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.005

典型喀斯特山区优势树种钙吸收能力的海拔分异特征研究

刘进¹(), 龙健¹^,^*(), 李娟², 李红¹

1.贵州师范大学/贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550001
2.贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳 550001

收稿日期:2021-04-28 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * E-mail: longjian22@163.com
作者简介:刘进（1996年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为环境土壤学。E-mail: milo00@126.com
基金资助:
贵州省科学技术基金重点项目(黔科合基础[2020]1Z036);贵州省百层次创新人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2020]6010);贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合基础[2019]1238)

Differentiation Characteristics of Calcium Bioabsorption Capacity of Dominant Tree Species with Altitude in Typical Karst Mountain Area

LIU Jin¹(), LONG Jian¹^,^*(), LI Juan², LI Hong¹

1. Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environmen/Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
2. Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.

Received:2021-04-28 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明典型喀斯特石漠化地区优势乔木种的钙吸收能力随海拔上升的变化规律及其影响因素,从而有效指导土壤养分的合理利用和生态修复中树种的选择,以贵州花江石漠化治理示范区为研究区域,4种典型树种（香椿Toona sinensis、翅荚香槐Cladrastis platycarpa、构树Broussonetia papyrifera、栾树Koelreuteria paniculata）为研究对象,通过野外调查采集不同海拔的叶片及其土壤,进行植物-土壤总钙和理化性质的分析,对土壤和叶片钙素含量在不同海拔的差异性及其与环境因子的相关性进行研究。结果表明：（1）香椿和构树叶片及各树种土壤钙素含量随海拔变化有显著差异（P<0.05）,香椿和栾树在500 m处富钙能力最强（38.99 g∙kg^-1和44.72 g∙kg^-1）,翅荚香槐和构树分别在900 m处和1100 m处最强（41.42 g∙kg^-1和51.21 g∙kg^-1）;（2）香椿和翅荚香槐对土壤钙素的吸收能力在900 m处最大（2.72和1.07）,可作为西南石漠化地区中高海拔处植被恢复的先锋树种;栾树和构树在500 m处最大（0.79和0.82）,可作为低海拔处植被恢复的先锋树种;（3）海拔差异引起的土壤钾、钠、有机质含量的变化很有可能是影响树种钙生物吸收能力的重要原因,也是树种改变对高钙环境适应策略的关键因素之一。研究结果有助于深入了解不同优势树种在西南喀斯特高钙环境中的适应特性。

关键词: 喀斯特山区, 植物钙, 土壤钙, 生物吸收, 海拔

Abstract:

To investigate the variety of calcium absorption coefficient of predominant tree species with expanding height in the typical karst rocky desertification area and its impacting factors, four normal tree species (Toona sinensis, Cladrastis platycarpa, Broussonetia papyrifera and Koelreuteria paniculata) were chosen as the study objects in Huajiang rocky desertification control demonstration area of Guizhou Province, and the leaves and sub-tree soils were gathered at various elevations for the assurance of total calcium and physical and chemical properties, and the inconstancy of soil and leaf calcium substance at various heights and their relationship with natural elements were researched by measurable examination and connection investigation. The results showed that, (1) there were significant differences (P<0.05) in leaf calcium content of Toona sinensis and Broussonetia papyrifera and soil calcium content of understory of each tree species with altitude, and the calcium enrichment capacity of Toona sinensis and Koelreuteria paniculata was strongest at 500 m (38.99 g∙kg^-1 and 44.72 g∙kg^-1), that of Cladrastis platycarpa was strongest at 900 m, and that of Koelreuteria paniculata was strongest at 1100 m (41.42 g∙kg^-1 and 51.21 g∙kg^-1). (2) The absorption capacity of Toona sinensis and Cladrastis platycarpa on soil calcium is the largest at 900 m (2.72 and 1.07), which can be selected as a pioneer tree species to afforestation at middle and high altitude in the study area; The absorption capacity of Koelreuteria paniculata and Broussonetia papyrifera on soil calcium is the largest at 500 m (0.79 and 0.82), which can be selected as a pioneer tree species to afforestation at low altitude in the study area. (3) The change of potassium, sodium and organic matter content caused by altitude difference is likely to be an important factor affecting the calcium bioabsorption capacity of tree species, and also one of the key factors for tree species to change their adaptation strategies to high calcium environment. The results are helpful to understand the adaptation characteristics of different dominant tree species in karst high calcium environment.

Key words: karst mountainous area, calcium content of plant, calcium content of soil, bioabsorption, altitude

中图分类号:

刘进, 龙健, 李娟, 李红. 典型喀斯特山区优势树种钙吸收能力的海拔分异特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1589-1598.

LIU Jin, LONG Jian, LI Juan, LI Hong. Differentiation Characteristics of Calcium Bioabsorption Capacity of Dominant Tree Species with Altitude in Typical Karst Mountain Area[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1589-1598.

图/表 7

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海拔 Altitude/m	土壤类型 Soil types	主要植被类型 Main vegetation types	植被覆盖率 Coverage/%
500	黄色石灰土 Yellow calcareous soil	构树 (Broussonetia papyrifera)、香椿 (Toona sinensis)、栾树 (Koelreuteria paniculata)、翅荚香槐 (Cladrastis platycarpa)、牡荆 (Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia)、飞机草 (Chromolaena odorata L.)	60
700	黄色石灰土 Yellow calcareous soil	构树 (Broussonetia papyrifera)、香椿 (Toona sinensis)、栾树 (Koelreuteria paniculata)、牡荆 (Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia)、八角枫 (Alangium chinense (Lour. ) Harms)、胡桃 (Juglans regia)、菩提树 (Ficus religiosa L.)、毛桐 (Mallotus barbatus)	70
900	黄色石灰土 Yellow calcareous soil	构树 (Broussonetia papyrifera)、清香木 (Pistacia weinmannifolia)、山麻杆 (Alchornea davidii)、榆树 (Ulmus pumila L.)、火棘 (Pyracantha fortuneana)、川钓樟 (Lindera pulcherrima)	75
1100	黑色石灰土 Black calcareous soil	构树 (Broussonetia papyrifera)、松树 (Pinus)、山桃 (Amygdalus davidiana)、布朗耳蕨 (Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée)、石楠 (Photinia serratifolia (Desfontaines) Kalkman)、棕榈 (Trachycarpusfortunei(Hook.) H. Wendl.)、黄檗 (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)	85

海拔 Altitude/m	土壤类型 Soil types	主要植被类型 Main vegetation types	植被覆盖率 Coverage/%
500	黄色石灰土 Yellow calcareous soil	构树 (Broussonetia papyrifera)、香椿 (Toona sinensis)、栾树 (Koelreuteria paniculata)、翅荚香槐 (Cladrastis platycarpa)、牡荆 (Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia)、飞机草 (Chromolaena odorata L.)	60
700	黄色石灰土 Yellow calcareous soil	构树 (Broussonetia papyrifera)、香椿 (Toona sinensis)、栾树 (Koelreuteria paniculata)、牡荆 (Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia)、八角枫 (Alangium chinense (Lour. ) Harms)、胡桃 (Juglans regia)、菩提树 (Ficus religiosa L.)、毛桐 (Mallotus barbatus)	70
900	黄色石灰土 Yellow calcareous soil	构树 (Broussonetia papyrifera)、清香木 (Pistacia weinmannifolia)、山麻杆 (Alchornea davidii)、榆树 (Ulmus pumila L.)、火棘 (Pyracantha fortuneana)、川钓樟 (Lindera pulcherrima)	75
1100	黑色石灰土 Black calcareous soil	构树 (Broussonetia papyrifera)、松树 (Pinus)、山桃 (Amygdalus davidiana)、布朗耳蕨 (Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée)、石楠 (Photinia serratifolia (Desfontaines) Kalkman)、棕榈 (Trachycarpusfortunei(Hook.) H. Wendl.)、黄檗 (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)	85

树种 Tree species	项目 Item	海拔 Altitude	土壤含水率 Soil moisture	叶片灰分 Ash content in leaves	pH	土壤有机质 Organic matter content	土壤总氮 N content in soil	土壤总碳 C content in soil	土壤总钾 K content in soil	土壤总钠 Na content in soil	叶片总钙 Ca content in leaves	土壤总钙 Ca content in soil
香椿 Toona sinensis	叶片总钙 Ca content in leaves	-0.357^*	-0.246	0.692^**	-0.162	-0.131	-0.264	-0.296	0.512^**	-0.115	‒	‒
	土壤总钙 Ca content in soil	-0.789^**	-0.496^**	0.448^**	-0.226	-0.353^*	-0.412^*	-0.480^**	0.109	-0.625^**	0.362^*	‒
	钙生物吸收系数 Ca bioabsorption coefficient	0.294	0.118	0.345^*	0.039	0.092	0.030	0.043	0.355^*	0.354^*	0.620^**	-0.473^**
翅荚香槐 Cladrastis platycarpa	叶片总钙 Ca content in leaves	0.035	0.106	0.907^**	-0.311	-0.011	0.013	-0.136	0.149	0.435^*	‒	‒
	土壤总钙 Ca content in soil	0.714^**	0.067	-0.025	-0.061	0.387	-0.157	0.395^*	-0.712^**	-0.128	-0.190	‒
	钙生物吸收系数 Ca bioabsorption coefficient	-0.493^*	0.172	0.404^*	-0.287	-0.050	0.364	-0.170	0.627^**	0.162	0.604^**	-0.837^**
栾树 Koelreuteria paniculata	叶片总钙 Ca content in leaves	0.072	-0.124	0.952^**	-0.135	-0.017	0.065	0.008	-0.009	-0.149	‒	‒
	土壤总钙 Ca content in soil	0.368^*	0.165	-0.060	0.274	0.437^*	-0.105	0.216	0.469^*	0.501^*	-0.067	‒
	钙生物吸收系数 Ca bioabsorption coefficient	-0.249	-0.246	0.656^**	-0.286	-0.306^*	0.105	-0.151	-0.401^*	-0.464^*	0.676^**	-0.752^**
构树 Broussonetia papyrifera	叶片总钙 Ca content in leaves	0.702^**	0.552^**	0.844^**	0.464^*	0.400	0.238	0.591^**	-0.310	0.025	‒	‒
	土壤总钙 Ca content in soil	0.445^*	0.430^*	0.450^*	0.282	0.579^**	0.324	0.707^**	-0.118	0.101	0.615^**	‒
	钙生物吸收系数 Ca bioabsorption coefficient	0.054	-0.146	0.128	0.094	-0.440^*	-0.307	-0.431^*	-0.083	-0.010	0.116	-0.692^**

树种 Tree species	项目 Item	海拔 Altitude	土壤含水率 Soil moisture	叶片灰分 Ash content in leaves	pH	土壤有机质 Organic matter content	土壤总氮 N content in soil	土壤总碳 C content in soil	土壤总钾 K content in soil	土壤总钠 Na content in soil	叶片总钙 Ca content in leaves	土壤总钙 Ca content in soil
香椿 Toona sinensis	叶片总钙 Ca content in leaves	-0.357^*	-0.246	0.692^**	-0.162	-0.131	-0.264	-0.296	0.512^**	-0.115	‒	‒
	土壤总钙 Ca content in soil	-0.789^**	-0.496^**	0.448^**	-0.226	-0.353^*	-0.412^*	-0.480^**	0.109	-0.625^**	0.362^*	‒
	钙生物吸收系数 Ca bioabsorption coefficient	0.294	0.118	0.345^*	0.039	0.092	0.030	0.043	0.355^*	0.354^*	0.620^**	-0.473^**
翅荚香槐 Cladrastis platycarpa	叶片总钙 Ca content in leaves	0.035	0.106	0.907^**	-0.311	-0.011	0.013	-0.136	0.149	0.435^*	‒	‒
	土壤总钙 Ca content in soil	0.714^**	0.067	-0.025	-0.061	0.387	-0.157	0.395^*	-0.712^**	-0.128	-0.190	‒
	钙生物吸收系数 Ca bioabsorption coefficient	-0.493^*	0.172	0.404^*	-0.287	-0.050	0.364	-0.170	0.627^**	0.162	0.604^**	-0.837^**
栾树 Koelreuteria paniculata	叶片总钙 Ca content in leaves	0.072	-0.124	0.952^**	-0.135	-0.017	0.065	0.008	-0.009	-0.149	‒	‒
	土壤总钙 Ca content in soil	0.368^*	0.165	-0.060	0.274	0.437^*	-0.105	0.216	0.469^*	0.501^*	-0.067	‒
	钙生物吸收系数 Ca bioabsorption coefficient	-0.249	-0.246	0.656^**	-0.286	-0.306^*	0.105	-0.151	-0.401^*	-0.464^*	0.676^**	-0.752^**
构树 Broussonetia papyrifera	叶片总钙 Ca content in leaves	0.702^**	0.552^**	0.844^**	0.464^*	0.400	0.238	0.591^**	-0.310	0.025	‒	‒
	土壤总钙 Ca content in soil	0.445^*	0.430^*	0.450^*	0.282	0.579^**	0.324	0.707^**	-0.118	0.101	0.615^**	‒
	钙生物吸收系数 Ca bioabsorption coefficient	0.054	-0.146	0.128	0.094	-0.440^*	-0.307	-0.431^*	-0.083	-0.010	0.116	-0.692^**

典型喀斯特山区优势树种钙吸收能力的海拔分异特征研究

Differentiation Characteristics of Calcium Bioabsorption Capacity of Dominant Tree Species with Altitude in Typical Karst Mountain Area

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