喜旱莲子草入侵群落主要物种生态位和种间联结研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1607-1616.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.007

喜旱莲子草入侵群落主要物种生态位和种间联结研究

郭佳琦(), 陈俊辰, 黄旬, 黄佳乐, 赵丽娅, 李兆华^*()

湖北大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉 430062

收稿日期:2021-04-20 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * 李兆华,教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事环境生态学研究。E-mail: zli@hubu.edu.cn
作者简介:郭佳琦（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事入侵生态学研究。E-mail: 960221054@qq.com
基金资助:
农业农村部项目“湖北省重大外来入侵物种调查监测与综合防控项目”(125A0609)

Niche Characteristics and Interspecific Associations of the Dominant Species of the Communities Invaded by Alternanthera philoxeroides

GUO Jiaqi(), CHEN Junchen, HUANG Xun, HUANG Jiale, ZHAO Liya, LI Zhaohua^*()

Faculty of Resources and Environmental Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China

Received:2021-04-20 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

喜旱莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）是中国危害最严重的入侵物种之一,为有效评估和预测入侵植物喜旱莲子草的危害程度,以喜旱莲子草入侵群落为研究对象,在野外调查的基础上,基于2×2列联表,测定生态位宽度、生态位相似性指数、生态位重叠指数,应用方差比率法（R_v）、χ ²检验、匹配系数Ochiai（I_O）和贡献定律法,对群落中17个主要物种进行生态位、种间联结和群落稳定性分析,以期为喜旱莲子草植物群落的管理提供参考依据。结果表明,（1）群落中共发现草本植物18科38属41种,其中喜旱莲子草的重要值（I_V =18.06）和生态位宽度（B_L=0.80,B_S=3.78）最大,占显著优势地位并且与多数物种产生较高的生态位重叠,禾本科（Amaranthaceae）植物狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）、双穗雀稗（Paspalum paspaloides）、马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）的优势地位次之。（2）群落整体呈现不显著负联结（R_v=0.92,W=45.82）,关联性不显著的种对占95.24%,大部分物种间的联系并不紧密;喜旱莲子草与13个主要物种呈不同程度的负关联,这与其入侵性有关;与双穗雀稗、狗牙根、马唐存在高生态位重叠且紧密正关联,上述种对可能有相似的资源偏好而共存一定时期,另一方面说明其对喜旱莲子草的侵入有一定抵抗性。（3）模型方程与直线方程的交点坐标为（37.62,62.38）,目前群落处于非稳定状态,大多数物种趋于独立,但主要物种存在一定的资源争夺。因此,建议考虑双穗雀稗、狗牙根和马唐用于喜旱莲子草群落入侵初期以及清除后的植被恢复。

关键词: 喜旱莲子草, 生物入侵, 生态位, 种间关联, 稳定性, 群落

Abstract:

Alternanthera philoxeroides is the most damaging invasive alien species in China and unbalances local ecosystems and threatens the survival of native species, thus, attracting increasing attention from all sectors of society. Interspecific plant associations, which are significant quantitative and structural characteristics, reflect relationships among species in a plant community as well as community stability, and they also have important theoretical significance and application values for studying the interaction of invasive and native species, which can provide an important basis for predicting and evaluating the damage degree of invasive species. To effectively predict and evaluate the level of A. philoxeroides invasion and provide reference for biological invasion control and native biodiversity protection, we investigated 50 communities invaded by A. philoxeroides in Wuhan Prefecture of Hubei and explored the interspecific associations between the community species using χ² test and Ochiai index (I_O). We assessed community stability using the variance ratio (R_v) and contribution law method, and examined Levins niche breadth, Shannon niche breadth, Schoener niche similarity and Pianka niche overlap of main species. Results showed that: (1) there were 43 species in the A. philoxeroides communities. The importance value and niche breadth of A. philoxeroides was the largest among the 17 species that we studied, and A. philoxeroides had the highest niche width which overlapped greatly with companion species. It indicated that A. philoxeroides had the largest dominance, the dominant accompanying species were Cynodon dactylon, Paspalum paspaloides, Digitaria sanguinalis. (2) the variance ratio and W tests showed that the overall interspecific associations were negative associations among the main species. The species pairs with no significant correlation accounted for 95.24%, which indicated that most of the species showed an independent distribution pattern. There were negative correlations between A. philoxeroides and 13 main species, which was related to its invasiveness. There were high niche overlaps and positive association between A. philoxeroides and Paspalum paspaloides, A. philoxeroides and Cynodon dactylon, A. philoxeroides and Digitaria sanguinalis, indicating that these species had similar environmental requirements in a certain period of time, but also that P. Paspaloides, C. dactylon, and D. sanguinalis had strong resistance to the invasion of A. philoxeroides. (3) Community stability analysis showed that the coordinate (37.62, 63.28) between the inverse accumulative percentage of species and their accumulative relative frequency was far from the stability point (20, 80), which indicated that these communities ere in an unstable state. Our findings could be helpful in species selection for biologically controlling to A. philoxeroides in the lake areas.

Key words: Alternanthera philoxeroides, biological invasion, niche, interspecific association, stability, community

中图分类号:

Q948
X17

郭佳琦, 陈俊辰, 黄旬, 黄佳乐, 赵丽娅, 李兆华. 喜旱莲子草入侵群落主要物种生态位和种间联结研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1607-1616.

GUO Jiaqi, CHEN Junchen, HUANG Xun, HUANG Jiale, ZHAO Liya, LI Zhaohua. Niche Characteristics and Interspecific Associations of the Dominant Species of the Communities Invaded by Alternanthera philoxeroides[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1607-1616.

图/表 7

图1 研究区域位置

Fig. 1 Location of study area

表1 喜旱莲子草群落植物的重要值和生态位宽度

Table 1 Importance value and niche breadth of plants in Alternanthera philoxeroides community

编号 No.	科 Family	物种名 Species	重要值 Importance value/%	生态位宽度 Niche breadth
编号 No.	科 Family	物种名 Species	重要值 Importance value/%	B_L	B_S
1	苋科 Amaranthaceae	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides*	18.06	0.80	3.78
2	禾本科 Poaceae	狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon	9.43	0.70	3.60
3	禾本科 Poaceae	双穗雀稗 Paspalum paspaloides	7.84	0.59	3.41
4	禾本科 Poaceae	马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	7.24	0.44	3.19
5	禾本科 Poaceae	结缕草 Zoysia japonica	5.66	0.38	3.01
6	旋花科 Convolvulaceae	圆叶牵牛 Ipomoea purpurea	4.56	0.40	3.08
7	禾本科 Poaceae	黑麦草 Lolium perenne	4.43	0.26	1.93
8	禾本科 Poaceae	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	3.72	0.26	2.67
9	蓼科 Polygonaceae	酸模 Rumex acetosa	3.37	0.26	2.67
10	蓼科 Polygonaceae	绵毛酸模叶蓼 Persicaria lapathifolia	3.33	0.19	2.36
11	桑科 Moraceae	葎草 Humulus scandens	3.19	0.15	2.15
12	菊科 Asteraceae	鳢肠 Eclipta prostrata	3.15	0.23	2.56
13	菊科 Asteraceae	小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis*	2.40	0.10	1.78
14	酢浆草科 Oxalidaceae	酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	2.19	0.14	2.19
15	菊科 Asteraceae	狼杷草 Bidens tripartita	2.06	0.13	2.03
16	天门冬科 Asparagaceae	麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus	2.00	0.11	1.91
17	雨久花科 Pontederiaceae	鸭舌草 Monochoria vaginalis	2.00	0.12	1.93
18	‒	其他24种	15.37	‒	‒

表2 喜旱莲子草群落主要物种生态位相似性指数（对角线左）和生态位重叠指数（对角线右）

Table 2 Niche similarity (diagonal to the left) and niche overlap (diagonal to the right) of main plant species in the Alternanthera philoxeroides community

编号No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1		0.72	0.69	0.55	0.53	0.55	0.56	0.41	0.48	0.38	0.28	0.36	0.31	0.36	0.22	0.21	0.19
2	0.64		0.74	0.61	0.51	0.62	0.34	0.51	0.47	0.27	0.32	0.42	0.18	0.27	0.25	0.21	0.26
3	0.58	0.67		0.48	0.59	0.40	0.41	0.26	0.26	0.21	0.19	0.31	0.25	0.24	0.32	0.24	0.23
4	0.45	0.52	0.51		0.28	0.40	0.00	0.45	0.36	0.30	0.51	0.36	0.16	0.18	0.33	0.14	0.31
5	0.38	0.41	0.47	0.28		0.22	0.44	0.22	0.26	0.11	0.17	0.32	0.12	0.13	0.39	0.36	0.40
6	0.42	0.50	0.39	0.41	0.23		0.20	0.32	0.29	0.31	0.30	0.39	0.40	0.17	0.15	0.27	0.31
7	0.34	0.25	0.31	0.00	0.36	0.17		0.08	0.19	0.24	0.04	0.15	0.00	0.32	0.07	0.09	0.05
8	0.24	0.34	0.21	0.36	0.17	0.31	0.09		0.35	0.15	0.22	0.40	0.28	0.23	0.16	0.10	0.26
9	0.28	0.32	0.22	0.32	0.21	0.28	0.16	0.38		0.04	0.33	0.19	0.24	0.38	0.09	0.22	0.09
10	0.21	0.17	0.14	0.22	0.07	0.26	0.18	0.15	0.05		0.19	0.13	0.08	0.23	0.40	0.22	0.00
11	0.14	0.16	0.14	0.31	0.12	0.21	0.03	0.15	0.30	0.16		0.00	0.23	0.05	0.12	0.10	0.30
12	0.22	0.28	0.26	0.26	0.30	0.36	0.15	0.34	0.19	0.12	0.00		0.17	0.17	0.07	0.19	0.23
13	0.12	0.07	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.22	0.00	0.16	0.15	0.06	0.22	0.13		0.00	0.00	0.28	0.00
14	0.16	0.21	0.22	0.17	0.11	0.17	0.20	0.27	0.23	0.19	0.07	0.21	0.00		0.14	0.25	0.06
15	0.11	0.12	0.16	0.18	0.21	0.12	0.08	0.16	0.10	0.37	0.14	0.06	0.00	0.17		0.33	0.57
16	0.09	0.10	0.12	0.09	0.22	0.17	0.05	0.09	0.20	0.15	0.15	0.14	0.30	0.19	0.27		0.37
17	0.08	0.13	0.12	0.19	0.25	0.18	0.03	0.16	0.05	0.00	0.25	0.17	0.00	0.07	0.48	0.30

表3 种间总体关联性

Table 3 Overall interspecific associations among main plant species in the Alternanthera philoxeroides community

方差比率 Variance ratio	检验统计量 Statistic W	χ ²临界值 [ $χ 0.95 2$ (50), $χ 0.05 2$ (50)]	检验结果 Results
0.92	45.82	34.76, 67.50	不显著负关联 Non-significant negative association

表3 种间总体关联性

Table 3 Overall interspecific associations among main plant species in the Alternanthera philoxeroides community

方差比率 Variance ratio	检验统计量 Statistic W	χ ²临界值 [ $χ 0.95 2$ (50), $χ 0.05 2$ (50)]	检验结果 Results
0.92	45.82	34.76, 67.50	不显著负关联 Non-significant negative association

表4 主要物种种间关联性的χ 2统计量检验

Table 4 χ2 correlation test of main plant species in the Alternanthera philoxeroides community

编号 No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1		0.38	0.06	0.00	-0.03	-0.01	-0.19	-0.19	-0.19	-0.47	-0.71	-0.24	-1.40	-0.57	-0.88	-1.10	-1.10
2	+		1.75	0.24	-0.10	1.80	-1.88	2.30	-0.63	-0.47	-0.09	-0.01	-1.17	-0.01	-0.14	-0.61	-0.03
3	+	+		0.65	0.76	-0.02	-0.26	-0.26	-0.26	-2.66	0.00	-0.01	-0.49	-0.05	-0.13	-0.02	-0.02
4	+	+	+		-0.66	0.09	-20.33	1.10	0.03	0.02	1.80	0.02	0.11	-0.05	1.07	0.01	0.49
5	-	-	+	-		-1.54	0.02	-1.27	-0.25	-2.15	0.04	0.16	0.00	-0.25	0.01	1.66	1.66
6	-	+	-	+	-		-2.21	0.98	0.14	0.09	0.07	1.69	5.72	0.01	0.02	1.10	0.05
7	-	-	-	▼	+	-		-1.81	0.45	0.02	0.93	0.23	1.52	0.15	0.01	0.28	0.28
8	-	◯	-	+	-	+	-		1.81	0.02	0.03	0.80	0.44	0.15	0.01	0.13	0.13
9	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	+		1.80	2.09	0.23	0.44	0.15	0.01	0.13	0.28
10	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	+	+		0.18	0.19	0.04	0.07	2.63	0.00	1.05
11	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		2.74	2.59	0.08	0.00	0.06	0.06
12	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		0.03	0.30	0.40	0.24	0.17
13	-	-	-	+	+	△	+	+	+	+	+	+		0.58	0.30	4.33	0.18
14	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		0.01	0.01	0.01
15	-	-	-	+	+	◯	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		0.18	7.00
16	-	-	-	◯	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	△	+	+		0.37
17	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	▲	+

图2 主要物种种间匹配系数Ochiai（IO）半矩阵物种编号含义见表1

Fig. 2 Semi-matrix diagram of Ochiai index (IO) of main species in the Alternanthera philoxeroides community Species codes are the same as in Table 1

图3 喜旱莲子草群落稳定性分析

Fig. 3 Stability graph for Alternanthera philoxeroides community

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喜旱莲子草入侵群落主要物种生态位和种间联结研究

Niche Characteristics and Interspecific Associations of the Dominant Species of the Communities Invaded by Alternanthera philoxeroides

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