土壤和气候因素对土壤有机碳平均周转时间的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1192-1201.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.010

土壤和气候因素对土壤有机碳平均周转时间的影响

王瑾¹^,²(), 陈书涛¹^,²^,^*(), 丁司丞², 张苗苗², 胡正华²

1.南京信息工程大学/江苏省农业气象重点实验室, 江苏南京 210044
2.南京信息工程大学应用气象学院, 江苏南京 210044

收稿日期:2020-12-30 出版日期:2021-06-18 发布日期:2021-09-10
通讯作者: * 陈书涛,E-mail: chenstyf@aliyun.com
作者简介:王瑾（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为生态系统碳氮循环。E-mail: 17863205133@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41775151);国家自然科学基金项目(41775152)

Effects of the Soil and Climate Factors on the Mean Turnover Times of Soil Organic Carbon

WANG Jin¹^,²(), CHEN Shutao¹^,²^,^*(), DING Sicheng², ZHANG Miaomiao², HU Zhenghua²

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology/Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2. School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China

Received:2020-12-30 Online:2021-06-18 Published:2021-09-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究不同气候条件下不同地区土壤有机碳平均周转时间的变异规律对于探讨未来气候变化情景下土壤有机碳的稳定性及空间变化具有重要意义。为研究不同气候条件下不同地点土壤有机碳平均周转时间的差异及其与土壤和气候因素的关系,采集南宁、常州、宿迁、牡丹江4个不同气候区11个样点的土壤,在当地年平均土壤湿度和25%土壤湿度下培养土壤,测定1年的累积土壤异养呼吸量、有机碳含量,进而估算土壤有机碳平均周转时间,并测定土壤pH、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量。结果表明,不同气候区的土壤有机碳平均周转时间存在明显差异,具有最低年平均温度和年降水量的牡丹江土壤有机碳平均周转时间最大。在采样点年平均土壤湿度下培养土壤的有机碳平均周转时间变异范围为 (18.60±3.90)—(74.73±10.47) a,在25%土壤湿度下培养土壤的有机碳平均周转时间变异范围为 (13.40±1.61)—(83.54±19.28) a。在采样点土壤湿度培养土壤的有机碳平均周转时间变化主要与有机碳含量有关,而与年异养呼吸量无显著（P>0.05）相关性;当土壤湿度提高到25%之后,土壤有机碳平均周转时间变化则受到土壤有机碳含量和年异养呼吸量的双向调节,且培养土壤的湿度提高到25%后,土壤有机碳平均周转时间显著（P<0.05）增加。土壤有机碳平均周转时间随土壤全氮含量增加而增大（P<0.05）,随土壤速效磷含量增加而减小（P<0.05）。土壤有机碳平均周转时间与土壤pH和速效钾含量无显著回归关系（P>0.05）。基于土壤总氮含量（TN）、有效磷含量（SAP）、年平均温度（MAT）、年平均降水量（AP）的模拟方程[MTT=13.156e^{(0.667TN-0.005}^S^{AP+ 0.019MAT-0.311AP)}]可模拟采样地点土壤湿度下土壤有机碳平均周转时间（MTT）85.5%的变异,基于总氮含量（TN）、年平均温度（MAT）、年平均降水量（AP）的模拟方程[MTT=7.637e^{(0.906TN+0.127MAT-2.393AP)}]可模拟25%土壤湿度下土壤有机碳平均周转时间82.6%的变异。该研究显示不同采样点土壤有机碳平均周转时间存在极显著（P<0.001）差异,且这种差异主要与土壤和气候因素的差异有关。

关键词: 土壤, 气候, 平均周转时间, 有机碳, 全氮, 有效磷

Abstract:

Investigating the variations in the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon in the different sites and different climate zones is crucial to examine the stability and spatial variability of soil organic carbon under the scenario of future climate change. The 11 soil samples from the four different climate zones of Nanning, Changzhou, Suqian and Mudanjiang were collected for incubation to investigate the differences in the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon in the different sites and climate zones and their relationships with soil and climate factors. Two soil moisture regimes, which were the mean annual soil moisture in the sampling sites and the 25% gravimetric water content were used in the incubation experiments. The annual cumulative soil heterotrophic respiration and soil organic carbon content were measured, and the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon were estimated. The soil pH and the contents of soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were also measured. The results showed that the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon differed in the different climate zones. The soil collected from Mudanjiang, which has the lowest mean annual temperature and annual precipitation, had the greatest mean turnover times of soil organic carbon. The mean turnover times of soil organic carbon measured for the mean annual soil moisture in the sampling sites varied from (18.60±3.90) a to (74.73±10.47) a, while that measured for the 25% gravimetric water content varied from (13.40±1.61) a to (83.54±19.28) a. The mean turnover times of soil organic carbon measured for the mean annual soil moisture in the sampling sites were influenced by the soil organic carbon, but they were not correlated with the annual cumulative heterotrophic respiration. The mean turnover times of soil organic carbon measured for the 25% gravimetric water content were regulated by the dual-directional regulation of soil organic carbon and heterotrophic respiration. Moreover, the increases in soil moisture induced an increase in the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon. The mean turnover times of soil organic carbon increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase in the soil total nitrogen content, but decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase in soil available phosphorus content. There were no significant (P>0.05) correlationships between the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon and soil pH and between the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon and soil available potassium content. A multiple regression model [MTT=13.156e^{(0.667TN-0.005SAP+0.019MAT-0.311AP)}] based on the soil total nitrogen content (TN), soil available phosphorus content (SAP), mean annual temperature (MAT) and annual precipitation (AP) explained 87.8% of the variation in the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon (MTT) for the mean annual soil moisture in the sampling sites. A multiple regression model [MTT=7.637e^{(0.906TN+ 0.127MAT-2.393AP)}] based on soil total nitrogen content (TN), mean annual temperature (MAT) and annual precipitation (AP) explained 80.1% of the variation in the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon for the soil 25% moisture. The present study shows that the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon varied between different sites and the variations in the mean turnover times of soil organic carbon are related with the soil and climate factors.

Key words: soil, climate, mean turnover times, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus

中图分类号:

S15
X142

王瑾, 陈书涛, 丁司丞, 张苗苗, 胡正华. 土壤和气候因素对土壤有机碳平均周转时间的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(6): 1192-1201.

WANG Jin, CHEN Shutao, DING Sicheng, ZHANG Miaomiao, HU Zhenghua. Effects of the Soil and Climate Factors on the Mean Turnover Times of Soil Organic Carbon[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(6): 1192-1201.

图/表 11

参考文献 36

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地点 Sites	编号 Code	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Elevation/m	气候类型 Climate types	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation/mm	年均温度 Mean annual air temperature/℃	土地类型 Land use types	土壤类型 Soil types	植被类型 Vegetation types
广西南宁 Nanning, Guangxi	NN1	23°11'41"N	108°52'21"E	104.0	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1304.2	21.6	农田 Cropland	铁铝土 Ferralosols	玉米 Maize
广西南宁 Nanning, Guangxi	NN2	23°11'14"N	108°52'00"E	109.0	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1304.2	21.6	森林 Forest	铁铝土 Ferralosols	桉树 Eucalyptus
广西南宁 Nanning, Guangxi	NN3	23°11'28"N	108°52'11"E	113.0	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1304.2	21.6	森林 Forest	铁铝土 Ferralosols	松树 Pine
江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	CZ1	31°34'12"N	120°02'26"E	9.5	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1091.4	15.8	果园 Orchard	水稻土 Paddy soil	葡萄 Grape
江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	CZ2	31°39'23"N	120°00'53"E	2.0	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1091.4	15.8	农田 Cropland	水稻土 Paddy soil	玉米 Maize
江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	CZ3	31°34'14"N	120°02'28"E	10.0	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1091.4	15.8	果园 Orchard	水稻土 Paddy soil	桃树 Peach
江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	CZ4	31°34'14"N	120°02'26"E	9.3	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1091.4	15.8	农田 Cropland	水稻土 Paddy soil	水稻 Rice
江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	CZ5	31°39'14"N	120°00'48"E	0.1	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1091.4	15.8	农田 Cropland	水稻土 Paddy soil	水稻 Rice
江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu	SQ1	33°49'48"N	118°44'14"E	13.2	温带季风气候 Temperate monsoon climate	910	13.6	农田 Cropland	水稻土 Paddy soil	水稻 Rice
江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu	SQ2	33°49'47"N	118°44'14"E	5.8	温带季风气候 Temperate monsoon climate	910	13.6	农田 Cropland	水稻土 Paddy soil	水稻 Rice
黑龙江牡丹江 Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang	MDJ	44°24'01"N	129°22'36"E	413.0	温带季风气候 Temperate monsoon climate	542	4.3	农田 Cropland	黑土 Terra Preta	南瓜 Pumpin

地点 Sites	编号 Code	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Elevation/m	气候类型 Climate types	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation/mm	年均温度 Mean annual air temperature/℃	土地类型 Land use types	土壤类型 Soil types	植被类型 Vegetation types
广西南宁 Nanning, Guangxi	NN1	23°11'41"N	108°52'21"E	104.0	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1304.2	21.6	农田 Cropland	铁铝土 Ferralosols	玉米 Maize
广西南宁 Nanning, Guangxi	NN2	23°11'14"N	108°52'00"E	109.0	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1304.2	21.6	森林 Forest	铁铝土 Ferralosols	桉树 Eucalyptus
广西南宁 Nanning, Guangxi	NN3	23°11'28"N	108°52'11"E	113.0	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1304.2	21.6	森林 Forest	铁铝土 Ferralosols	松树 Pine
江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	CZ1	31°34'12"N	120°02'26"E	9.5	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1091.4	15.8	果园 Orchard	水稻土 Paddy soil	葡萄 Grape
江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	CZ2	31°39'23"N	120°00'53"E	2.0	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1091.4	15.8	农田 Cropland	水稻土 Paddy soil	玉米 Maize
江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	CZ3	31°34'14"N	120°02'28"E	10.0	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1091.4	15.8	果园 Orchard	水稻土 Paddy soil	桃树 Peach
江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	CZ4	31°34'14"N	120°02'26"E	9.3	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1091.4	15.8	农田 Cropland	水稻土 Paddy soil	水稻 Rice
江苏常州 Changzhou, Jiangsu	CZ5	31°39'14"N	120°00'48"E	0.1	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	1091.4	15.8	农田 Cropland	水稻土 Paddy soil	水稻 Rice
江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu	SQ1	33°49'48"N	118°44'14"E	13.2	温带季风气候 Temperate monsoon climate	910	13.6	农田 Cropland	水稻土 Paddy soil	水稻 Rice
江苏宿迁 Suqian, Jiangsu	SQ2	33°49'47"N	118°44'14"E	5.8	温带季风气候 Temperate monsoon climate	910	13.6	农田 Cropland	水稻土 Paddy soil	水稻 Rice
黑龙江牡丹江 Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang	MDJ	44°24'01"N	129°22'36"E	413.0	温带季风气候 Temperate monsoon climate	542	4.3	农田 Cropland	黑土 Terra Preta	南瓜 Pumpin

编号 Code	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content/ (g∙kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ (g∙kg^-1)	pH	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/ (mg∙kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg∙kg^-1)
NN1	21.52±0.02d	1.98±0.08c	4.45±0.02g	49.52±1.40bcd	300.20±151.61bc
NN2	33.78±0.38b	2.58±0.01b	4.92±0.06f	20.00±4.58d	117.35±18.20d
NN3	34.72±2.62b	2.28±0.24bc	5.25±0.03e	29.27±15.87cd	137.77±22.97cd
CZ1	17.10±1.00e	2.00±0.05c	6.47±0.19d	110.73±22.81a	484.48±48.87a
CZ2	11.72±0.68f	1.33±0.01e	4.21±0.04h	82.43±0.74ab	181.23±25.3cd
CZ3	12.26±0.34f	1.44±0.04e	5.25±0.07e	72.64±27.27ab	398.25±31.49ab
CZ4	16.95±0.75e	1.72±0.03de	6.77±0.06c	28.96±3.79cd	173.74±20.15cd
CZ5	17.52±0.32e	1.97±0.18cd	5.46±0.07e	28.28±4.58cd	203.84±184.43cd
SQ1	14.86±1.24ef	0.77±0.08f	7.79±0.06a	29.18±5.05cd	155.08±25.48cd
SQ2	25.84±1.76c	2.36±0.06bc	7.59±0.04ab	64.64±10.37bc	208.22±33.71cd
MDJ	39.99±1.39a	3.38±0.31a	7.53±0.07b	87.29±15.87ab	198.22±2.11c

编号 Code	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content/ (g∙kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ (g∙kg^-1)	pH	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/ (mg∙kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg∙kg^-1)
NN1	21.52±0.02d	1.98±0.08c	4.45±0.02g	49.52±1.40bcd	300.20±151.61bc
NN2	33.78±0.38b	2.58±0.01b	4.92±0.06f	20.00±4.58d	117.35±18.20d
NN3	34.72±2.62b	2.28±0.24bc	5.25±0.03e	29.27±15.87cd	137.77±22.97cd
CZ1	17.10±1.00e	2.00±0.05c	6.47±0.19d	110.73±22.81a	484.48±48.87a
CZ2	11.72±0.68f	1.33±0.01e	4.21±0.04h	82.43±0.74ab	181.23±25.3cd
CZ3	12.26±0.34f	1.44±0.04e	5.25±0.07e	72.64±27.27ab	398.25±31.49ab
CZ4	16.95±0.75e	1.72±0.03de	6.77±0.06c	28.96±3.79cd	173.74±20.15cd
CZ5	17.52±0.32e	1.97±0.18cd	5.46±0.07e	28.28±4.58cd	203.84±184.43cd
SQ1	14.86±1.24ef	0.77±0.08f	7.79±0.06a	29.18±5.05cd	155.08±25.48cd
SQ2	25.84±1.76c	2.36±0.06bc	7.59±0.04ab	64.64±10.37bc	208.22±33.71cd
MDJ	39.99±1.39a	3.38±0.31a	7.53±0.07b	87.29±15.87ab	198.22±2.11c

土壤和气候因素对土壤有机碳平均周转时间的影响

Effects of the Soil and Climate Factors on the Mean Turnover Times of Soil Organic Carbon

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