Evaluation of the Effects and Soil Health Impacts of Iron-Modified Woody Peat in the Remediation of Moderately Cadmium and Arsenic Contaminated Paddy Fields Based on Multi-Site Long-Term Positioning Experiments

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.04.010

Ecology and Environment ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 608-620.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.04.010

• Research Article【Environmental Science】 • Previous Articles Next Articles

Evaluation of the Effects and Soil Health Impacts of Iron-Modified Woody Peat in the Remediation of Moderately Cadmium and Arsenic Contaminated Paddy Fields Based on Multi-Site Long-Term Positioning Experiments

CUI Xuedan¹(), DUAN Guilan¹, WANG Xiangqin², LI Zhifeng², DOU Fei², DU Yanhong², YUAN Yuzhen², LIU Chuanping², LI Fangbai²^,^*()

1. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management/Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China

Received:2025-01-24 Online:2025-04-18 Published:2025-04-24
Contact: LI Fangbai

基于两地长期定位试验的铁改性木本泥炭修复中轻度镉砷污染稻田效果与土壤健康效应评价

崔雪丹¹(), 段桂兰¹, 王向琴², 李志丰², 窦飞², 杜衍红², 袁雨珍², 刘传平², 李芳柏²^,^*()

1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心/城市与区域生态国家重点实验室，北京 100085
2.广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室，广东广州 510650

通讯作者: 李芳柏
作者简介:崔雪丹（1998年生），女，博士研究生，研究方向为植物-微生物-重金属相互作用机制探究。E-mail:ax1655680772@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1700804);“十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022SDZG08);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2023B0202010027);广州市重点研发计划项目(2023B03J1286);国家产业产业岗位专家项目(ACRS-19)

Abstract

Abstract:

The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated agricultural land often prioritizes achieving compliance rates for agricultural products and reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil. However, comprehensive assessments of soil health impacts induced by remediation materials remain scarce. To address this gap, a three-year, six-season field positioning experiment was conducted in moderately cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) co-contaminated paddy fields across Shaoguan and Huizhou, Guangdong Province. This study evaluated the long-term efficacy and soil health effects of three treatments: reducing iron powder (Fe), woody peat (C), and iron-modified woody peat (Fe-C), applied annually before early and late rice planting. Soil health indicators, including physicochemical properties (pH, organic matter (OM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC)), heavy metal content (rice Cd, rice As, available soil Cd, and available soil As), and rice yield, were systematically monitored. A multi-criteria scoring function was developed to integrate these indicators into a composite Soil Health Index (SHI), enabling a holistic evaluation of remediation outcomes. The results demonstrated that Fe-C application outperformed other treatments, achieving a 47.8% and 61.2% reduction in rice Cd and As contents, respectively, along with a 60.4% and 69.8% decline in soil available Cd and As, respectively. Concurrently, the rice yield increased by 17%, which was attributed to enhanced soil fertility and structural stability. Over three years, Fe-C elevated soil pH by 0.35 and 0.37 units in Shaoguan and Huizhou, respectively, boosted OM by 0.50 and 2.02 g·kg⁻¹, and increased CEC by 1.27 and 1.49 cmol·kg⁻¹. The SHI analysis revealed that Fe-C elevated soil health to a “high” or “very high” level, with those in Shaoguan exhibiting greater improvement than in Huizhou, likely due to its lower baseline soil quality and higher initial heavy metal stress. Mechanistically, Fe-C synergistically combines the adsorption capacity of woody peat-derived humic substances with the redox activity of zero-valent iron, promoting Cd immobilization via pH-dependent precipitation and As sequestration through oxidative adsorption onto iron oxides. Notably, woody peat alone exacerbated As bioavailability owing to the humus-mediated reductive dissolution of As-bearing minerals, whereas Fe-C mitigated this risk by stabilizing As(V) through Fe(III)-As(V) co-precipitation. Regional disparities in remediation efficacy were linked to divergent soil properties; the acidic, low-OM soil showed pronounced responsiveness to pH and CEC enhancements in the field of Shaoguan, whereas the inherently higher OM buffered Cd/As mobility but limited further organic carbon accrual in the field of Huizhou. The scoring framework, incorporating a Gaussian cumulative distribution and sigmoidal functions, provided robust discrimination of treatment effects across heterogeneous soil matrices, although future iterations could benefit from integrating microbial diversity metrics. These findings highlight Fe-C as a sustainable amendment for simultaneous Cd/As immobilization and the restoration of soil health, particularly in moderately contaminated agroecosystems. This study advances practical strategies for reconciling food safety and soil sustainability in heavy-metal-affected regions while highlighting the necessity of context-specific remediation protocols tailored to local pedoenvironmental conditions.

Key words: cadmium and arsenic co-contamination, availability of cadmium and arsenic, cadmium and arsenic content in rice grains, iron-modified woody peat, evaluation of soil health effects, paddy fields

摘要： 农用地重金属污染修复的研究多关注农产品达标率和土壤重金属有效态下降的比例，而对于修复材料影响土壤健康则较少关注。在韶关、惠州两地中轻度镉砷复合污染稻田开展了为期3年6季的定位试验，在每年早稻、晚稻种植前，分别向试验小区施加还原铁粉、木本泥炭和铁改性木本泥炭，研究镉砷同步钝化效果，同时，对测定的所有土壤健康指标按照理化性质（pH、OM、CEC）、重金属含量（稻米Cd、稻米As、土壤有效态Cd、土壤有效态As）及稻米产量进行分组并构建评分函数，评价铁改性木本泥炭对土壤健康的效应。结果表明，与对照相比，施加铁改性木本泥炭可显著降低稻米镉、砷含量，下降率可分别达到47.8%和61.2%；可显著降低土壤有效态Cd、As含量，下降率可分别达到60.4%和69.8%；可显著提高稻米产量，增产率可达17%。同时，施加铁改性木本泥炭提升了土壤pH值、有机碳含量和阳离子交换量（CEC值），3年间，韶关、惠州试验地土壤pH分别平均提升0.35、0.37个单位，有机质分别平均提升0.50、2.02 g·kg⁻¹，CEC值平均提高1.27、1.49 cmol·kg⁻¹，显著地提升了土壤质量。土壤健康指数评价表明，施加铁改性木本泥炭极大地提高了总体健康指数，土壤健康状况达到高等水平以上。尽管惠州试验地的土壤健康指数高于韶关，但铁改性木本泥炭对韶关试验地土壤健康指数的提升更显著，这可能与韶关试验地土壤健康质量指数本底值较低有关。研究结果为铁改性木本泥炭在土壤修复中的长期应用提供了科学依据。

关键词: 镉砷复合污染, 镉砷有效性, 稻米镉砷含量, 铁改性木本泥炭, 土壤健康效应评价, 稻田

CLC Number:

CUI Xuedan, DUAN Guilan, WANG Xiangqin, LI Zhifeng, DOU Fei, DU Yanhong, YUAN Yuzhen, LIU Chuanping, LI Fangbai. Evaluation of the Effects and Soil Health Impacts of Iron-Modified Woody Peat in the Remediation of Moderately Cadmium and Arsenic Contaminated Paddy Fields Based on Multi-Site Long-Term Positioning Experiments[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(4): 608-620.

崔雪丹, 段桂兰, 王向琴, 李志丰, 窦飞, 杜衍红, 袁雨珍, 刘传平, 李芳柏. 基于两地长期定位试验的铁改性木本泥炭修复中轻度镉砷污染稻田效果与土壤健康效应评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(4): 608-620.

Figures/Tables 13

References 32

[1]	CAO Y, LI X, QIAN X Y, et al., 2023. Soil health assessment in the Yangtze River Delta of China: Method development and application in orchards[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 341: 108190.
[2]	CHANG C H, WEI C C, LIN L H, et al., 2016. Humic acids enhance the microbially mediated release of sedimentary ferrous iron[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(5): 4176-4184.
[3]	DUAN C Q, REN J, TAO L, et al., 2023. Study of the remediation effect and mechanism of biochar-loaded nZVI on heavy metal contaminated soil[J]. Sustainability, 15(24): 16753.
[4]	FAN J, CHEN X, XU Z B, et al., 2020. One-pot synthesis of nZVI-embedded biochar for remediation of two mining arsenic-contaminated soils-Arsenic immobilization associated with iron transformation[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 398: 122901.
[5]	FERREIRA C S S, SEIFOLLAHI-AGHMIUNI S, DESTOUNI G, et al., 2022. Soil degradation in the European Mediterranean region: Processes, status and consequences[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 805: 150106.
[6]	FINE A K, VAN ES H M, SCHINDELBECK R R, 2017. Statistics, scoring functions, and regional analysis of a comprehensive soil health database[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 81(3): 589-601.
[7]	KARLEN D L, VEUM K S, SUDDUTH K A, et al., 2019. Soil health assessment-Past accomplishments, current activities, and future opportunities[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 195: 104365.
[8]	LIU J W, JIANG J G, MENG Y, et al., 2020. Preparation, environmental application and prospect of biochar-supported metal nanoparticles: A review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 388: 122026.
[9]	QIAO J T, LIU T X, WANG X Q, et al., 2018. Simultaneous alleviation of cadmium and arsenic accumulation in rice by applying zero-valent iron and biochar to contaminated paddy soils[J]. Chemosphere, 195: 260-271.
[10]	SUN Z, QIAN X Y, SHAABAN M, et al., 2019. Effects of iron(III) reduction on organic carbon decomposition in two paddy soils under flooding conditions[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(12): 12481-12490.
[11]	THOMASARRIGO L K, VONTOBEL S, NOTINI L, et al., 2023. Coprecipitation with ferrihydrite inhibits mineralization of glucuronic acid in an anoxic soil[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(25): 9204-9213.
[12]	TSVETNOV E V, MAKAROV O A, STROKOV A S, et al., 2021. The role of soils in land degradation assessment: A review[J]. Eurasian Soil Science, 54(3): 441-447.
[13]	WANG L, CHEN H R, WU J Z, et al., 2021. Effects of magnetic biochar-microbe composite on Cd remediation and microbial responses in paddy soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 414: 125494.
[14]	WANG S S, ZHAO M Y, ZHOU M, et al., 2019. Biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC) for contaminant removal from soil and water: A critical review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 373: 820-834. DOI PMID
[15]	WANG X Q, LIU T X, LI F B, et al., 2018. Effects of simultaneous application of ferrous iron and nitrate on arsenic accumulation in rice grown in contaminated paddy soil[J]. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 2(2): 103-111.
[16]	WANG Y L, LIU Y Z, SU G P, et al., 2021. Transformation and implication of nanoparticulate zero valent iron in soils[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 412: 125207.
[17]	WU D, WU L, LIU K L, et al., 2024. Contrasting effects of iron oxides on soil organic carbon accumulation in paddy and upland fields under long-term fertilization[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 369: 122286.
[18]	XU J X, LI X M, SUN G X, et al., 2019. Fate of labile organic carbon in paddy soil is regulated by microbial ferric iron reduction[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(15): 8533-8542.
[19]	XUE W J, WEN S Q, CHEN X Y, et al., 2024. How does the biochar-supported sulfidized nanoscale zero-valent iron affect the soil environment and microorganisms while remediating cadmium contaminated paddy soil?[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 46(7): 222. DOI PMID
[20]	ZECCHIN S, WANG J, MARTIN M, et al., 2023. Microbial communities in paddy soils: Differences in abundance and functionality between rhizosphere and pore water, the influence of different soil organic carbon, sulfate fertilization and cultivation time, and contribution to arsenic mobility and speciation[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 99(11): 1-15.
[21]	ZHANG H H, CHEN J J, ZHU L, et al., 2011. Spatial patterns and variation of soil cadmium in Guangdong Province, China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 109(1-3): 86-91.
[22]	ZHANG J Z, LI Y Z, JIA J Y, et al., 2023. Applicability of soil health assessment for wheat-maize cropping systems in smallholders’ farmlands[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 353: 108558.
[23]	ZHANG Y, ZHAO C C, CHEN G L, et al., 2020. Response of soil microbial communities to additions of straw biochar, iron oxide, and iron oxide-modified straw biochar in an arsenic-contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(19): 23761-23768.
[24]	ZHOU G X, CHEN L, ZHANG C Z, et al., 2023. Bacteria-virus interactions are more crucial in soil organic carbon storage than iron protection in biochar-amended paddy soils[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(48): 19713-19722.
[25]	陈娟, 袁贝, 任杰, 等, 2022. 农用地土壤Cd有效态含量的安全阈值研究[J]. 环境科学研究, 35(12): 2792-2800.
	CHEN J, YUAN B, REN J, et al., 2022. Study on safety threshold of available cd in agriculture land soil[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 35(12): 2792-2800.
[26]	李烜桢, 骆永明, 侯德义, 2022. 土壤健康评估指标框架及程序研究进展[J]. 土壤学报, 59(3): 617-624.
	LI X Z, LUO Y M, HOU D Y, 2022. The indicators, framework and procedures for soil health: A critical review[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 59(3): 617-624.
[27]	宋启道, 方佳, 王富华, 等, 2008. 广东省主要蔬菜产地土壤中重金属含量调查与评价[J]. 环境污染与防治 (5): 91-93.
	SONG Q D, FANG J, WANG F H, et al., 2008. Investigation and evaluation of heavy metal content in soils of main vegetable producing areas in Guangdong Province[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control (5): 91-93.
[28]	王向琴, 刘传平, 杜衍红, 等, 2018. 零价铁与腐殖质复合调理剂对稻田镉砷污染钝化的效果研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 27(12): 2329-2336. DOI
	WANG X Q, LIU C P, DU Y H, et al., 2018. Effects of stabilizing remediation of Cd and As in paddy rice by applying combined zero-valent iron and humus[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 27(12): 2329-2336.
[29]	吴克宁, 杨淇钧, 赵瑞, 2021. 耕地土壤健康及其评价探讨[J]. 土壤学报, 58(3): 537-544.
	WU K N, YANG Q J, ZHAO R, 2021. A discussion on soil health assessment of arable land in China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 58(3): 537-544.
[30]	杨国义, 张天彬, 万洪富, 等, 2007. 广东省典型区域农业土壤中重金属污染空间差异及原因分析[J]. 土壤, 39(3): 387-392.
	YANG G Y, ZHANG T B, WAN H F, et al., 2007. Spatial differences and causes of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils in typical regions of Guangdong Province[J]. Soils, 39(3): 387-392.
[31]	中华人民共和国生态环境部, 国家市场监督管理总局, 2018. 土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准 (试行): GB 15618—2018[S]. 北京: 中国环境出版集团: 4.
	Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, State Administration for Market Regulation, 2018. Soil environmental quality Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land (for trial implementation): GB 15618—2018[S]. Beijing: China Environment Publishing Group: 4.
[32]	中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会, 国家市场监督管理总局, 2022. 食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量: GB 2762—2022[S]. 北京: 中国质量标准出版传媒有限公司: 18.
	National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, State Administration for Market Regulation, 2022. National Food Safety Standard Maximum levels of contaminants in foods: GB 2762—2022[S]. Beijing: China Quality Standards Publishing & Media Co., Ltd.: 18.

研究区域	有机质质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	总氮质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	有效磷质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效钾质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	CEC/ (cmol·kg⁻¹)	pH	总Cd质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	总As质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效态Cd质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效态As质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)
韶关	15.3	1.52	34.5	79.0	10.5	6.93	3.07	90.1	1.26	13.3
惠州	20.2	1.33	77.4	59.8	9.89	5.2	0.35	49.3	0.15	8.05

研究区域	有机质质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	总氮质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	有效磷质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效钾质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	CEC/ (cmol·kg⁻¹)	pH	总Cd质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	总As质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效态Cd质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效态As质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)
韶关	15.3	1.52	34.5	79.0	10.5	6.93	3.07	90.1	1.26	13.3
惠州	20.2	1.33	77.4	59.8	9.89	5.2	0.35	49.3	0.15	8.05

处理		韶关地块		惠州地块
处理		Cd	As	Cd	As
CK	平行1	2.98±0.32	88.5±1.78	0.35±0.02	49.3±3.21
	平行2	3.07±0.26	90.1±2.69	0.38±0.03	48.9±2.56
	平行3	2.96±0.12	89.3±0.45	0.37±0.05	49.6±3.39
C	平行1	2.93±0.28	87.2±2.32	0.36±0.01	50.1±2.47
	平行2	2.87±0.19	88.9±1.48	0.35±0.02	49.7±3.52
	平行3	2.99±0.27	88.5±1.32	0.34±0.02	48.6±2.94
Fe	平行1	2.79±0.33	89.1±2.26	0.37±0.04	48.6±4.05
	平行2	2.82±0.10	87.7±1.54	0.33±0.03	47.8±3.33
	平行3	2.94±0.22	89.3±3.51	0.35±0.02	49.2±2.67
Fe-C	平行1	2.78±0.35	88.2±2.94	0.35±0.02	51.7±2.48
	平行2	2.93±0.13	88.4±1.67	0.36±0.01	50.7±3.77
	平行3	3.11±0.08	89.3±2.08	0.36±0.02	48.6±4.14

处理		韶关地块		惠州地块
处理		Cd	As	Cd	As
CK	平行1	2.98±0.32	88.5±1.78	0.35±0.02	49.3±3.21
	平行2	3.07±0.26	90.1±2.69	0.38±0.03	48.9±2.56
	平行3	2.96±0.12	89.3±0.45	0.37±0.05	49.6±3.39
C	平行1	2.93±0.28	87.2±2.32	0.36±0.01	50.1±2.47
	平行2	2.87±0.19	88.9±1.48	0.35±0.02	49.7±3.52
	平行3	2.99±0.27	88.5±1.32	0.34±0.02	48.6±2.94
Fe	平行1	2.79±0.33	89.1±2.26	0.37±0.04	48.6±4.05
	平行2	2.82±0.10	87.7±1.54	0.33±0.03	47.8±3.33
	平行3	2.94±0.22	89.3±3.51	0.35±0.02	49.2±2.67
Fe-C	平行1	2.78±0.35	88.2±2.94	0.35±0.02	51.7±2.48
	平行2	2.93±0.13	88.4±1.67	0.36±0.01	50.7±3.77
	平行3	3.11±0.08	89.3±2.08	0.36±0.02	48.6±4.14

理化指标	区域	不同处理	2016年早造	2016年晚造	2017年早造	2017年晚造	2018年早造	2018年晚造	均值1	均值2	变异系数
pH	韶关	CK	7.34±0.04c	7.23±0.03c	7.26±0.04a	7.36±0.04c	7.33±0.04b	7.36±0.06c	7.31	7.33	4.69
		C	6.94±0.03d	6.98±0.04d	6.81±0.04d	6.72±0.05d	6.77±0.12c	6.59±0.07d	6.80
		Fe	7.53±0.04b	7.51±0.04b	7.40±0.06b	7.51±0.04b	7.62±0.04a	7.56±0.05b	7.52
		Fe-C	7.67±0.02a	7.64±0.03a	7.66±0.10a	7.64±0.02a	7.67±0.06a	7.70±0.03a	7.66
	惠州	CK	5.28±0.05c	5.26±0.03c	5.27±0.05c	5.29±0.03a	5.32±0.04c	5.29±0.05c	5.29	5.32	6.20
		C	4.95±0.01d	4.94±0.02d	4.93±0.04d	4.82±0.06c	4.76±0.10d	4.58±0.08d	4.83
		Fe	5.51±0.07b	5.48±0.05b	5.44±0.06b	5.55±0.04b	5.49±0.08b	5.60±0.07b	5.51
		Fe-C	5.72±0.05a	5.61±0.07a	5.60±0.06a	5.65±0.02a	5.66±0.06a	5.73±0.05a	5.66
OM质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	16.2±0.8b	16.0±0.7b	15.7±0.2b	15.4±2.0b	15.2±0.0b	14.4±0.5b	15.5	15.65	4.39
		C	16.7±0.7a	16.4±0.1a	16.1±0.5ab	15.6±1.3a	15.3±0.1a	14.7±0.8a	15.8
		Fe	16.2±0.6b	16.0±0.3b	15.7±0.3b	15.3±1.1b	14.7±0.4b	14.4±1.0b	15.4
		Fe-C	16.7±0.3a	16.5±0.3a	16.2±0.1a	15.9±1.9a	15.5±0.3a	15.0±0.3a	16.0
	惠州	CK	19.6±0.7b	20.3±0.9b	20.3±0.3b	20.2±1.2b	19.9±1.4b	19.5±0.7b	20.0	20.90	6.02
		C	20.3±1.0a	21.2±0.6a	21.2±0.2a	22.7±1.1a	20.4±0.2ab	23.0±2.7ab	21.5
		Fe	19.7±1.3b	20.6±2.4b	20.3±1.1b	20.8±0.9b	20.2±1.3ab	19.7±0.4b	20.2
		Fe-C	20.4±0.5a	22.2±1.2a	21.3±1.0a	23.7±3.1a	20.5±0.2a	23.8±1.8a	22.0
CEC/ (cmol·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	10.7±0.3b	10.4±0.5b	10.4±0.2b	10.5±0.0b	10.5±0.3b	10.5±0.3b	10.5	11.1	10.4
		C	10.8±0.3a	11.2±0.6a	11.3±0.4a	12.9±0.9a	12.7±0.3a	12.7±1.0a	11.9
		Fe	10.7±0.3b	10.9±0.2ab	7.43±5.26b	10.7±0.5b	10.8±0.2b	10.3±0.4b	10.1
		Fe-C	10.8±0.3a	11.2±0.7a	11.6±0.6a	12.1±0.5a	12.8±0.3a	12.2±0.9a	11.8
	惠州	CK	10.0±0.7b	10.6±1.0b	10.3±1.4b	10.6±0.7b	9.83±0.67b	9.81±0.53b	10.2	10.87	7.90
		C	10.4±1.1a	10.8±1.4a	11.1±1.8ab	11.9±1.8a	11.7±1.5a	12.2±0.6a	11.34
		Fe	9.78±0.90b	10.6±1.3b	10.4±0.6b	10.6±1.2b	9.98±0.65b	10.3±0.5b	10.28
		Fe-C	10.8±0.8a	10.7±0.9a	12.2±1.3a	11.6±1.1a	12.4±3.0a	12.3±1.7a	11.67

Evaluation of the Effects and Soil Health Impacts of Iron-Modified Woody Peat in the Remediation of Moderately Cadmium and Arsenic Contaminated Paddy Fields Based on Multi-Site Long-Term Positioning Experiments

基于两地长期定位试验的铁改性木本泥炭修复中轻度镉砷污染稻田效果与土壤健康效应评价

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 13

References 32

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

重金属含量	区域	不同处理	2016年早造	2016年晚造	2017年早造	2017年晚造	2018年早造	2018年晚造	均值1	均值2	变异系数
土壤有效态Cd质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	1.06±0.15a	1.48±0.16a	1.29±0.09a	1.64±0.08a	1.00±0.04a	1.16±0.07a	1.27	1.04	30.2
		C	0.94±0.10a	1.35±0.14a	0.96±0.09b	1.23±0.08c	0.99±0.13a	0.83±0.04b	1.05
		Fe	1.02±0.07a	1.43±0.20a	1.01±0.06b	1.38±0.06b	0.96±0.10a	1.11±0.05a	1.15
		Fe-C	0.42±0.07b	0.94±0.11b	0.53±0.01c	1.07±0.04c	0.40±0.02b	0.74±0.04b	0.68
	惠州	CK	0.15±0.00a	0.17±0.01a	0.16±0.01a	0.17±0.00a	0.17±0.01a	0.18±0.01a	0.17	0.14	19.3
		C	0.13±0.00b	0.14±0.00b	0.11±0.01c	0.14±0.02b	0.17±0.01a	0.15±0.01b	0.14
		Fe	0.12±0.01b	0.13±0.01bc	0.13±0.00b	0.13±0.01b	0.13±0.00b	0.14±0.01bc	0.13
		Fe-C	0.08±0.00c	0.12±0.00b	0.09±0.00d	0.12±0.00b	0.10±0.01c	0.13±0.01c	0.11
土壤有效态As质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	12.9±0.7a	11.2±1.0a	14.3±0.4a	13.0±0.4a	12.5±0.7a	12.2±0.9a	12.7	10.1	31.6
		C	13.0±0.8a	12.0±1.0a	12.8±1.1b	12.0±0.3b	12.9±0.7a	12.9±0.1a	12.6
		Fe	9.93±0.65b	8.65±0.28b	9.81±0.62c	9.20±0.45c	9.44±0.45b	8.72±0.58b	9.29
		Fe-C	7.17±0.18c	3.39±0.34c	8.12±0.26d	4.04±0.04d	7.23±0.17c	3.75±0.38c	5.62
	惠州	CK	8.33±0.20b	7.59±0.49b	7.31±0.07b	6.40±0.15b	8.71±0.93a	8.12±0.16b	7.74	6.63	32.8
		C	10.1±0.70a	9.45±0.84a	8.22±0.48a	9.05±0.32a	9.39±0.52a	9.23±0.16a	9.24
		Fe	5.94±0.09c	5.13±0.88c	6.26±0.37c	5.11±0.43c	5.98±0.53b	5.23±0.41c	5.61
		Fe-C	4.79±0.15d	3.32±0.04d	4.02±0.11d	2.87±0.07d	4.87±0.13c	3.64±0.25d	3.92

区域	年份	类型	年内差异			年内差异
区域	年份	类型	Cd降幅/ %	LSD_0.05	LSD_0.01	As降幅/ %	LSD_0.05	LSD_0.01
韶关	2016年	早稻	60.6±3.55	b	B	44.1±1.94	b	B
	2016年	晚稻	36.4±1.06	a	A	69.8±0.59	a	A
	2017年	早稻	58.4±3.63	b	B	43.1±0.36	b	B
	2017年	晚稻	34.7±1.46	a	A	68.9±0.68	a	A
	2018年	早稻	60.3±1.08	b	B	42.0±1.88	b	B
	2018年	晚稻	35.7±0.83	a	A	69.0±5.16	a	A
惠州	2016年	早稻	43.6±2.67	b	B	42.5±3.11	b	B
	2016年	晚稻	28.5±1.99	a	A	56.1±2.91	a	A
	2017年	早稻	40.5±1.72	b	B	45.1±0.93	b	B
	2017年	晚稻	28.7±0.65	a	A	55.1±0.39	a	A
	2018年	早稻	40.7±1.34	b	B	43.7±5.34	b	B
	2018年	晚稻	29.8±1.21	a	A	55.2±2.23	a	A

稻田产量	区域	不同处理	2016年早造	2016年晚造	2017年早造	2017年晚造	2018年早造	2018年晚造	均值1	均值2	变异系数
稻米产量/ (kg·30⁻¹·m⁻²)	韶关	CK	18.63±0.25c	15.67±0.81c	20.37±1.89b	18.13±1.04c	20.93±1.37b	18.83±0.58c	18.76	20.06	10.92
		C	20.20±0.46b	17.87±0.74ab	22.17±1.15ab	19.40±1.37b	23.67±0.76a	21.43±0.75b	20.79
		Fe	18.37±0.45c	16.57±1.10bc	20.03±1.57b	18.77±1.42bc	21.17±1.26b	18.87±0.90c	18.96
		Fe-C	21.47±0.38a	18.20±0.87a	23.60±2.33a	21.10±1.21a	24.13±1.70a	21.93±0.76a	21.74
	惠州	CK	16.36±0.94b	15.65±0.43c	17.44±0.40c	16.19±0.71c	20.03±0.40b	18.13±0.54b	17.30	18.46	10.99
		C	18.75±0.30a	18.15±0.17a	19.30±0.54ab	18.29±0.48b	22.06±1.46a	20.92±1.09a	19.58
		Fe	15.77±1.17b	16.71±0.35b	17.61±1.63bc	15.71±0.41c	18.29±2.19b	16.72±1.12c	16.80
		Fe-C	18.77±1.16a	18.49±0.65a	20.10±0.24a	19.18±0.80a	22.89±0.38a	21.47±0.55a	20.15

重金属含量	区域	不同处理	2016年早造	2016年晚造	2017年早造	2017年晚造	2018年早造	2018年晚造	均值1	均值2	变异系数
稻米Cd质量分数/(mg·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	0.70±0.07a	0.75±0.07a	0.74±0.06a	0.70±0.02a	0.69±0.08a	0.69±0.05a	0.71	0.55	25.14
		C	0.53±0.04b	0.51±0.03b	0.46±0.03c	0.44±0.04c	0.46±0.05b	0.47±0.04bc	0.48
		Fe	0.65±0.02a	0.67±0.05a	0.63±0.05b	0.61±0.06b	0.63±0.05a	0.55±0.01b	0.62
		Fe-C	0.29±0.03c	0.48±0.04b	0.33±0.02d	0.44±0.02c	0.31±0.02c	0.45±0.03c	0.38
	惠州	CK	0.43±0.03a	0.46±0.03a	0.46±0.03a	0.50±0.02a	0.43±0.01a	0.48±0.01a	0.46	0.37	23.42
		C	0.39±0.03a	0.39±0.03b	0.38±0.01b	0.39±0.00b	0.38±0.00b	0.39±0.02b	0.39
		Fe	0.38±0.05a	0.41±0.05ab	0.37±0.01b	0.39±0.01b	0.39±0.00b	0.36±0.02c	0.38
		Fe-C	0.19±0.00b	0.26±0.00c	0.21±0.00c	0.30±0.00c	0.19±0.01c	0.29±0.01d	0.24
稻米As质量分数/(mg·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	1.00±0.11a	1.14±0.15a	1.13±0.12b	1.25±0.15a	1.17±0.14b	1.27±0.18a	1.16	0.94	38.26
		C	1.05±0.10a	1.14±0.17a	1.49±0.07a	1.44±0.13a	1.35±0.06a	1.42±0.04a	1.32
		Fe	0.79±0.03b	0.77±0.05b	0.81±0.08c	0.83±0.03b	0.90±0.04c	0.81±0.08b	0.82
		Fe-C	0.52±0.03c	0.32±0.03c	0.54±0.04d	0.36±0.01c	0.60±0.03d	0.36±0.03c	0.45
	惠州	CK	0.33±0.01b	0.31±0.01a	0.38±0.02a	0.33±0.00a	0.42±0.01a	0.38±0.01a	0.36	0.30	28.58
		C	0.37±0.01a	0.35±0.04a	0.38±0.01a	0.35±0.02a	0.43±0.01a	0.39±0.01a	0.38
		Fe	0.26±0.02c	0.22±0.00b	0.28±0.01b	0.26±0.00b	0.34±0.03b	0.32±0.01b	0.28
		Fe-C	0.19±0.01d	0.14±0.00c	0.22±0.01c	0.15±0.00c	0.24±0.01c	0.17±0.01c	0.19

土壤健康指标		计分方式	评分函数
理化性质	pH	“中间最优型”	S=100×S′
	OM	“越大越好”	S=100×C
	CEC	“越大越好”	S=100×C
重金属含量	稻米Cd	“越小越好”	S=100×(1−C)
	稻米As	“越小越好”	S=100×(1−C)
	土壤有效态Cd	“越小越好”	S=100×(1−C)
	土壤有效态As	“越小越好”	S=100×(1−C)
稻田产量	稻米产量	“越大越好”	S=100×C

[1]	ZHANG Shujuan, CHEN Xinlong, QI Jingfan, DONG Yuexiao, YU Jiazheng, YOU Zhaoyang. Remediation of Soil Polluted with Vanadium Via Arbuscular Mycorrhiza [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(4): 631-641.
[2]	WU Xinyou, TU Chen, LIU Guoming, YANG Shuai, WANG Yi, WANG Xuyang, LUO Runlai, LI Zhongyuan, LUO Yongming. Structural, Physicochemical and Cadmium Adsorption Properties of Millimeter-Scale Magnetic Composite Clay-Based Remediation Materials [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(4): 621-630.
[3]	LI Qiliang, LU Huixiong, SUN Yongbin, WANG Bing, ZHAGN En, XUE Qing, HAN Shaofei, NIU Haiwei. Research on Knowledge-driven Remote Sensing Identification Method of Suspected Black and Odor Water Body in Cities [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(3): 451-460.
[4]	ZHANG Chuanhua, LIU Li, DAI Jie, LI Manman, ZHANG Fengtai, DENG Ling. Classification and Risk Management of Cultivated Land Environmental Quality Based on Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Accumulation [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(2): 311-320.
[5]	HAN Junchao, ZHENG Maokun, TU Chen, LIU Ying, CAO Zhenyu, XING Qianwen, SHEN Weishou, LUO Yongming. Research Progresses and Prospects on the Application of Magnetotactic Bacteria in Environmental Remediation [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(1): 145-155.
[6]	XU Mingyu, YU Longsheng. Soil Improvement Effect of Agricultural and Forestry Waste Organic Materials on Ionic Rare Earth Mine Tailing [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(1): 126-134.
[7]	CHANG Chunying, WANG Gang, CAO Haoxuan, DENG Yirong, TAO Liang. Impact of Simulated Dry-wet Process on Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb) in Stabilization Remediated Soils [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(1): 118-125.
[8]	GUAN Guoqing, HUANG Zilin, JIANG Longfei, LUO Chunling. Influence of Sedum plumbizincicola on the Reduction of Organic Contaminants and Microorganisms in Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(12): 1931-1943.
[9]	JI Shengying, LI Jie, LI Xin, TAO Yu, CHEN Juan, WANG Xiaoyu. Research on the Interaction of Environmental Factors and Genotypes on Cadmium Accumulation in Cucurbit Vegetables and the Soil Safe Threshold [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(12): 1944-1952.
[10]	LI Pujun, TANG Li, ZHAO Bo, DI Dongliu, CHEN Yan, XIAO Jiang, CHEN Guangcai. The Amelioration of Biochar Soil Amendment on Antimony Mining Soil and Growth of Betula luminifera [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(12): 1953-1963.
[11]	LI Wenzhang, HU Yaru, LI Fayun, WANG Wei, ZHANG Jining, GUO Qin. Preparation of Iron Modified Biochar-attapulgite Carrier Immobilized Bacterial Agent and Its Remediation for Soil Contaminated by Chlorobenzene [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(11): 1782-1791.
[12]	YAN Siyao, YANG Guang, BAI Yan, GAO Yifan, LIANG Luyu, GONG Feng, HUANG Guoyong, PAN Dandan, LI Xiaomin. Effect of Rice on Arsenic Transformation in Paddy Soil under Flooded Conditions [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(11): 1756-1767.
[13]	HE Ziqi, FANG Xi, HONG Yu. Influence of Plant Configuration on Sediment Size and the Removal of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Agricultural Drainage Ditches [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(11): 1727-1736.
[14]	TANG Shuya, WANG Chunhui, SONG Jing, LI Gang. Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Xiangshan Bay Area [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(11): 1768-1781.
[15]	CONG Xin, ZHANG Huaidi, ZHANG Rong, ZHAO Cen, CHEN Kun, LIU Hanbing. Pollution Characteristics and Risk Analysis of Heavy Metal in Farmland Soils of China in Recent 10 Years Based on Meta Analysis [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(9): 1451-1459.