It is of great significance for regional ecological construction to grasp the dynamic change characteristics of ecosystem service value (ESV) and clarify the evolution trend of its leading factors. Based on the remote sensing interpretation data of 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2019, the characteristics of ESV dynamic changes in Hubei Province were analyzed using the equivalent factor method and spatial statistical tools. Furthermore, the random forest model was used to clarify the dominant factors of ESV, and the spatio-temporal weighted regression model was further used to explore the dominant factors. The results show that (1) the amount of ESV in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2019 decreased by 124.31×10⁸ yuan, but the ESV’s decreasing rate at 2005-2010 decreased from 1.14% to 0.57% during 2015-2019. Over the years, ESVs presented a distribution feature of “higher in the surrounding and lower in the middle”. During the study period, ESV in 83.4% regions fluctuated slightly and presented at a stable spatial distribution. (2) The results of random forest sequencing showed that social and economic factors were more important to ESV, followed by natural factors. The most important factors were human activity (60.16%), net primary productivity (50.66%), annual rainfall (46.85%), gross regional product density (34.00%), population density (29.53%) and construction land proportion (29.36%), respectively, and the topographic and temperature ranked behind of them. The results of the importance of ESV leading factors changes showed that factors increased in varying degrees, except the human activities and precipitation. (3) The strength and fluctuation trends of the dominant factors for ESV in different regions varied. Human activities had the strongest driving effect on ESV, showing a global negative correlation, which was most obvious in western Hubei. The positive impact area of net primary productivity was mainly located in the east of Enshi County, the west of Yichang City and the west of Shiyan City. The negative impact of annual rainfall was gradually stabilized in the Jianghan Plain. The fluctuation trends of population density and GDP density in the Three Gorges and Danjiangkou reservoir areas diverged since 2010. The fluctuation trend of the proportion of construction land was positive at west and negative at east. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of ecological protection policies and sustainable development in Hubei Province.

Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem, which possesses extremely important production and ecological functions. Long-term overutilization and climate change, however, have contributed to degradations of grassland ecosystems worldwide. The natural restoration of degraded grasslands takes long time, and manipulating practices could be indispensable to accelerate the restoration. Although grassland ecological restorations have been studied for several decades in China, the phenomenon of degradation-restoration-re-degradation-re-restoration is common, and grassland degradation has not been comprehensively improved due to the ecological functions have not been paid enough attention. Lately, ecological priority and green development are emphasized, and more attention has been paid to grassland protection and ecological restoration. Restoration of degraded grassland ecosystems is a major problem and daunting task to be solved urgently in China. To provide scientific references for the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, we reviewed the researches of grassland ecological restoration, as well as the main practical and policy measures. Restoration effects, limiting factors and existing shortcomings of different practical measures (no-tillage sowing, rational grazing, artificial pasture establishment, fence enclosure, tillage and fertilization) were also assessed. On these bases, research directions and suggestions for the grassland ecological restoration in the future were put forth: (1) To establish a modern grass husbandry system and management pattern to fundamentally solve the contradiction between grass and livestock is the prime way to tackle the grassland degradation and ecological restoration; (2) To improve the grassland degradation classification and grading system to provide theoretical bases for ecological restoration; (3) To strengthen the development and utilization of native grass germplasms and soil microorganisms to provide material support for ecological restoration; (4) To break through the theoretical and technical bottlenecks to restore the grasslands full of poisonous weeds; (5) To build a region-classification-grade theoretical and technical system and evaluation system of ecological restoration. Grassland ecological restoration is a complicated, transdisciplinary and systematic engineering, and the key is to strengthen multi-field cooperation.

Soil microbial community structure and diversity of potato rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere were studied by using Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technologies (soil becteria, 16S rDNA gene; soil fungi, 18 s rDNA gene), and then explore the relationships between soil microbial community structure and diversity and soil nutrients, providing theoretical data for the healthily planting potato. The results showed that: (1) The pH of potato in rhizosphere soil was significantly lower than that of non-rhizosphere (P<0.05), and the conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorus of rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than that of non-rhizosphere (P<0.05), while the difference between total phosphorus and non-rhizosphere soil was not significant (P>0.05). (2) The richness index of bacteria and fungi, shannon-wiener index, ACE index and Chao 1 index in potato rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than those in non-rhizosphere soil (P<0.05). However, there were no significant difference in the coverage, uniformity and Simpson index between the rhizosphere and the non-rhizosphere (P>0.05). (3) The dominant soil bacterial phylum in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, followed by Planctomycetaceae, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria in rhizosphere was higher than non-rhizosphere soil, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in rhizosphere was lower than non-rhizosphere soil. Similarly, the dominant soil fungal phylum in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, followed by Zygomycota, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Glomeromycota, Blastocladiomycota. (4) Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis showed that bacterial and fungal communities of potato in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil had good similarity, and bacterial communities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere had obvious separation effect. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between soil bacteria and fungus Coverage and ACE and soil nutrients (P>0.05). Soil pH was negatively correlated with soil bacterial and fungal diversity, while soil electrical conductivity and total phosphorus were not significantly correlated with soil bacterial and fungal diversity (P>0.05). And (5) redundancy analysis showed that 7 soil environmental factors explained 86% of the total characteristic values of bacteria and 82% of fungi, respectively, indicating that soil environmental factors had a significant impact on the diversity of bacteria and fungi in potato soil. Among them, SOC and TN had great influence on soil bacterial and fungal diversity, while pH had negative influence on soil bacterial and fungal diversity.

Mulch films have been used to limit moisture loss, adjust soli temperature, and to suppress weed growth. The technique is indispensable in Chinese agriculture production. Besides, it also has made great contribution to the rise of yield as well as Chinses food security. In China, however, plastic films are often heavily used without proper recycling. Residual plastic in the soil accumulated progressively and became a threat to sustainable crop production and natural environment. Currently, we made some improvements to control plastic film pollution, but we are still facing formidable challenges, such as unclarity regulations, tenuity supervision, incapacity execution, lacking eco-friendly alternative techniques and the shortage of practical recycling methods. To overcome these challenges, we analyzed the regulation rules and standards about mulch films which are applied in developed countries and concluded some management experiences and solutions. Here, we propose the firstly, establishing supervision system to keep substandard products away from market and field. This can be achieved by clarifying the regulatory departments responsibility during the whole process of mulch films production, circulation and installation. Secondly, limiting the usage of mulch films from the source. Suitability assessments should be made before mulch films are applied. For example, in wet subtropical areas, the usage of films should be limited or prohibited. For areas with poor resource, the mulch films should be installed more efficiently in order to reduce the film usage. Thirdly, promoting the mulch films recycling. Supporting policies need to be introduced by the government, like regional green products subsidies plan. The announced supporting plans should coordinate together with the market in developing a sustainable recycling flow. Last but not least, more investments should be applied in green technology research projects and degradable film development, which will be also helpful for us to improve our assessment criteria for the film products.

Farmland is fundamental to grain production. Recently, as the grain output increased year by year, resources and environment faced with multiple challenges. The farmland is high-intensity used, seriously overdrawn, deteriorated, and polluted, which severely restrict the agricultural sustainable development in China. It is a specific way to realize the implementation of a food crop production strategy based on farmland management and the application of technology by carrying out farmland rotation and fallow system to expand overall farmland production capacity, which has a strategic significance on promoting the development of green agriculture and guaranteeing national food security. This paper analyses the advancements and practices on farmland rotation and fallow system in and abroad, and put forward the research priorities and objectives on exploring pilot program of farmland rotation and fallow system. Including investigating farmland resources and regionalization suitable for rotation and fallow in key areas, discussing technological approaches to implement farmland rotation and fallow system in key areas, and establishing systems and mechanisms for exploring pilot program of farmland rotation and fallow system. All is to provide consultation for realizing agricultural transition in the 13th Five-Year Plan and assuring grain production capacity and national food security.

Regional resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation is an important way to comprehensively measure the coordination between regional population, resources and environment, and the sustainable development of regional economy. It is of great significance to fully understand the research progress of regional resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation for guiding the future research direction. By focusing on the basic theory of resources and environment carrying capacity, the selection of evaluation methods, the construction of index system and empirical research, the domestic and foreign research results of regional resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation are sorted out, the basic theoretical research of regional resources and environment carrying capacity is less, its theoretical system has not yet formed; the limitation of single evaluation method; complex and lack of quantitative basis in index selection; the lack of attention to spatial scale diversity and regional openness in the empirical study of regional resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation. The main problems that need to be solved in the future research include: defining the definition, connotation and extension, essential characteristics, constituent elements, carrying mechanism and evolution mechanism of regional resources and environment carrying capacity, constructing theoretical analysis framework; the combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods, focusing on the introduction of GIS geospatial technology methods for analysis; designing targeted and more scientific and reasonable evaluation indicators of regional resources and environment carrying capacity based on the actual situation of regional resources and environment system; to establish a dynamic monitoring platform, real-time monitoring and analysis of regional and inter regional resources and environment.

The ecological security pattern is the basis for ensuring regional ecological security and an important means for human beings to maintain green, healthy, and sustainable development. Under the background of increasingly prominent global ecological problems, the ecological security pattern has become a hot area of ecosystem research. Strengthening the study of ecological security pattern is of great significance for maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem structure and function, protecting biodiversity, ensuring regional ecological security, and improving human well-being. Based on “conceptual analyses, fundamental framework, research progress and prospects”, this article comprehensively and systematically reviewed research results on ecological security patterns at home and abroad. The following conclusions were drawn after summarizing the research methods, scales, and contents in the literature: (1) The basic research framework of "source identification-resistance surface construction-corridor extraction" needs to be developed; (2) the identification of ecological source areas lacks a unified scientific standard, and the relationship between supply and demand of ecosystem services has not been considered; (3) the extraction method of ecological corridor needs to be further optimized; (4) there is a lack of consideration of the interrelationship between geospatial linkage and ecosystem functions; (5) The research on the coupling relationship between natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems is relatively weak. Future research may focus on the following aspects: (1) integrated research of multi-model, multi-method, and multi-technology; (2) quantitative research on dynamic consideration of ecological safety standards; (3) realistic implementation research of the game of interests of all parties; (4) research on ecological security prediction, early warning, and regulation management; (5) research on the construction of ecological security patterns serving national strategies.