Abstract:

Aerobic granular sludge has received considerable attention in the upgrading of conventional activated sludge performance owing to its strong impact resistance and excellent decontamination effect. However, its long formation time and weak stability limit its commercial application in wastewater treatment plants. To incorporate aerobic granular sludge technology in the field of wastewater treatment, it is necessary to recognize the key factors influencing the formation mechanism and structural stability in depth to achieve the purpose of precisely regulating the formation process and realizing long-term stable and effective use. In this study, the formation mechanism of aerobic granular sludge was systematically collected and analyzed in the relevant research literature, and the formation mechanism mainly focused on seven major hypotheses: nucleation theory, principle of self-coalescence, extracellular polymer hypothesis, filamentous bacterial hypothesis, cellular hydrophobicity hypothesis, selective pressure-driven hypothesis, and stage hypothesis. The key influences on its stability were analyzed from both macro and micro perspectives. Macroscopically, factors such as the reactor height-to-diameter ratio, hydraulic shear, and organic loading rate affect the formation and stability of aerobic granular sludge. Factors including microbial community sensing and secreted extracellular polymers also play important roles. The composition and function of the microbial community of aerobic granular sludge were elaborated in detail, and the intrinsic correlation between the microbial community of aerobic granular sludge and the stability performance of the granular structure was further analyzed. Based on the above research progress, combined with the actual situation and needs of engineering applications, structural stability strengthening strategies for aerobic granular sludge were summarized, including controlling the sludge particle size, improving feed and aeration methods, regulating extracellular polymer secretion, and regulating quorum sensing. The preliminary conceptualization of a technological path was based on biological enhancement, disintegration, and regranulation. The main feature was the theoretical fusion of the biological, physicochemical, and chemical properties, which may represent the research direction of quorum nucleation-co-induced granulation to a certain extent.

Key words: aerobic granular sludge, structural stability, technology path, enhanced strategy, quorum sensing-nucleation-co-induced granulation

摘要：

好氧颗粒污泥由于其强大的抗冲击能力和出色的除污效果，在常规活性污泥性能升级改造中得到热点关注，而其形成时间较长和稳定性较弱的问题限制了在污水处理厂的商业化应用。为了能尽快将好氧颗粒污泥技术广泛投入到污水处理领域中，有必要重新深入认知形成机制和结构稳定性的关键影响因素，从而达到精准调控其形成过程和实现长期稳定有效使用目的。该文通过系统地收集和分析相关研究文献，梳理了好氧颗粒污泥形成机制，形成机制主要集中在七大类假说，即晶核理论、自凝聚原理、胞外聚合物假说、丝状菌假说、细胞疏水性假说、选择压驱动假说和阶段假说等。从宏观和微观两个角度分析了其稳定性的关键影响因素。宏观上，反应器的高径比、水力剪切力、有机负荷率等因素都会对好氧颗粒污泥的形成和稳定性产生影响；微观上，微生物的群体感应及其分泌的胞外聚合物等因素也发挥着重要作用。详细阐述了好氧颗粒污泥微生物群落组成和功能，进一步整理了好氧颗粒污泥微生物群落与颗粒结构稳定性能的内在关联。依据以上研究进展并结合工程应用的实际情况和需求，总结概况了好氧颗粒污泥结构稳定强化策略，即控制污泥粒径、改善进料与曝气方式、调控胞外聚合物分泌、调控群体感应等。初步构想了基于生物强化、崩解和再造粒的技术路径，具有生化、物化和化学理论融合的特点，在一定程度上可能代表了群体感应-晶核凝聚共诱导造粒的研究方向。

关键词: 好氧颗粒污泥, 结构稳定性, 技术路径, 强化策略, 群体感应-晶核凝聚共诱导造粒