Abstract:

Antibiotics have been extensively utilized in the medical field and aquaculture industry for their exceptional antibacterial properties. However, the extensive use of antibiotics has led to a series of water pollution issues, posing serious threats to ecosystem safety and human health. Hence, developing new functional materials for removal of excessive antibiotics from water becomes one of the hot environmental topics. Graphene oxide (GO) has become a new material for antibiotic removal due to its diverse merits including high specific surface area, great hydrophilicity, appreciable acid and alkali resistance, simple preparation, and economic properties. This review first summarizes the classification and preparation methods of GO and its composites, including spatial modification, covalent bond modification, and metal oxide modification, etc. Then, we overview the recent advances in the applications, influencing factors, and functional mechanism of GO and its composites designed for antibiotic removal. Based on the adsorption principle, the results show that the effectiveness of GO composites in removing antibiotics is influenced by various factors such as the pH and ion types in the solution, the dosage of adsorbent, and the type and concentration of antibiotics. The adsorption mechanism mainly includes electrostatic interaction, π-π interaction, cation-π bond interaction, and hydrogen bond interaction. The adsorption capacity of GO materials can be significantly enhanced by introducing specific elements, metals, and organic compounds. Notably, light condition plays a crucial role in the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics by GO composites, and the key active substances include photogenerated holes, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide radicals. In addition, the addition of doped metal nanoparticles and semiconductor nanomaterials can improve photocatalytic performance. Finally, based on the comprehensive assessment of the preparation processes, removal mechanism, and application scenarios of GO and its composites, several existential issues such as the low application universality, inadequate practical application, and unclear environmental toxicity are highlighted. Therefore, future research should focus on novel material development, industrial application, and toxicity assessment in terms of GO materials-based antibiotics removal in the environment.

Key words: graphene oxide, composite, antibiotic, adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, removal mechanism

摘要：

由于具有优异的抗菌性，抗生素被广泛应用于医学领域和养殖行业。然而，近年来对抗生素大规模的使用和排放，在自然界造成了大量的累积，引发了一系列水环境污染问题，严重威胁生态系统安全和人类健康。因此，研发可去除水中过量抗生素的材料已成为当前环境领域的重要研究方向之一。氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide，GO）以其高比表面积、良好亲水性、耐酸碱性、制备简便、成本低廉等优势，成为了一种新兴的抗生素去除材料。该文首先概述了现有的GO及其复合材料分类制备方法，包括空间改造、共价键修饰和金属氧化物改性等。其次，综述了近年来GO及其复合材料在抗生素去除领域的应用、影响因素及作用机制。结果表明，基于吸附原理的GO复合材料吸附去除抗生素效果主要受溶液pH、共存离子、吸附剂投加量、抗生素类别及浓度等多种因素的影响，吸附机制主要包括静电相互作用、π-π相互作用、阳离子-π键作用和氢键作用等，通过引入元素、金属和有机化合物等手段可有效提高GO材料的吸附容量；基于光催化降解原理的抗生素去除过程中，光照条件是最重要影响因素，而其中关键活性物质包括光生空穴、羟基自由基和超氧自由基等，掺杂金属纳米粒子与半导体纳米材料等能够优化其光催化性能。最后，通过对GO及其复合材料制备过程、去除机理和应用场景的综合分析，指出其普适性不高、实际应用不足和环境毒性不明等现存问题，并提出未来应加强材料研发、产业应用和毒性效应评估等方面的研究展望。

关键词: 氧化石墨烯, 复合材料, 抗生素, 吸附, 光催化降解, 去除机理