生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 941-949.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.06.011

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于种子库视角的北京市高速路边坡喷播植被演替特征研究

欧阳群文1(), 郭小平1,*(), 郝嘉航1, 郭宇2   

  1. 1.北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083
    2.北京绿之源生态科技有限公司，北京 100085
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-05 出版日期:2025-06-18 发布日期:2025-06-11
  • 通讯作者: * 郭小平, E-mail: guoxp@bjfu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:欧阳群文（2000年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为工程绿化。E-mail: oyang0224@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504406);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2020ZD0021);林业行业标准修订项目(2023-LY-057)

Vegetation Succession Characteristics of Highway Slope Spraying in Beijing: A Perspective from the Soil Seed Bank

OUYANG Qunwen1(), GUO Xiaoping1,*(), HAO Jiahang1, GUO Yu2   

  1. 1. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
    2. Beijing Green Source Ecological Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
  • Received:2024-12-05 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2025-06-11

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摘要：

在中国高速公路交通运输网加速建设的大背景下，认识高速路边坡喷播的植被演替特征，对于提高植物群落稳定性和改善公路环境具有重要意义，然而目前对高速路边坡植被喷播效果缺乏后期跟踪研究。以北京市内3条高速路不同恢复年限边坡及周边自然边坡为研究对象，以空间代时间法，通过样地植被调查以及土壤种子库萌发试验，研究边坡土壤种子库密度、相似性及其与地上植被的关系，从种子库的角度揭示地上植被演替规律，为后期人工调控提供理论依据。结果表明：1）北京高速公路边坡土壤种子库总密度在8.89×102－1.04×103 seed·m−2之间，随恢复年限的增加呈先上升后下降的特征；2）边坡种子库之间的相似性在0.51－0.80之间，人工边坡种子库在恢复15年时与自然边坡相似性达到了极相似水平；3）边坡土壤种子库和地上植被的多样性指数呈现逐年递增的趋势；边坡土壤种子库与地上植被相似性系数在0.29－0.40之间，处于中等不相似水平。上述研究结果表明随着恢复年限的增加，人工边坡土壤种子库和地上植被的多样性逐渐增加，保留周边自然植被对土壤种子库有一定的补充作用，但补充作用有限，并且土壤种子库在演替后期对地上植被的恢复力下降。

关键词: 高速路边坡, 喷播绿化, 土壤种子库, 植被演替, 生态修复

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of the accelerated construction of highway transportation networks, it is of great significance to understand the characteristics of vegetation succession under highway slope spraying technology, because it contributes to improving plant community stability and the highway environment. However, follow-up research on the effects of highway slope vegetation spraying is lacking. In this study, slopes with different restoration years from three highways in Beijing, along with the surrounding natural slopes, were selected as research subjects. The density and similarity of the slope soil seed bank, as well as the relationship between the soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation, were investigated through vegetation surveys of sample plots and germination tests of the soil seed bank using the space-for-time substitution method. The succession patterns of the aboveground vegetation were revealed from the perspective of the seed bank, thereby providing a theoretical basis for future artificial regulation. The results showed that: 1) The total seed bank density of Beijing expressway slope soil ranged from 8.89×102 to 1.04×103 seed·m−2, initially increasing and then decreasing with the increase in restoration years. 2) The similarity between the slope seed banks ranged from 0.51 to 0.80, with the similarity between the artificial slope seed banks and natural slopes reaching highly similar levels after 15 years of restoration. 3) The diversity index of both the slope soil seed bank and the aboveground vegetation increased annually. The similarity coefficient between the slope soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation ranged from 0.29 to 0.40, indicating a medium level of dissimilarity. The results indicated that as the number of restoration years increased, the diversity of both the artificial slope soil seed bank and the aboveground vegetation gradually increased. Retention of the surrounding natural vegetation had a complementary effect on the soil seed bank, although this effect was limited. Additionally, the resilience of the soil seed bank to aboveground vegetation declined during later stages of succession.

Key words: highway slope, spray seeding greening, soil seed bank, vegetation succession, ecological restoration

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