关键词: 国土空间绿色发展, 生态系统服务, 评价体系, 耦合协调, 管制分区, 江苏省

Abstract:

Territorial space green development refers to a high-quality development model that combines the concept of the integrated development of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, and sands with the support of resources and environmental carrying capacity. It improves resource utilization efficiency, protects the ecological environment, and meets people's living needs by optimizing spatial structure, coordinating “production-living-ecological spaces”, promoting urban renewal and efficient use of inefficient land, and overall planning. Ecosystem services refer to products and services directly or indirectly provided by ecosystems that promote human social development and increase people's well-being, including supply, regulation, support, and cultural services. They are hubs that connect regional economic development and ecological protection. Territorial space green development and the realization of ecosystem service value both reflect an economic development model that conforms to and respects nature, and both implement the concept of “Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets”. There is a coupling relationship between the green development of territorial space and ecosystem services. In contrast, ecosystem services are the foundation of green development, and on the other hand, green development enhances the capacity of ecosystem services. Exploring the coupling relationship between the level of territorial space green development and ecosystem services is of great significance for coordinating high-level ecological protection and high-quality economic development in the region. Green development has a multidimensional and systematic combination. This study combines relevant academic research results and regional characteristics of Jiangsu Province to select evaluation indicators for the level of territorial space green development to scientifically and accurately evaluate the level of territorial space green development in Jiangsu Province. Based on the resource and environment carrying capacity and the suitability degree of territorial space development, 19 indicators were selected from four aspects: resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, territorial space development degree, and land use intensity degree, to construct a provincial territorial space green development evaluation system. The value of ecosystem services in Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2020 was estimated using the equivalent factor method per unit area. This study analyzes the coupling coordination relationship between the territorial space green development level and ecosystem services in Jiangsu Province through the coupling coordination degree model and standard deviation ellipse model, and divides the control zones accordingly. The results showed that 1) from 2010 to 2020, the comprehensive indices of territorial space green development in Jiangsu Province were 5.67, 6.50, and 6.86, respectively. Over the past ten years, Jiangsu Province has made rational use of ecological resources, intensively saved land resources, and actively promoted stock development. The level of territorial space green development continued to increase, with an overall growth of 1.20 and an increase of 21.1%. From 2010 to 2015, the level of territorial space green development in Jiangsu Province increased by 0.834, an increase of 14.7%; from 2015 to 2020, the level of territorial space green development increased by 0.362, with a growth rate of 5.56%. The growth rate has slowed compared to 2010‒2015, but overall, the level of territorial space green development in Jiangsu Province is good and the development trend is relatively stable. During the research period, indicators of resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, and degree of land use intensity in Jiangsu Province increased, with the highest increase in the land-use intensity indicator. Over the past ten years, the degree of territorial space development in Jiangsu Province first increased and then decreased, showing an overall downward trend. During the research period, the level of territorial space green development in various prefecture-level cities in the Jiangsu Province increased. Among them, the level of territorial space green development in Nanjing, Suzhou, and Wuxi remained stable in the top five, whereas Lianyungang, despite showing significant growth, remained at the bottom. 2) The value of ecosystem services in Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2020 was 426.74 billion yuan, 427.08 billion yuan, and 432.44 billion yuan, respectively. The value of ecosystem services continues to increase. The value ratio of supply, regulation, support, and cultural services to ecosystem services in Jiangsu Province was approximately 1.76꞉23.3꞉3.19꞉1, with regulation services accounting for the largest proportion of value. Among the various land types, the proportion of ecosystem service value in water areas was the largest, followed by cultivated land. During the research period, the ecosystem service value of Suzhou ranked first, whereas that of Zhenjiang was the lowest. From 2010 to 2020, the ecosystem service value of five prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province declined, namely, Lianyungang, Nantong, Suzhou, Wuxi, and Zhenjiang. The ecosystem service values of the eight prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province increased. The ecosystem service value in Taizhou increased the most. 3) From 2010 to 2020, the overall coordination between territorial space green development and ecosystem services in Jiangsu Province improved, but remained a low level. During the study period, except for Zhenjiang, where the coupling coordination degree decreased, all other cities showed an increase, with Taizhou growing the most, followed by Nanjing. Suzhou is in a highly coordinated stage in the degree of coupling coordination. From 2010 to 2020, the coupling coordination of 13 cities in Jiangsu Province remained stable but showed a positive trend. During the research period, the standard deviation ellipse area and short axis of the coupling coordination degree increased, whereas the long axis decreased. The overall trend of coupling coordination between territorial space green development and ecosystem services in Jiangsu Province showed an expansion in the east-west direction and a contraction in the north-south direction. 4) This study was based on the coupling and coordination relationships between ecosystem services and the level of green development in territorial space. Jiangsu Province is divided into four types: areas with high-quality coordination between ecosystem services and green development, areas with lagging ecosystem services, areas with lagging green development, and areas with low-level imbalance between ecosystem services and green development. Corresponding spatial control measures are proposed to promote sustainable development in Jiangsu Province. The research results can provide a basis for Jiangsu Province to coordinate economic development and ecological protection and evaluate and adjust regional development models in a timely manner.

Key words: territorial space green development, ecosystem service, evaluation system, coupling coordination, control zone, Jiangsu Province