青海湖流域生态系统服务空间分异规律及驱动力研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.02.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 301-309.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.02.014

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

青海湖流域生态系统服务空间分异规律及驱动力研究

李荣杰¹(), 李惠梅¹^,^*(), 武非非¹(), 赵明德²^,^*(), 王诗涵¹, 孙雪颖¹

1.青海民族大学政治与公共管理学院，青海西宁 810007
2.青海民族大学发展与规划处，青海西宁 810007

收稿日期:2023-10-23 出版日期:2024-02-18 发布日期:2024-04-03
通讯作者: 赵明德。E-mail: zmd1226@163.com
*李惠梅。E-mail: 22995670@qq.com；
作者简介:李荣杰（1997年生），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土地资源管理研究。E-mail: 1362711877@qq.com；
武非非（1998年生），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土地资源管理研究。E-mail: 3149409204@qq.com第一联系人：
#李荣杰与武非非为共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目(22BSH073);青海省科技厅项目(青海湖流域优先保护区识别及优化研究);青海民族大学校级项目(青海湖流域生态安全格局构建及优化研究)

Study on the Spatial Differentiation Pattern and Driving Force of Ecosystem Services in Qinghai Lake Basin

LI Rongjie¹(), LI Huimei¹^,^*(), WU Feifei¹(), ZHAO mingde²^,^*(), WANG Shihan¹, SUN xueying¹

1. School of Politics and Public Administration, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, P. R. China
2. Planning and Development Branch, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, P. R. China

Received:2023-10-23 Online:2024-02-18 Published:2024-04-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在青海湖流域拟建国家公园的背景下，生态系统服务空间分异及其驱动因素的探析，可以极大的促进生态环境保护与修复政策制定及区域可持续发展。以青海湖流域为研究对象，基于2010-2020年的土地利用变化，分析生态系统服务的动态变化，探讨了生态系统服务的空间异质性，并引入地理探测器模型探究了生态系统服务空间分异的自然和社会经济驱动因素。结果表明，1）2010-2020年草地作为主要地类变化幅度小；水域面积增幅最大，其主要源于未利用地和草地的转入。2010-2020年ESV表现为弱递增趋势，总生态系统服务价值（ESV）由1.35×10³亿元增加到1.37×10³亿元，增加了1.48%；其中，水域贡献率最大（1.04×10³亿元以上），其次是草地（274亿元以上）。生态服务功能以调节服务为主，贡献量达到1.12×10³亿元以上。2）青海湖流域ESV呈现出从湖体向周围递减的空间格局，并表现出显著的高程依赖性；流域ESV存在显著的空间正相关（Moran's I均为正数）和聚集分布；高高值和低低值聚集区为空间上的主要聚集区，高高值聚集区主要聚集在低海拔区，低低值聚集区则主要分布在高海拔区，高高值和低低值聚集区在2010-2020年均呈递增趋势，但低低值聚集区增幅极小。3）ESV空间异质性是自然地理和社会经济因素协同作用的结果，自然因素影响力表现出更高的敏感性，海拔和气候所体现出的空间异质性是ESV的主要驱动因素。低海拔地区ESV空间聚集性等结果表明，今后仍需关注人类活动和气候变化对ESV的影响和权衡，以缓解人地矛盾进而推进青海湖国家公园建设。该研究可为区域生态系统保护和管理奠定科学基础，也可为决策者评估生态屏障区的生态安全提供理论基础和参考。

关键词: 空间分异, 生态系统服务价值, 驱动因素, 青海湖流域

Abstract:

In the context of the proposed establishment of a national park in the Qinghai Lake Basin, exploring the spatial differentiation of ecosystem services and their drivers is important for ecological environmental protection, restoration, and regional sustainable development. Taking Qinghai Lake Basin as the research object, this study analyzes the dynamic changes of ecosystem services based on land use changes from 2010 to 2020, explores the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services, and introduces a geoprobe model to explore the driving factors of spatial differentiation of ecosystem services. The results showed that 1) from 2010 to 2020, the change in grassland as the main land type was small, and the increase in water area was the largest, mainly due to the transfer of unutilized land and grassland. From 2010 to 2020, ESV showed a weak increasing trend, with the total ecosystem service value (ESV) increasing from 135 billion yuan to 137 billion yuan, an increase of 1.48%. Among them, the contribution of the watershed was the largest (more than 1.04×10² billion yuan), followed by grassland (more than 27.4 billion yuan). The ecological service function was dominated by regulating services, contributing to more than 112 billion yuan. 2) The ESV in the Qinghai Lake Basin showed a spatial pattern of decrease from the lake body to the surrounding area, and exhibited significant elevation dependence. The ESV in the basin has a significant positive spatial correlation (Moran's I is positive) and aggregation distribution; high-high value and low-low value aggregation areas are the main spatial aggregation areas, with the high-high value aggregation areas mainly aggregated in the low-altitude areas, and the low-low-value aggregation areas mainly distributed in the high-altitude areas. The high-high value and low-low value aggregation areas showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2020, but the increase in the low-low value aggregation areas was extremely small. 3) The spatial heterogeneity of ESV is the result of the synergistic effect of natural geographic and socioeconomic factors, with natural factors having a stronger influence than social factors, and elevation and climatic factors being the main drivers of spatial heterogeneity of ESV. The results indicate that in the future, considering the spatial aggregation of ESVs in low-elevation areas, it is still necessary to pay attention to the impacts and trade-offs of human activities and climate change on ESVs, to alleviate human-land conflicts and maintain the sustainable development of the region, and to promote the construction of Qinghai Lake National Park. At the same time, the present study provides a theoretical basis and reference for decision makers to assess the ecological security of ecological barrier areas.

Key words: spatial differentiation, ecosystem service values, driving factors, Qinghai Lake Basin

中图分类号:

X171.1

李荣杰, 李惠梅, 武非非, 赵明德, 王诗涵, 孙雪颖. 青海湖流域生态系统服务空间分异规律及驱动力研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(2): 301-309.

LI Rongjie, LI Huimei, WU Feifei, ZHAO mingde, WANG Shihan, SUN xueying. Study on the Spatial Differentiation Pattern and Driving Force of Ecosystem Services in Qinghai Lake Basin[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(2): 301-309.

图/表 10

图1 研究区地理位置概况及不同等级高程示意图审图号：GS(2020)4632号，源于自然资源部

Figure 1 The location of the study area and elevation maps at different levels

图2 2010-2020年青海湖流域土地利用转移矩阵

Figure 2 Land use change transfer matrix of Qinghai Lake Basin from 2010 to 2020

表1 青海湖流域2010-2020年生态系统服务功能

Table 1 Ecosystem Service Functions of Qinghai Lake Basin from 2010 to 2020

生态服务功能	2010年		2015年		2020年
生态服务功能	ESV/ 10⁹元	比例/ %	ESV/ 10⁹元	比例/ %	ESV/ 10⁹元	比例/ %
供给服务	9.74	7.27	9.78	7.2	9.88	7.22
调节服务	112	82.9	113	83.1	114	83.2
支持服务	10.4	7.70	10.5	7.72	10.5	7.66
文化服务	3.06	2.27	3.08	2.26	3.09	2.26
总计	135	100	136	100	137	100

表2 青海湖流域2010-2020年不同土地利用类型ESV

Table 2 ESV of different land use types in Qinghai Lake Basin from 2010 to 2020

年份	ESV及比例	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地	总计
2010年	ESV/10⁹元	0.290	2.69	27.5	104	0	0.515	135
2010年	比例/%	0.215	1.99	20.4	77.0	0.00	0.381	100
2015年	ESV/10⁹元	0.289	2.76	27.6	105	0	0.499	136
2015年	比例/%	0.212	2.03	20.3	77.1	0.00	0.367	100
2020年	ESV/10⁹元	0.289	2.69	27.4	106	0	0.502	137
2020年	比例/%	0.211	1.97	20.0	77.4	0.00	0.370	100

图3 2010-2020年青海湖流域生态系统服务价值空间分布

Figure 3 Spatial distribution of ESV in Qinghai Lake Basin from 2010 to 2020

图4 青海湖流域2010-2020年不同海拔梯度ESV C、F、G、W、B、U分别表示耕地、林地、草地、水域、建设用地、未利用地

Figure 4 ESV of different elevation gradients in Qinghai Lake Basin from 2010 to 2020

表3 全局空间自相关显著性检验

Table 3 Significance test for global Moran's I

指数	2010年	2015年	2020年
Moran's I	0.885	0.884	0.892
z scores	153	152	161
P value	0.001	0.001	0.001

图5 青海湖流域ESV的LISA分布图

Figure 5 LISA aggregation of ESV in Qinghai Lake Basin

表4 单因子探测结果

Table 4 Single-factor probe results

年份	X₁		X₂		X₃		X₄		X₅		X₆
年份	q	p	q	p	q	p	q	p	q	p	q	p
2010	0.029	0.000	0.117	0.000	0.029	0.000	0.214	0.000	0.350	0.000	0.031	0.000
2015	0.031	0.000	0.134	0.000	0.033	0.124	0.226	0.000	0.356	0.000	0.061	0.000
2020	0.031	0.000	0.142	0.000	0.067	0.000	0.240	0.000	0.377	0.000	0.111	0.000

图6 双因子交互探测结果

Figure 6 Interaction detection results

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青海湖流域生态系统服务空间分异规律及驱动力研究

Study on the Spatial Differentiation Pattern and Driving Force of Ecosystem Services in Qinghai Lake Basin

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