生态保护重要性分区及其长时间序列生境状况时空分异研究——以广东省为例

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.06.013

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 958-968.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.06.013

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

生态保护重要性分区及其长时间序列生境状况时空分异研究——以广东省为例

向男(), 王明旭, 张宏锋, 廖宝淦

广东省环境科学研究院，广东广州 510045

收稿日期:2024-01-23 出版日期:2024-06-18 发布日期:2024-07-30
作者简介:向男（1990年生），男，工程师，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为生态环境空间管控、水生态环境综合治理等。E-mail: xiangnan4116@163.com
基金资助:
广东省环保专项资金项目(粤财资环[2021]13号);广东省环保专项资金项目(粤财预[2024]4号)

Research on Zoning of Ecological Conservation Importance and Its Spatio-temporal Differentiation of Habitat Status Over a Long Time Sequence: A Case Study in Guangdong Province

XIANG Nan(), WANG Mingxu, ZHANG Hongfeng, LIAO Baogan

Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, P. R. China

Received:2024-01-23 Online:2024-06-18 Published:2024-07-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于生态系统服务功能重要性、生态敏感性评估开展生态保护重要性分区研究，将广东省分为极重要区、中高重要区、中等重要区、中低重要区、一般重要区，并结合长时间序列的土地利用、植被净初级生产力（NPP）状况统计分析，识别5级分区生境状况差异及其长时间序列变化情况。结果表明：1）极重要区、中高重要区面积占比共46.3%，土地利用类型以林地和草地为主，是广东省的重要水源涵养区、生态屏障。中低重要区、一般重要区面积占比共32.1%，土地利用类型以建设用地、耕地为主，是广东省生产生活的主要区域。中等重要区面积占比21.5%，土地利用类型以林地、草地和耕地为主，是两者的中间过渡地带；2）2001—2020年期间各分区均持续受人类活动干扰，其中极重要区、中高重要区、中等重要区人类活动强度低、受干扰较少，中低重要区、一般重要区则人类活动强度高、受干扰较大；3）极重要区、中高重要区生境状况相对敏感脆弱，受气候波动和人类活动等多重因素影响会出现NPP降低、NPP高值区破碎化等问题。各级分区NPP在强有力的保护及修复措施下均可得到显著提升。研究建议：将生态保护极重要区、中高重要区作为广东省生态环境保护的重点，有针对性的开展生态提升、生态修复等相关工作，保障和维护区域生态安全；在中等重要、中低重要区强化人类活动管控，做好重要生态节点及廊道保护、污染治理基础设施建设等工作，促进经济社会和生态环境保护协调发展。

关键词: 生态保护重要性, 生态系统服务功能, 生态敏感性, 生境状况, 分区, 广东省

Abstract:

This study investigated the importance of ecological conservation zoning based on the assessment of ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity. Guangdong Province is divided into five zones: extremely important, highly important, moderately important, less important, and least important. In addition, by combining a long time-series statistical analysis of land use and net primary productivity (NPP), differences in habitat status and long-term changes among the five zones were identified. The results showed that 1) the extremely and highly important zones collectively accounted for 46.3% of the total area, with land use primarily consisting of forest and grassland, serving as crucial water conservation areas and ecological barriers in Guangdong Province. The less and least important zones accounted for 32.1% and were dominated by construction land and farmland, which were the main regions of production and living activities. The moderately important zone accounted for 21.5%, with land use mainly comprising forests, grasslands, and farmlands, acting as a transitional zone between the other two. 2) From 2001 to 2020, all the zones were continuously disturbed by human activity. The extremely important, highly important, and moderately important zones experienced low-intensity human activity and less disturbance, whereas the less important and least important zones experienced high-intensity human activity and greater disturbance. 3) Habitat conditions in extremely and highly important zones were relatively sensitive and fragile. Various factors, such as climate fluctuations and human activity, can lead to a reduction in NPP and fragmentation of high-value NPP areas. With robust protection and restoration measures, NPP in each zone can be significantly enhanced. This study suggests that extremely and highly important zones should be prioritized for ecological and environmental protection in Guangdong Province. Targeted efforts should be made to carry out ecological enhancement and restoration to safeguard and maintain the regional ecological security. In moderately important and less important zones, it is crucial to strengthen the regulation of human activities, protect important ecological nodes and corridors, and construct pollution control infrastructure to promote the harmonious development of the economy, society, and ecological environmental conservation.

Key words: importance of ecological conservation, ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, habitat status, zoning, Guangdong Province

中图分类号:

X321

向男, 王明旭, 张宏锋, 廖宝淦. 生态保护重要性分区及其长时间序列生境状况时空分异研究——以广东省为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(6): 958-968.

XIANG Nan, WANG Mingxu, ZHANG Hongfeng, LIAO Baogan. Research on Zoning of Ecological Conservation Importance and Its Spatio-temporal Differentiation of Habitat Status Over a Long Time Sequence: A Case Study in Guangdong Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(6): 958-968.

图/表 12

参考文献 46

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参数	参数分级			涉及指标
参数	一般敏感	敏感	极敏感	涉及指标
降雨侵蚀力	<100	100‒600	>600	水土流失
土壤可蚀性	石砾、沙、粗砂土、细砂土、粘土	面砂土、壤土、砂壤土、粉粘土、壤粘土	砂粉土、粉土	水土流失
地形起伏度	0‒50	50‒100	>100	水土流失
植被覆盖度	≥0.6	0.4‒0.6	≤0.4	水土流失、石漠化
碳酸岩出露面积百分比/%	≤30	30‒70	≥70	石漠化
地形坡度	≤8°	8°‒25°	≥25°	石漠化
分级赋值	1	3	5

参数	参数分级			涉及指标
参数	一般敏感	敏感	极敏感	涉及指标
降雨侵蚀力	<100	100‒600	>600	水土流失
土壤可蚀性	石砾、沙、粗砂土、细砂土、粘土	面砂土、壤土、砂壤土、粉粘土、壤粘土	砂粉土、粉土	水土流失
地形起伏度	0‒50	50‒100	>100	水土流失
植被覆盖度	≥0.6	0.4‒0.6	≤0.4	水土流失、石漠化
碳酸岩出露面积百分比/%	≤30	30‒70	≥70	石漠化
地形坡度	≤8°	8°‒25°	≥25°	石漠化
分级赋值	1	3	5

评价指标	一般重要	中低重要	中等重要	中高重要	极重要
水源涵养	25.0	19.5	21.0	14.5	20.1
水土保持	22.4	30.3	23.0	11.9	12.4
生物多样性维护	14.0	39.9	22.4	12.1	11.6
生态系统服务	7.1	25.1	21.6	15.3	30.9

评价指标	一般重要	中低重要	中等重要	中高重要	极重要
水源涵养	25.0	19.5	21.0	14.5	20.1
水土保持	22.4	30.3	23.0	11.9	12.4
生物多样性维护	14.0	39.9	22.4	12.1	11.6
生态系统服务	7.1	25.1	21.6	15.3	30.9

评价指标	一般敏感	敏感	极敏感
水土流失	91.0	8.4	0.60
石漠化	99.3	0.7	0.06
生态敏感性	90.9	8.5	0.61

生态保护重要性分区及其长时间序列生境状况时空分异研究——以广东省为例

Research on Zoning of Ecological Conservation Importance and Its Spatio-temporal Differentiation of Habitat Status Over a Long Time Sequence: A Case Study in Guangdong Province

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Metrics

本文评价

统计指标	一般重要	中低重要	中等重要	中高重要	极重要
分区面积占比	7.1	25.0	21.5	15.1	31.2
功能量占比 (水源涵养)	0.1	10.0	25.5	20.1	44.4
功能量占比 (水土保持)	0.2	7.1	18.6	20.0	54.1
功能量占比 (植被净初级生产力)	0.8	15.2	18.9	17.7	47.4

分区	年份	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地	海洋
一般重要	2000	5077.9	761.4	115.8	2797.6	3585.6	33.7	1.7
	2010	3797.1 (↓1280.8)	561 (↓200.4)	86.3 (↓29.5)	2465.8 (↓331.8)	5505.9 (↑1920.3)	23.1 (↓10.6)	38.8 (↑37.1)
	2020	3518.9 (↓278.2)	488.3 (↓72.7)	86.7 (↑0.4)	2354.3 (↓111.5)	6001 (↑495.1)	20.3 (↓2.8)	18.3 (↓20.5)
中低重要	2000	24970.8	10872.6	1863.5	2876.0	3895.6	94.7	0.2
	2010	24353.2 (↓617.6)	10575.1 (↓297.5)	1715.9 (↓147.6)	2885.2 (↑9.2)	4982.4 (↑1086.8)	82.5 (↓12.2)	4.9 (↑4.7)
	2020	24060.8 (↓292.4)	10317.7 (↓257.4)	1688.4 (↓27.5)	2776.6 (↓108.6)	5688.8 (↑706.4)	75.9 (↓6.6)	2.3 (↓2.6)
中等重要	2000	9913.2	24091.1	2283.7	1329.7	685.7	27.8	6.0
	2010	9487.4 (↓425.8)	24233.1 (↑142)	2144.6 (↓139.1)	1712.2 (↑382.5)	759.4(↑73.7)	20.5 (↓7.3)	16.8 (↑10.8)
	2020	9507 (↑19.6)	24064.8 (↓168.3)	2184.4 (↑39.8)	1580 (↓132.2)	1001.3 (↑241.9)	19.8 (↓0.7)	13.2 (↓3.6)
中高重要	2000	3084.6	22205.7	1199.4	429.5	130.0	5.3	0.0
	2010	3035.5 (↓49.1)	22250 (↑44.3)	1130.9 (↓68.5)	454.9 (↑25.4)	178.5 (↑48.5)	4.8 (↓0.5)	0 (0)
	2020	3024.9 (↓10.6)	22098 (↓152)	1233.9 (↑103)	455.9 (↑1)	235.6 (↑57.1)	4.8 (0)	0 (0)
极重要	2000	2411.7	50346.8	2374.9	529.8	61.3	2.7	0.0
	2010	2393.2 (↓18.5)	50361.4 (↑14.6)	2286.8 (↓88.1)	550.2 (↑20.4)	132.2 (↑70.9)	2.2 (↓0.5)	2.1 (↑2.1)
	2020	2389.4 (↓3.8)	50048.7 (↓312.7)	2518.8 (↑232)	551.2 (↑1)	203.9 (↑71.7)	2.1 (↓0.1)	2 (↓0.1)

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