基于生态系统服务功能和保护动物栖息地适宜性评价的优先保护区选取——以三江源地区为例

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.08.016

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1318-1328.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.08.016

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇

基于生态系统服务功能和保护动物栖息地适宜性评价的优先保护区选取——以三江源地区为例

高文明(), 宋芊^*(), 张皓翔, 王士如

青海大学地质工程学院，青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2024-03-26 出版日期:2024-08-18 发布日期:2024-09-25
通讯作者: *宋芊。E-mail: 2008990038@qhu.edu.cn
*宋芊。E-mail: 2008990038@qhu.edu.cn
作者简介:高文明（1999年生），男，硕士研究生，主要从事生态遥感研究。E-mail: gao1741452965@163.com
基金资助:
青海省基础研究计划项目(2024-ZJ-953)

Selection of Priority Conservation Areas Based on Ecosystem Service Functions and Wildlife Habitat Suitability Evaluation: A Case Study in the Sanjiang-yuan Region

GAO Wenming(), SONG Qian^*(), ZHANG Haoxiang, WANG Shiru

School of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P. R. China

Received:2024-03-26 Online:2024-08-18 Published:2024-09-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在人类活动日益频繁、全球气候变化加剧的时代背景下，生态系统服务功能不断衰减，野生动物栖息地日渐丧失。面对众多亟需保护的区域，如何利用有限的资源实现最有大的保护效果，成为推动区域可持续发展战略的关键。三江源地区生态系统脆弱敏感，生物多样性面临严重威胁，设立保护区是提高生态系统服务功能和生物多样性最有效的方法之一。目前同时考虑到生态系统服务功能价值、生物多样性保护价值和人类活动空间需求的研究方法较少。基于生态系统服务功能重要性评价、最大熵（MaxEnt）模型评估野生动物栖息地适宜性并考虑人类活动空间需求，对三江源地区的保护价值进行评估，为综合确定优先保护区域提供新方法。评价体系中对4种生态系统服务功能重要性以及20种国家重点保护物种栖息地适宜性进行了评价与分析，更加真实可信的反映了区域的保护优先性。结果表明，1）三江源地区高生态系统服务功能区域主要位于东南部地区，整体呈现东南高于西北的趋势。2）野生动物栖息地高、较高适宜性区域位于三江源中西部地区，面积总计为8.75×10⁴ km²，其中41.2%的区域分布于三江源国家公园内。3）三江源地区极高优先级保护区域面积为3.01×10⁴ km²，位于三江源地区中西部，占总面积的8.0%，其中35.8%的区域位于三江源国家公园内。三江源地区优先保护区域主要位于长江源区、澜沧江源区和囊谦县，应对以上地区生态系统和生物多样性进行保护。研究成果可为保护区位置的确定和弥补保护空缺提供了科学依据。

关键词: 生态系统服务功能重要性, MaxEnt模型, 栖息地适宜性评价, 三江源, 人类活动强度, 优先保护区

Abstract:

In the context of increasing human activities and exacerbating global climate change, ecosystem service functions are continuously diminishing and wildlife habitats are increasingly being lost. Faced with numerous areas that urgently require protection, the use of limited resources to achieve the greatest conservation impact is crucial for advancing sustainable regional development strategies. The Sanjiangyuan region is ecologically fragile and sensitive and its biodiversity is severely threatened. Establishing protected areas (PAs) is one of the most effective methods for enhancing ecosystem services and biodiversity. Current research methods that concurrently consider the value of ecosystem service functions, biodiversity conservation, and human spatial needs are scarce. This study evaluated the conservation value of the Sanjiangyuan region by assessing the importance of ecosystem service functions using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model to evaluate the suitability of wildlife habitats and human spatial needs. This study provides a new method to comprehensively determine priority conservation areas. The evaluation system evaluates and analyzes the importance of the four ecosystem service functions and the suitability of the habitats of 20 national key conservation species, which more realistically and credibly reflects the conservation priority of the region. The results are as follow. 1) Areas with high ecosystem service functionality in the Sanjiangyuan region are primarily located in the southeastern sector, displaying a trend in which the southeast is higher than the northwest. 2) Areas with high and relatively high suitability for wildlife habitats are found in the central and western parts of the Sanjiangyuan region, covering a total area of 8.75×10⁴ km². Of these, 41.2% were within the bounds of Sanjiangyuan National Park. 3) The area identified as having the highest priority for conservation in the Sanjiangyuan region spans 3.01×10⁴ km², and is situated in the central and western parts of the region, accounting for 8.04% of its total area, with 35.8% being within the Sanjiangyuan National Park. The priority conservation areas identified in this study were primarily located in the source regions of the Yangtze River, the Lancang River, and Nangqian County, and the ecosystems and biodiversity of these areas should be protected. This provides a scientific basis for determining conservation area boundaries and addressing protection gaps.

Key words: importance of ecosystem services, MaxEnt model, habitat suitability evaluation, Sanjiangyuan region, human activity intensity, priority protected area

中图分类号:

X36
X176

高文明, 宋芊, 张皓翔, 王士如. 基于生态系统服务功能和保护动物栖息地适宜性评价的优先保护区选取——以三江源地区为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(8): 1318-1328.

GAO Wenming, SONG Qian, ZHANG Haoxiang, WANG Shiru. Selection of Priority Conservation Areas Based on Ecosystem Service Functions and Wildlife Habitat Suitability Evaluation: A Case Study in the Sanjiang-yuan Region[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(8): 1318-1328.

图/表 7

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类别	物种	国家保护等级	分布点数量
兽类	藏羚Pantholops hodgsonii	1	17
	藏原羚 Procapra picticaudata	2	34
	岩羊 Pseudois nayaur	2	49
	马麝 Moschus chrysogaster	1	10
	藏野驴 Equus kiang	1	78
	狼 Canis lupus	2	39
	藏狐 Vulpes ferrilata	2	26
	赤狐 Vulpes vulpes	2	23
	雪豹 Panthera uncia	1	8
鸟类	黑颈鹤 Grus nigricollis	1	25
	大天鹅 Cygnus cygnus	2	37
	雕鸮 Bubo bubo	2	25
	纵纹腹小鸮 Athene noctua	2	24
	秃鹫 Aegypius monachus	1	33
	大鵟 Buteo hemilasius	2	82
	雀鹰 Accipiter nisus	2	28
	金雕 Aquila chrysaetos	1	22
	白尾海雕 Haliaeetus albicilla	1	7
	红隼 Falco tinnunculus	2	36
	猎隼 Falco cherrug	1	36

类别	物种	国家保护等级	分布点数量
兽类	藏羚Pantholops hodgsonii	1	17
	藏原羚 Procapra picticaudata	2	34
	岩羊 Pseudois nayaur	2	49
	马麝 Moschus chrysogaster	1	10
	藏野驴 Equus kiang	1	78
	狼 Canis lupus	2	39
	藏狐 Vulpes ferrilata	2	26
	赤狐 Vulpes vulpes	2	23
	雪豹 Panthera uncia	1	8
鸟类	黑颈鹤 Grus nigricollis	1	25
	大天鹅 Cygnus cygnus	2	37
	雕鸮 Bubo bubo	2	25
	纵纹腹小鸮 Athene noctua	2	24
	秃鹫 Aegypius monachus	1	33
	大鵟 Buteo hemilasius	2	82
	雀鹰 Accipiter nisus	2	28
	金雕 Aquila chrysaetos	1	22
	白尾海雕 Haliaeetus albicilla	1	7
	红隼 Falco tinnunculus	2	36
	猎隼 Falco cherrug	1	36

类别	代码	描述
气候变量	bio1	年平均气温
	bio2	平均气温日较差
	bio3	等温性
	bio4	温度季节变动
	bio5	最热月最高温度
	bio6	最冷月最低温度
	bio7	气温年较差
	bio8	最湿季均温
	bio9	最干季均温
	bio10	最暖季均温
	bio11	最冷季均温
	bio12	年降水量
	bio13	最湿月降水量
	bio14	最干月降水量
	bio15	季节降水量变化
	bio16	最湿季降水量
	bio17	最干季降水量
	bio18	最暖季降水量
	bio19	最冷季降水量
土地利用	LU	土地利用/覆被
植被	NDVI	归一化植被指数
地形	ALT	海拔
	Slope	坡度
	Aspect	坡向
人类干扰	DS	距居民点距离

类别	代码	描述
气候变量	bio1	年平均气温
	bio2	平均气温日较差
	bio3	等温性
	bio4	温度季节变动
	bio5	最热月最高温度
	bio6	最冷月最低温度
	bio7	气温年较差
	bio8	最湿季均温
	bio9	最干季均温
	bio10	最暖季均温
	bio11	最冷季均温
	bio12	年降水量
	bio13	最湿月降水量
	bio14	最干月降水量
	bio15	季节降水量变化
	bio16	最湿季降水量
	bio17	最干季降水量
	bio18	最暖季降水量
	bio19	最冷季降水量
土地利用	LU	土地利用/覆被
植被	NDVI	归一化植被指数
地形	ALT	海拔
	Slope	坡度
	Aspect	坡向
人类干扰	DS	距居民点距离

基于生态系统服务功能和保护动物栖息地适宜性评价的优先保护区选取——以三江源地区为例

Selection of Priority Conservation Areas Based on Ecosystem Service Functions and Wildlife Habitat Suitability Evaluation: A Case Study in the Sanjiang-yuan Region

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