鄂中丘陵区不同林龄马尾松人工林林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质关系

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.10.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1525-1533.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.10.004

鄂中丘陵区不同林龄马尾松人工林林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质关系

陈会玲¹(), 勾蒙蒙¹^,²^,^*(), 刘常富¹^,², 雷蕾¹^,², 胡建文¹, 朱粟锋¹, 斛如媛¹, 肖文发¹^,²

1.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所/国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室，北京 100091
2.南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心，江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2024-06-19 出版日期:2024-10-18 发布日期:2024-11-15
通讯作者: *勾蒙蒙。E-mail: goumm0243@163.com
作者简介:陈会玲（1995年生），女，博士研究生，主要从事森林土壤碳循环研究。E-mail: chenhuiling010@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE011280402);中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2022XD002)

Relationship between Understory Plant Diversity and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Different Aged Pinus massoniana Plantations in Hilly Region of Central Hubei Province

CHEN Huiling¹(), GOU Mengmeng¹^,²^,^*(), LIU Changfu¹^,², LEI Lei¹^,², HU Jianwen¹, ZHU Sufeng¹, HU Ruyuan¹, XIAO Wenfa¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
2. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China

Received:2024-06-19 Online:2024-10-18 Published:2024-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入了解马尾松人工林林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质的关系，采用“空间代时间”法在鄂中丘陵区选取不同林龄（5、12、28、37、56 a）马尾松（Pinus massoniana）人工林样地，通过分析林下灌草层物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性、Simpson优势度和Pielou均匀度及土壤（0－10 cm）理化性质的差异及彼此间的相关性，探索土壤理化性质对林下植物多样性的影响。结果表明：不同林龄灌草层植物多样性差异显著，灌木层植物多样性随林龄的增加而先增加后减少再增加，28 a的Shannon-Wiener多样性和Pielou均匀度分别高于5 a的92.02%和86.67%；草本层各植物多样性随林龄的增加而先减后增，5 a显著高于其他林龄。灌木层物种丰富度、Shannon-wiener多样性、Simpson优势度和Pielou均匀度显著高于草本层（5 a除外）。不同林龄土壤理化性质差异显著，pH、含水量、全量养分和速效钾含量随林龄的增加而先减后增，pH、全磷和全钾含量在5 a显著高于其他林龄。有机碳与碱解氮随林龄的增加而先增后减，37 a的显著高于5、12和28 a的。不同林龄马尾松林下灌草层植物多样性与pH、全磷和全钾含量显著相关。冗余分析表明土壤理化性质分别解释灌木层和草本层植物多样性的89.1%和78.5%。逐步回归分析表明增加全磷含量可提高草本层植物多样性，pH、全磷、全钾和林分密度可调控灌木层植物多样性。综上，马尾松人工林林下植物多样性受土壤理化性质的影响，全磷是调控该地区林下植物多样性的关键因子，加强磷肥的管理可提升林下植物多样性。

关键词: 马尾松人工林, 林龄, 植物多样性, 土壤理化性质, 鄂中丘陵区

Abstract:

In order to gain a deeper understanding of the relation between understory plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties in Pinus massoniana plantation, the “spatial-temporal” method was used to select sample plot of Pinus massoniana plantations of different ages (5-, 12-, 28-, 37-, and 56-years) in hilly region of central Hubei Province. The differences and correlations between species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson dominance, Pielou evenness, and soil (0‒10 cm) physicochemical properties in the understory shrub and herb layers were analyzed, and the effects of soil physicochemical properties on understory plant diversity were explored. The results showed significant differences in plant diversity between the shrub and herb layers of different ages. Plant diversity initially increased, then decreased, and finally increased in the shrub layer. The Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou evenness at 28-years were 92.02% and 86.67% higher than those at 5-years, respectively. Plant diversity first decreased and then increased with increasing age in the herb layer, and 5-years was significantly higher than at other ages. Species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson dominance, and Pielou evenness of the shrub layer were significantly higher than those of the herb layer (except 5-years). There were significant differences in physicochemical properties at different ages; and pH, moisture content, total nutrients, and available potassium decreased first and then increased with stand age, pH, total phosphorus, and total potassium at 5-years were significantly higher than at other ages. Organic carbon and alkaline nitrogen first increased and then decreased with stand age, and 37-years were significantly higher than those at 5, 12, and 28-years. The pH, total phosphorus, and total potassium were significantly related to plant diversity in the shrub and herb layers of P. massoniana plantations of different ages. Redundancy analysis of soil physicochemical properties explained 89.1% and 78.5% of plant diversity in the shrub and herb layers, respectively. Stepwise regression analysis showed that increasing the total phosphorus content can enhance plant diversity in the herb layer, whereas pH, total phosphorus, total potassium, and stand density can regulate plant diversity in the shrub layer. In summary, the understory plant diversity of Pinus massoniana plantations is influenced by soil physicochemical properties, and total phosphorus is a key factor in regulating the understory plant diversity in the region. Strengthening the management of phosphorus fertilizers can enhance the understory plant diversity.

Key words: Pinus massoniana plantation, stand age, plant diversity, soil physicochemical properties, hilly region of central Hubei province

中图分类号:

陈会玲, 勾蒙蒙, 刘常富, 雷蕾, 胡建文, 朱粟锋, 斛如媛, 肖文发. 鄂中丘陵区不同林龄马尾松人工林林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质关系[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(10): 1525-1533.

CHEN Huiling, GOU Mengmeng, LIU Changfu, LEI Lei, HU Jianwen, ZHU Sufeng, HU Ruyuan, XIAO Wenfa. Relationship between Understory Plant Diversity and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Different Aged Pinus massoniana Plantations in Hilly Region of Central Hubei Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(10): 1525-1533.

图/表 8

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林龄/a	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	海拔/m	坡向	坡度/(°)	密度(以株计)/hm⁻²	平均胸径/cm	平均树高/m
5	112.93	30.89	98.60±8.72	北 (N)	5	3244	7.20±0.10	6.66±0.12
12	112.89	30.91	113.10±15.61	东南 (SE)	7	2988	10.76±0.29	8.17±0.12
28	112.89	30.96	97.40±4.43	南 (S)	5	613	23.63±1.19	12.18±0.43
37	112.93	30.99	161.50±3.64	西南 (SW)	5	475	30.08±1.51	15.42±0.21
56	112.83	30.99	166.40±4.01	北 (N)	15	369	32.63±1.87	17.11±0.63

林龄/a	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	海拔/m	坡向	坡度/(°)	密度(以株计)/hm⁻²	平均胸径/cm	平均树高/m
5	112.93	30.89	98.60±8.72	北 (N)	5	3244	7.20±0.10	6.66±0.12
12	112.89	30.91	113.10±15.61	东南 (SE)	7	2988	10.76±0.29	8.17±0.12
28	112.89	30.96	97.40±4.43	南 (S)	5	613	23.63±1.19	12.18±0.43
37	112.93	30.99	161.50±3.64	西南 (SW)	5	475	30.08±1.51	15.42±0.21
56	112.83	30.99	166.40±4.01	北 (N)	15	369	32.63±1.87	17.11±0.63

层次	林龄/ a	多样性指数
层次	林龄/ a	物种丰富度 (S)	Shannon-Wiener 多样性 (H)	Simpson 优势度 (D)	Pielou 均匀度 (J)
灌木层	5	3.50±1.04d	0.13±0.07c	0.59±0.12a	0.08±0.05c
	12	9.75±1.03c	1.02±0.16b	0.56±0.07a	0.44±0.05b
	28	15.50±0.96ab	1.63±0.07a	0.77±0.01a	0.60±0.04a
	37	14.25±1.25b	1.28±0.15ab	0.65±0.06a	0.48±0.04ab
	56	18.50±1.26a	1.50±0.06a	0.71±0.02a	0.52±0.02ab
草本层	5	12.75±0.48a	1.23±0.06a	0.61±0.03a	0.48±0.02a
	12	5.25±1.25c	0.44±0.13c	0.36±0.09b	0.27±0.04b
	28	6.75±0.85c	0.56±0.08c	0.32±0.04b	0.29±0.03b
	37	8.25±1.25bc	0.75±0.07bc	0.44±0.03ab	0.36±0.01ab
	56	11.25±1.25ab	0.96±0.17ab	0.50±0.10ab	0.40±0.07ab

层次	林龄/ a	多样性指数
层次	林龄/ a	物种丰富度 (S)	Shannon-Wiener 多样性 (H)	Simpson 优势度 (D)	Pielou 均匀度 (J)
灌木层	5	3.50±1.04d	0.13±0.07c	0.59±0.12a	0.08±0.05c
	12	9.75±1.03c	1.02±0.16b	0.56±0.07a	0.44±0.05b
	28	15.50±0.96ab	1.63±0.07a	0.77±0.01a	0.60±0.04a
	37	14.25±1.25b	1.28±0.15ab	0.65±0.06a	0.48±0.04ab
	56	18.50±1.26a	1.50±0.06a	0.71±0.02a	0.52±0.02ab
草本层	5	12.75±0.48a	1.23±0.06a	0.61±0.03a	0.48±0.02a
	12	5.25±1.25c	0.44±0.13c	0.36±0.09b	0.27±0.04b
	28	6.75±0.85c	0.56±0.08c	0.32±0.04b	0.29±0.03b
	37	8.25±1.25bc	0.75±0.07bc	0.44±0.03ab	0.36±0.01ab
	56	11.25±1.25ab	0.96±0.17ab	0.50±0.10ab	0.40±0.07ab

土壤理化因子	林龄/a
土壤理化因子	5	12	28	37	56
pH	6.28±0.04a	5.66±0.08b	5.11±0.17c	4.90±0.07c	5.92±0.16b
w_SMC/%	25.83±2.58a	22.62±0.49a	21.52±1.22a	21.75±0.91a	26.25±2.00a
w_BD/(g·cm⁻³)	1.33±0.04ab	1.29±0.02ab	1.39±0.02a	1.39±0.03a	1.25±0.04b
w_SOC/(g·kg⁻¹)	15.31±0.53b	16.78±2.16b	17.02±1.58b	24.11±1.22a	23.87±2.09a
w_TN/(g·kg⁻¹)	1.52±0.10abc	1.30±0.09c	1.35±0.17bc	1.76±0.15ab	1.91±0.16a
w_TP/(g·kg⁻¹)	0.34±0.03a	0.21±0.01b	0.21±0.02b	0.22±0.01b	0.24±0.02b
w_TK/(g·kg⁻¹)	15.51±2.09a	12.3±0.35ab	10.14±0.99b	10.1±1.09b	12.48±0.53ab
w_AN/(mg·kg⁻¹)	126.33±12.92b	129.72±17.65b	134.88±12.48b	192.9±29.58a	161.2±13.28ab
w_AP/(mg·kg⁻¹)	0.79±0.04a	0.75±0.01a	0.77±0.03a	0.77±0.01a	0.74±0.01a
w_AK/(mg·kg⁻¹)	168.4±17.92ab	175.6±21.39a	106.36±16.87bc	93.55±9.51c	161.54±29.06ab

鄂中丘陵区不同林龄马尾松人工林林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质关系

Relationship between Understory Plant Diversity and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Different Aged Pinus massoniana Plantations in Hilly Region of Central Hubei Province

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层次	优势种	优势种重要值/%
层次	优势种	5 a	12 a	28 a	37 a	56 a
灌木层	八角枫 Alangium chinense	11.92	‒	‒	‒	‒
	菝葜 Smilax china	25.33	‒	‒	‒	‒
	楮 Broussonetia kazinoki	‒	‒	4.80	‒	‒
	冬青 Ilex chinensis	‒	8.70	‒	‒	7.89
	高粱泡 Rubus lambertianus	‒	‒	‒	‒	7.47
	海金子 Pittosporum illicioides	‒	‒	‒	‒	11.66
	黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana	‒	3.44	‒	‒	‒
	金樱子 Rosa laevigata	‒	‒	‒	3.85	‒
	栾树 Koelreuteria paniculata	5.06	‒	‒	‒	‒
	牡荆 Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia	‒	‒	5.79	‒	‒
	三角槭 Acer buergerianum	16.51	‒	‒	‒	‒
	桑 Morus alba	15.43	‒	‒	‒	‒
	山矾 Symplocos sumuntia	‒	‒	‒	‒	6.12
	山胡椒 Lindera glauca	‒	‒	‒	‒	21.62
	山莓 Rubus corchorifolius	‒	10.79	‒	3.99	‒
	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	‒	‒	‒	4.53	‒
	盐肤木 Rhus chinensis	‒	‒	8.63	‒	‒
	野桐 Mallotus tenuifolius	‒	6.40	19.49	7.87	‒
	油茶 Camellia oleifera	‒	48.15	‒	49.42	‒
	樟树 Camphora officinarum	‒	‒	23.01	‒	‒
草本层	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	‒	‒	7.82	‒	‒
	剑叶凤尾蕨 Pteris ensiformis	19.22	‒	‒	‒	‒
	如意草 Viola arcuate	‒	5.32	‒	‒	‒
	中华鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris chinensis	8.60	‒	‒	3.15	‒
	络石 Trachelospermum jasminoides	6.81	‒	9.95	‒	24.32
	毛蕨 Cyclosorus interruptus	‒	‒	‒	5.41	11.83
	茜草 Rubia cordifolia	‒	5.82	‒	‒	‒
	求米草 Oplismenus undulatifolius	29.78	63.04	12.68	16.90	12.76
	蛇莓 Duchesnea indica	15.13	‒	8.82	‒	‒
	薹草 Carex spp	‒	9.84	37.17	12.38	13.80
	显子草 Phaenosperma globosum	‒	10.77	‒	5.83	8.33

层次	多样性指数	pH	SD	SMC	BD	SOC	TN	TP	TK	AN	AP	AK
灌木层	S	−0.398	−0.870**	−0.037	−0.128	0.476^*	0.211	−0.540^*	−0.449^*	0.190	−0.159	−0.231
	H	−0.585^{** 1)}	−0.800**	−0.210	0.045	0.391	0.101	−0.659^**	−0.562^**	0.125	−0.137	−0.355
	D	−0.238	−0.369	−0.158	0.274	0.156	0.146	−0.295	−0.463^*	−0.046	−0.234	−0.334
	J	−0.635^**	−0.733**	−0.217	0.047	0.353	0.031	−0.684^**	−0.559^*	0.149	−0.144	−0.353
草本层	S	0.497^{* 2)}	0.040	0.348	−0.078	−0.052	0.140	0.513^*	0.299	−0.134	0.182	−0.019
	H	0.572^**	0.107	0.576^**	−0.276	−0.031	0.243	0.671^**	0.449^*	0.057	0.184	0.163
	D	0.498^*	0.196	0.531^*	−0.336	−0.107	0.158	0.547^*	0.411	0.111	0.125	0.195
	J	0.508^*	0.096	0.600^**	−0.320	0.017	0.299	0.645^**	0.458^*	0.194	0.142	0.202

层次	逐步回归方程	调整后r²	p
灌木层	S=5.156x_pH−53.108w_TP−0.004w_SD+2.706	r²=0.910	p<0.001
	H=−4.266w_TP+2.581	r²=0.776	p<0.001
	D=−0.023w_TK+0.930	r²=0.171	p<0.05
	J=−1.633w_TP+0.948	r²=0.711	p<0.001
草本层	S=30.062w_TP+1.485	r²=0.222	p<0.05
	H=4.028w_TP−0.200	r²=0.420	p<0.01
	D=1.470w_TP+0.088	r²=0.260	p<0.05
	J=1.211w_TP+0.065	r²=0.384	p<0.01

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