碱性农田土壤冬小麦不同生育期镉的迁移转化研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.03.013

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 450-459.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.03.013

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

碱性农田土壤冬小麦不同生育期镉的迁移转化研究

张腾云¹^,²(), 王静¹^,², 高健磊¹, 葛文静¹^,³^,^*(), 王宗耀², 韩龙¹

1.郑州大学生态与环境学院，河南郑州 450001
2.河南元光科技有限公司，河南濮阳 457000
3.鹤壁市人元生物技术发展有限公司，河南鹤壁 458030

收稿日期:2024-01-22 出版日期:2024-03-18 发布日期:2024-05-08
通讯作者: *葛文静，E-mail: gewj2021@zzu.edu.cn
作者简介:张腾云（1988年生），女，工程师，主要研究方向土壤污染防治。E-mail: zty0530127@126.com
基金资助:
郑州大学院士团队科研启动基金项目(13432340370);四川省科技计划资助项目(2023ZYD0102)

Study on Cadmium Transfer and Transformation in Winter Wheat at Different Growth Stages in Alkaline Field Soil

ZHANG Tengyun¹^,²(), WANG Jing¹^,², GAO Jianlei¹, GE Wenjing¹^,³^,^*(), WANG Zongyao², HAN Long¹

1. School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
2. Henan Yuanguang Technology Co., LTD., Puyang 457000, P. R. China
3. Hebi Renyuan Biotechnology Development Co., LTD., Hebi 458030, P. R. China

Received:2024-01-22 Online:2024-03-18 Published:2024-05-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前，农田土壤镉污染导致的农业生态环境安全问题引起了极大的关注，然而与酸性土壤相比，针对碱性土壤镉污染导致小麦籽粒镉超标的相关研究进展缓慢。为探明镉在碱性土壤-作物系统中的迁移转化规律，以河南省济源市碱性镉污染农田土壤及冬小麦为例，通过分析小麦不同生育期土壤和小麦植株各器官镉含量的分布变化，阐明了土壤镉随小麦生长发育的富集及迁移转化规律，揭示了根际效应和土壤理化性质对该过程的影响。结果显示：1）随着小麦生长发育，相较于非根际，根际土壤理化性质的变化更为明显，有机质向根际环境的富集趋势显著（P<0.01）;2）土壤镉有效态含量在小麦灌浆期明显上升，且在非根际土壤中受有机质正向促进（r_BS=0.471，P_BS<0.05;r_R_S=0.544，P_RS<0.01），而在根际中被CEC负向抑制（r_BS= −0.707，P_BS<0.01;r_RS= −0.637，P_RS<0.01）;3）小麦根部对镉的富集能力（R_BCF：0.559－1.61）显著高于茎叶（L_BCF：0.146－0.584），土壤镉向根部富集主要表现在分蘖期（分蘖期1.61>灌浆期0.600>成熟期0.559），向地上部分迁移转运则集中在灌浆期（灌浆期1.04>分蘖期0.277>成熟期0.260）;4）小麦根部对镉的富集能力随根际土壤pH的升高而增强（r=0.690，P<0.05），茎叶对镉的富集能力随根际土壤CEC的升高而降低（r= −0.697，P<0.05）。由此，在碱性土壤镉污染修复治理中，针对性地在镉向小麦富集迁移的关键期（分蘖期、灌浆期）采取阻控措施，调节关键影响因素（土壤有机质、CEC），可控制小麦籽粒镉超标风险。研究结果可为碱性镉污染农田土壤的修复治理及风险防控提供理论基础。

关键词: 碱性农田土壤, 镉污染, 冬小麦, 土壤理化性质, 富集迁移特性

Abstract:

For a considerable period of time, the issue of agricultural ecological environment security resulting from cadmium pollution in farmland soil has garnered significant attention. However, in comparison to acidic soil, the matter of cadmium contamination in alkaline soil, which is extensively distributed throughout China, has not received adequate recognition. Consequently, addressing the urgent problem of excessive cadmium levels in wheat grains within major grain-producing regions in northern China becomes imperative. In order to investigate the migration and transformation patterns of the heavy metal cadmium within an alkaline soil-crop system, this study utilized typical alkaline cadmium-polluted farmland soil and winter wheat from Jiyuan City, Henan Province as representative examples. By analyzing variations in cadmium content at different growth stages of wheat and examining its distribution across various organs within wheat plants, we were able to elucidate the accumulation, migration, and transformation dynamics of cadmium at the interface between soil and crops during wheat's growth and development stages. Furthermore, this research also shed light on how rhizosphere effects and physicochemical properties of soils influence these processes. The results showed as follows: 1) The changes in physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil were more pronounced than those in non-rhizosphere soil during the growth and development of wheat, with a significant accumulation trend of organic matter in the rhizosphere environment (P<0.01). 2) The available cadmium content in soil significantly increased during the wheat filling stage, and was positively influenced by soil organic matter (SOM) in bulk soil (r_BS=0.471, P_BS<0.05; r_RS=0.544, P_RS<0.01), while being negatively inhibited by CEC in the rhizosphere (r_BS= −0.707, P_BS<0.01; r_RS=−0.637, P_RS<0.01). 3) The enrichment capacity of Cd in roots of wheat (R_BCF: range: 0.559‒1.61) was significantly higher than that in stems and leaves (L_BCF range: 0.146‒0.584). Enrichment of Cd in roots mainly occurred at the tillering stage (tillering stage 1.61>filling stage 0.600>mature stage 0.559), while Cd translocation to the aboveground parts concentrated during the filling stage (filling stage 1.04>tillering stage 0.277>mature stage 0.260). 4) The enrichment capacity of cadmium in wheat roots was enhanced with the increased pH of rhizosphere soil (r=0.690, P<0.05), while the enrichment capacity of cadmium in stems and leaves decreased as rhizosphere soil CEC increased (r= −0.697, P<0.05). Therefore, managing key factors such as SOM and CEC during critical periods of cadmium accumulation and migration to wheat (tillering stage, filling stage) can effectively mitigate the risk of cadmium exceeding in wheat grain. The research results provide a theoretical basis for remediating and controlling the risk of alkaline cadmium contaminated farmland soils.

Key words: alkaline farmland soil, cadmium pollution, winter wheat, soil physicochemical properties, bioconcentration and translocation characteristics

中图分类号:

X53
S512.1

张腾云, 王静, 高健磊, 葛文静, 王宗耀, 韩龙. 碱性农田土壤冬小麦不同生育期镉的迁移转化研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(3): 450-459.

ZHANG Tengyun, WANG Jing, GAO Jianlei, GE Wenjing, WANG Zongyao, HAN Long. Study on Cadmium Transfer and Transformation in Winter Wheat at Different Growth Stages in Alkaline Field Soil[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(3): 450-459.

图/表 7

表1 研究区土壤理化性质

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil in the study area

土壤理化指标	检测结果
pH	8.38±0.08
w_{(有机质SOM)}/(g∙kg⁻¹)	11.7±0.153
阳离子交换量 CEC/(cmol∙kg⁻¹)	14.9±0.564
w_(总钾TK)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	21.3±0.104
w_(总磷TP)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	0.859±0.0982
w_(总氮TN)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	0.893±0.0956
w_{(速效钾AK)}/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	193±11.9
w_{(有效磷AP)}/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	31.5±2.31

表2 检测标准及方法

Table 2 Testing standards and methods

检测项目	检测标准
土壤机械组成的测定	NY/T 1121.3—2006《土壤检测第3部分: 土壤机械组成的测定》
pH	NY/T 1121.2—2006土壤检测第2部分: 土壤pH的测定
有机质	DZ/T 0279.27—2016区域地球化学样品分析方法第27部分: 有机碳量测定重铬酸钾容量法
阳离子交换量	LY/T 1243—1999森林土壤阳离子交换量的测定
土壤镉	GB/T 14506.30—2010硅酸盐岩石化学分析方法第30部分: 44个元素量测定
土壤有效镉	HJ 804—2016土壤8种有效态元素的测定二乙烯三胺五乙酸浸提-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法
小麦植株、籽粒镉	GB5009.268—2016食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定

图1 小麦不同生育期非根际与根际土壤理化性质变化不同大写字母表示非根际pH（a）、有机质（b）、CEC（c）在小麦不同生育期的差异显著性，不同小写字母表示根际pH（a）、有机质（b）、CEC（c）在小麦不同生育期的差异显著性（P<0.05）;图中*表示非根际与根际有机质的差异显著性（**P<0.01），n=9

Figure 1 Changes in physical and chemical properties of bulk and rhizosphere soil at different growth stages of wheat

图2 小麦不同生育期土壤镉全量及其有效态含量变化不同大写字母表示非根际镉全量（a）、镉有效态含量（b）在小麦不同生育期的差异显著性，不同小写字母表示根际镉全量（a）、镉有效态含量（b）在小麦不同生育期的差异显著性（P<0.05），n=9

Figure 2 Changes in total and available cadmium content in soil at different growth stages of wheat

图3 土壤理化性质与镉全量及有效态相关性热点图图中BS代表非根际土，RS代表根际土;*代表不同处理间差异显著（*P<0.05，**P<0.01），n=27

Figure 3 Hot spot map of correlation between soil physicochemical properties and total and available cadmium levels

图4 不同生育期小麦植株各器官镉含量及其富集、迁移系数不同大写字母表示小麦根部镉含量（a）、富集系数（b）、迁移系数（c）在不同生育期的差异显著性，不同小写字母表示小麦茎叶部镉含量（a）、富集系数（b）、迁移系数（c）在不同生育期的差异显著性（P<0.05）;图中*表示小麦根部与茎叶部的差异显著性（*P<0.05，**P<0.01），n=9

Figure 4 Cadmium content and its enrichment and migration coefficient in organs of wheat plants at different growth stages

表3 土壤理化理化性质与镉富集迁运系数的相关性分析

Table 3 Correlation analysis of soil physicochemical properties with cadmium accumulation and migration coefficient

土壤理化指标		相关系数	富集系数BCF			迁移系数TF
土壤理化指标		相关系数	根	茎叶	籽粒	根-茎叶	茎叶-籽粒
有机质	BS	r	0.016	−0.010	−0.599	−0.192	−0.946
有机质	RS	r	−0.320	−0.483	−0.289	−0.416	−0.778
CEC	BS	r	−0.333	-0.346	−0.977	−0.334	−0.686
CEC	RS	r	−0.155	−0.697*	0.914	−0.565	0.526
PH	BS	r	−0.292	−0.106	−0.898	0.303	−0.990
PH	RS	r	0.690*	0.252	−0.062	−0.005	0.512

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碱性农田土壤冬小麦不同生育期镉的迁移转化研究

Study on Cadmium Transfer and Transformation in Winter Wheat at Different Growth Stages in Alkaline Field Soil

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