生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1732-1740.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.10.002

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

林火干扰对栓皮栎-辽东栎混交林植物多样性与土壤理化性质的影响

赵蔓1,2(), 张晓曼1,*(), 杨明洁1   

  1. 1.河北农业大学园林与旅游学院,河北 保定 071000
    2.山东农业大学林学院,山东 泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-05 出版日期:2023-10-18 发布日期:2024-01-16
  • 通讯作者: *张晓曼。E-mail: zhangxiaoman1977@163.com
    *张晓曼。E-mail: zhangxiaoman1977@163.com
  • 作者简介:赵蔓(1995年生),女,博士研究生,主要从事园林植物培育与环境生态学方面的研究工作。E-mail: sxyqpdzm@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然科学基金面上项目(C2021204113);河北省教育厅重点项目(ZD2016132)

Effects of Forest Fire Disturbance on Species Diversity and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Quercus variabilis and Quercus wutaishansea Mixed Forests

ZHAO Man1,2(), ZHANG Xiaoman1,*(), YANG Mingjie1   

  1. 1. College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
    2. College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Shandong, Taian 271018, P. R. China
  • Received:2022-12-05 Online:2023-10-18 Published:2024-01-16

摘要:

以山西省药林寺森林公园受到中度、重度以及周边未受到林火干扰的栓皮栎 (Quercus variabilis)-辽东栎(Quercus wutaishansea)混交林为研究对象,采用典型样地法对栓皮栎-辽东栎混交林植物多样性特征、土壤理化性质等进行分析,采用冗余分析的方法,探讨林火干扰后土壤理化性质对植被物种多样性的影响机制,以期为林火干扰迹地植物多样性恢复和森林的可持续经营提供理论基础。结果表明,1)研究区维管植物38种,各林火干扰程度下科属种数目均表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层。2)在不同程度林火干扰下,乔木层的Simpson指数、Margalef指数表现为重度>中度>对照(CK),Shannon-wiener指数、Pielou指数表现为中度>重度>CK;灌木层的α多样性指数均表现为在重度林火干扰下最高,在中度林火干扰下最低;草本层的Simpson指数、Shannon-wiener指数、Margalef指数表现为CK>中度>重度,Pielou指数的变化规律为重度>CK>中度。3)重度林火干扰后,在0-10 cm土层土壤中,林下土壤含水率、pH值、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾含量与CK相比显著降低3.2%、20.36%、14.03%、7.8%、5.9%;在10-20 cm土层土壤中,林下土壤全氮、全磷、速效钾含量在林火干扰后与CK相比显著降低36%、24.07%、2.06%。4)冗余分析结果表明:0-10 cm土层中的有机质、速效钾与10-20 cm土层中的碱解氮、全钾是显著影响乔、灌、草物种多样性的环境因子。综上所述,林火干扰后栓皮栎-辽东栎混交林植被物种多样性与土壤理化性质具有相关性,在火烧迹地生态恢复中适量补充土壤有机质、氮与钾,可为更多物种的生存和发育提供良好的土壤条件。

关键词: 林火干扰, 物种多样性, 土壤理化性质, 栓皮栎, 辽东栎

Abstract:

This study focused on the mixed forest of Quercus variabilis and Quercus wutaishansea in Yaolin Temple Forest Park, which were moderately and severely affected by forest fire, and the surrounding forests undisturbed by fire. The characteristics of plant diversity and soil physical and chemical properties of the mixed forest of Quercus variabilis and Quercus wutaishansea were analyzed by using typical plot method. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the recovery of plant diversity on forest fire disturbance sites and sustainable management of forests, redundancy analysis was used to explore the impact mechanism of soil physical and chemical characteristics on plant species diversity. The results showed the following: 1) There were 38 vascular plant species in the study area, with the number of species being the highest in the herbaceous layer, followed by the shrub layer and then the tree layer, under different levels of forest fire disturbance. 2) The Simpson index and Margalef index of tree layer were highest under severe forest fire disturbance, followed by moderate disturbance, and lowest in the control check (CK) area. The α diversity index of shrub layer was highest under severe disturbance and the lowest under moderate disturbance. The Simpson index, Shannon-wiener index, and Margalef index of herbaceous layer were CK>moderate>severe, with Pielou index showing severe> CK>moderate. 3) Compared to the CK area, the moisture content, pH, total P, total K, available P and available K in 0-10 cm soil layer were reduced remarkably by 3.2%, 20.36%, 14.03%, 7.8% and 5.9% after severe forest fire disturbance. The contents of total N, total P and available K in 10-20 cm soil layer were decreased significantly by 36%, 24.07%, 2.06%. 4) The results of redundancy analysis showed that organic matter, available K in the 0-10 cm layer soil and total K, hydrolysable N in the 10-20 cm layer soil were the environmental factors that significantly affect the diversity of tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer species. In conclusion, there is a correlation between plant species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties of mixed forest of Quercus variabilis and Quercus wutaishansea after forest fire disturbance. The presence of appropriate levels of soil organic matter, nitrogen, and potassium can provide good soil conditions for the survival and development of a greater diversity of species during the ecological restoration of fire sites.

Key words: forest fire disturbance, species diversity, soil physicochemical properties, Quercus variabilis, Quercus wutaishansea

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