黄帚橐吾扩散对高寒草甸土壤理化特性及酶活性的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 1384-1391.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.004

黄帚橐吾扩散对高寒草甸土壤理化特性及酶活性的影响

王玉琴¹^,²^,^*(), 宋梅玲¹^,², 周睿¹^,², 王宏生¹^,²

1.青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室/青海大学畜牧兽医科学院，青海西宁 810016
2.省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室/青海大学，青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2023-04-06 出版日期:2023-08-18 发布日期:2023-11-08
通讯作者: *
作者简介:王玉琴（1988年生），女，助理研究员，博士研究生，主要从事高寒草地保护研究。E-mail: gsndwangyuqin@126.com
基金资助:
青海省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2023-ZJ-723);国家自然科学联合基金项目(U21A20186);青海省“高端创新创业人才计划”拔尖人才培养计划项目

Effects of Spread of Ligularia virgaurea on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities in Alpine Meadow

WANG Yuqin¹^,²^,^*(), SONG Meiling¹^,², ZHOU Rui¹^,², WANG Hongsheng¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau/Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine/Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P. R. China
2. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture/Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P. R. China

Received:2023-04-06 Online:2023-08-18 Published:2023-11-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄帚橐吾（Ligularia virgaurea）作为指示高寒草甸退化的重要物种，研究其扩散对高寒草甸土壤特性产生的影响，对揭示黄帚橐吾的入侵机制具有重要意义。以黄帚橐吾微斑块为研究对象，根据密度等级划分6个扩散程度（D0，D1，D2，D3，D4，D5），并对各密度斑块的土壤理化特性和酶活性进行分析，结果表明：随黄帚橐吾密度的增加，各密度斑块的土壤pH值呈明显降低趋势，土壤含水量和全磷呈先增加后降低的趋势，在D2－D3范围内达到最大值。土壤有机碳呈“N”字形变化，在D2达到最大值，土壤铵态氮含量为D5显著高于D4（P<0.05），硝态氮含量为D0和D2显著高于其余密度斑块（P<0.05），速效磷含量呈增加趋势，且D4显著高于D0和D3（P<0.05），全钾含量在D0、D3和D4显著高于D1和D2（P<0.05），速效钾含量在D2达到最大值，且显著高于其余斑块（P<0.05）。土壤过氧化氢酶活性呈先增大后降低的趋势，D4显著低于其余斑块（P<0.05）；土壤蔗糖酶活性在各斑块间差异不显著（P>0.05）；D5的中性磷酸酶活性最高且显著高于D0和D1（P<0.05）；土壤脲酶活性呈先增加后降低的趋势，D1的脲酶活性最高，显著高于其余斑块（P<0.05）。土壤pH值与硝态氮、有机碳、脲酶和中性磷酸酶显著相关，土壤硝态氮和全钾与脲酶和中性磷酸酶显著相关，且黄帚橐吾密度与土壤pH、硝态氮以及中性磷酸酶显著相关（P<0.05）。综上所述，黄帚橐吾通过对养分的富集以及改变土壤酸碱度，限制了其余牧草的生长，加速自身种群数量的增加和扩散。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 黄帚橐吾, 密度斑块, 土壤理化性质, 酶活性

Abstract:

It is of great significance to reveal the invasion mechanism of Ligularia virgaurea, an important species indicating the degeneration of alpine meadow, by studying the effects of Ligularia virgaurea spread on the soil characteristics. Therefore, six spread degrees (D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) were divided according to the density level of Ligularia virgaurea micropatches, and the soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of each density patch were analyzed and determined. The results showed that the spread of Ligularia virgaurea density significantly decreased the soil pH value, and the soil water content and total phosphorus initially increased and subsequently decreased, reaching the maximum value in the range of D2-D3. The values of soil organic carbon showed a “N”-shape change, reaching the maximum value at D2. Soil ammonium nitrogen content at D5 was significantly higher than that at D4 (P<0.05), the nitrate nitrogen content of D0 and D2 was significantly higher than that of other density patches (P<0.05). Available phosphorus contents showed an increasing trend along with the spread degrees, and D4 was significantly higher than that in D0 and D3 (P<0.05). Total potassium contents in D0, D3 and D4 were significantly higher than that in D1 and D2 (P<0.05), the value of available potassium content reached the maximum in D2, and was significantly higher than that in other patches (P<0.05). Soil catalase activity initially increased and subsequently decreased, and the enzyme activity of D4 was significantly lower than that of other patches (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in soil sucrase activity among patches (P<0.05). The neutral phosphatase activity of D5 was significantly higher than that of D0 and D1 (P<0.05). Soil urease activity initially increased and subsequently decreased, and the enzyme activity of D1 was significantly higher than that of other patches (P<0.05). Soil pH value was significantly correlated with nitrate nitrogen, organic carbon, urease and neutral phosphatase, soil nitrate nitrogen and total potassium were significantly correlated with urease and neutral phosphatase. The density of Ligularia virgaurea was significantly correlated with soil pH, nitrate nitrogen and neutral phosphatase (P<0.05). In conclusion, Ligularia virgaurea limited the growth of other herbage through nutrient enrichment and soil pH change, and accelerated the increase and spread of its own population.

Key words: alpine meadow, Ligularia virgaurea, density patch, soil physicochemical properties, enzymatic activity

中图分类号:

王玉琴, 宋梅玲, 周睿, 王宏生. 黄帚橐吾扩散对高寒草甸土壤理化特性及酶活性的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(8): 1384-1391.

WANG Yuqin, SONG Meiling, ZHOU Rui, WANG Hongsheng. Effects of Spread of Ligularia virgaurea on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities in Alpine Meadow[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(8): 1384-1391.

图/表 5

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斑块	黄帚橐吾密度/(ind·m^-2)	总物种数	主要优势植物
D0	0	22.25±0.75a	高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia、钝裂银莲花A. obtusiloba
D1	43±5.00e	24.25±1.25a	高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia
D2	99±2.52d	23.5±1.50a	高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia
D3	163±11.70c	24.25±1.25a	黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea、高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia
D4	332±10.71b	25.00±0.82a	黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea、高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia
D5	621±9.15a	22.25±0.48a	黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea、高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia

斑块	黄帚橐吾密度/(ind·m^-2)	总物种数	主要优势植物
D0	0	22.25±0.75a	高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia、钝裂银莲花A. obtusiloba
D1	43±5.00e	24.25±1.25a	高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia
D2	99±2.52d	23.5±1.50a	高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia
D3	163±11.70c	24.25±1.25a	黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea、高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia
D4	332±10.71b	25.00±0.82a	黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea、高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia
D5	621±9.15a	22.25±0.48a	黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea、高原早熟禾P. alpigena、矮嵩草K. humilis、线叶嵩草K. capillifolia

斑块	pH	w_{(土壤水分)}/ %	w_(有机碳)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(全氮)/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(铵态氮)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(硝态氮)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(全磷)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(速效磷)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(全钾)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(速效钾)/ (mg·kg^-1)
D0	7.26±0.04a	26.68±0.26c	91.29±4.04b	4.53±0.21a	18.72±1.10ab	19.97±0.82a	0.49±0.003b	6.59±0.10b	12.09±0.04a	256.26±4.53b
D1	7.17±0.01a	28.07±0.30ab	90.12±6.62b	4.81±0.12a	19.36±0.94ab	15.35±1.20b	0.50±0.01b	6.71±0.29ab	11.31±0.13b	229.83±1.65c
D2	6.84±0.02b	29.52±0.50a	114.21±1.04a	4.87±0.15a	18.96±0.51ab	18.21±0.68a	0.52±0.01b	6.97±0.36ab	11.39±0.38b	314.07±4.02a
D3	6.79±0.01b	29.21±0.74a	105.05±6.98ab	4.84±0.11a	19.12±1.03ab	8.50±0.35d	0.70±0.03a	6.41±0.21b	12.14±0.13a	237.70±3.15c
D4	6.82±0.01b	28.33±0.23ab	93.74±4.54b	4.87±0.21a	16.05±0.36b	12.49±0.16c	0.51±0.02b	7.68±0.19a	12.09±0.17a	254.57±3.48b
D5	6.67±0.02c	27.80±1.06abc	104.90±4.32ab	4.48±0.22a	19.72±2.25a	5.67±0.08c	0.51±0.001b	7.29±0.54ab	11.64±0.24ab	264.92±4.09b

斑块	pH	w_{(土壤水分)}/ %	w_(有机碳)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(全氮)/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(铵态氮)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(硝态氮)/ (mg·kg^-1)	w_(全磷)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(速效磷)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(全钾)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(速效钾)/ (mg·kg^-1)
D0	7.26±0.04a	26.68±0.26c	91.29±4.04b	4.53±0.21a	18.72±1.10ab	19.97±0.82a	0.49±0.003b	6.59±0.10b	12.09±0.04a	256.26±4.53b
D1	7.17±0.01a	28.07±0.30ab	90.12±6.62b	4.81±0.12a	19.36±0.94ab	15.35±1.20b	0.50±0.01b	6.71±0.29ab	11.31±0.13b	229.83±1.65c
D2	6.84±0.02b	29.52±0.50a	114.21±1.04a	4.87±0.15a	18.96±0.51ab	18.21±0.68a	0.52±0.01b	6.97±0.36ab	11.39±0.38b	314.07±4.02a
D3	6.79±0.01b	29.21±0.74a	105.05±6.98ab	4.84±0.11a	19.12±1.03ab	8.50±0.35d	0.70±0.03a	6.41±0.21b	12.14±0.13a	237.70±3.15c
D4	6.82±0.01b	28.33±0.23ab	93.74±4.54b	4.87±0.21a	16.05±0.36b	12.49±0.16c	0.51±0.02b	7.68±0.19a	12.09±0.17a	254.57±3.48b
D5	6.67±0.02c	27.80±1.06abc	104.90±4.32ab	4.48±0.22a	19.72±2.25a	5.67±0.08c	0.51±0.001b	7.29±0.54ab	11.64±0.24ab	264.92±4.09b

指标	pH	SWC	TOC	STN	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	STP	RAP	STK	RAK	CAT	EC	NP
SWC	-0.294	1
TOC	-0.443*	0.486*	1
STN	-0.029	-0.187	-0.180	1
NH₄⁺-N	0.103	-0.265	0.079	0.296	1
NO₃^--N	0.716**	-0.031	-0.195	0.170	-0.076	1
STP	-0.274	0.419*	0.344	0.126	-0.005	-0.203	1
RAP	-0.217	0.247	0.065	-0.325	-0.397	-0.138	-0.227	1
STK	-0.031	-0.212	-0.218	0.147	0.054	-0.088	0.063	-0.006	1
RAK	-0.297	0.157	0.560**	-0.088	0.048	0.212	-0.068	0.156	-0.235	1
CAT	0.152	0.154	-0.011	-0.117	0.272	0.078	0.024	-0.398	-0.392	-0.028	1
EC	0.031	-0.004	0.032	-0.336	0.277	-0.205	-0.140	0.235	-0.087	-0.071	0.152	1
NP	-0.491*	0.069	0.178	-0.211	-0.043	-0.540**	-0.222	0.230	-0.154	0.075	0.068	0.154	1
Ure	0.598**	-0.102	-0.125	0.037	0.078	0.418*	-0.185	-0.054	-0.476*	-0.210	0.269	-0.056	-0.327

黄帚橐吾扩散对高寒草甸土壤理化特性及酶活性的影响

Effects of Spread of Ligularia virgaurea on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities in Alpine Meadow

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土壤指标	密度	土壤指标	密度
pH	-0.766**	RAP	0.402
SWC	-0.026	STK	0.040
TOC	0.192	RAK	0.095
STN	-0.196	CAT	-0.261
NH₄⁺-N	-0.066	EC	0.066
NO₃^--N	-0.842**	NP	0.571**
STP	-0.005	Ure	-0.373

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