不同淹没水深下菹草对强辐射的响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.05.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 720-729.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.05.006

不同淹没水深下菹草对强辐射的响应

王锦旗^*(), 宋玉芝

南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院，江苏南京 210044

收稿日期:2024-03-27 出版日期:2024-05-18 发布日期:2024-06-27
通讯作者: *
作者简介:王锦旗（1976年生），副教授，博士，研究方向为大气环境因子对水生生态系统的影响。E-mail: w_j_q@sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42077303);江苏省基础研究计划（自然科学基金）(BK20220021)

Response of Potamogeton crispus to Intense Radiation under Different Submergence Depths

WANG Jinqi^*(), SONG Yuzhi

School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China

Received:2024-03-27 Online:2024-05-18 Published:2024-06-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

春末夏初菹草大批衰亡的原因一直是水体生态修复关注重点，强辐射被认为是最为重要的因素。为研究不同淹没水深下菹草对强辐射的抵御能力，通过模拟强辐射方式，用透明渔网将植株压迫至水下相应位置（10、20、30 cm），分别测定菹草形态、叶绿素质量分数及叶绿素荧光参数等变化，并与对照组（未压迫）比较。结果表明，压迫至水下20 cm处的植株在株高、叶面积、鲜物质量，以及叶绿素质量分数等指标均高于其他深度处理组，对照组各项指标最低；水下20 cm组PSⅡ中心活性最强，受强辐射中UV-B伤害最小，而对照组及水下10 cm处理组，受UV-B辐射后，其PSⅡ反应中心遭到破坏或可逆性失活，光能转换效率、光能传递能率以及电子传递速率下降；水下30 cm处理组，虽PSⅡ反应中心未遭到伤害，因光合有效辐射衰减，植株生长各项指标不及20 cm组。辐射对所有监测指标均有极显著影响，大部分指标同时受水深因素影响；株高、节间距、叶绿素质量分数及F_v/F_m、ϕ_PSⅡ、q_P还受两者交互影响。该试验中，水下20 cm既可抵御有害辐射，光合有效辐射也能满足植株生长。因此，利用水体自身屏蔽作用，通过压迫方式可有效削减强辐射中有害辐射对菹草的伤害，是一种简单易行的方式，在自然水体中可参考UV-B生物有效光学深度来确定压迫深度。

关键词: 紫外辐射, 菹草, 形态, 叶绿素质量分数, 叶绿素荧光参数, 生物有效光学深度

Abstract:

The decline of Potamogeton crispus in late spring and early summer is the focus of ecological water-restoration research. Intense radiation is a major factor contributing to the mortality of Potamogeton crispus. To investigate the resistance of P. crispus to intense radiation at different water depths, transparent fishing nets were used to push P. crispus plants to their corresponding underwater positions (10, 20, and 30 cm) by simulating intense radiation. Plant morphology, leaf area, fresh weight, chlorophyll mass fraction, and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured and the results were compared with those of the control group (without compression). The results showed that when the P. crispus plants were suppressed to a depth of 20 cm, the plant height, leaf area, weight per plant, and chlorophyll mass fraction were higher than those of the other treatments, whereas the various indicators of the control group were the lowest. The activity of the PSⅡ center was the strongest in all treatment groups, and the harmful effects of UV-B radiation were minimal. The PSⅡ reaction center of the plants in the control and 10-cm treatment groups was destroyed or reversibly inactivated, and the light energy conversion efficiency, light energy transfer rate, and electron transfer rate decreased. The PSⅡ reaction center of the plants was not damaged by 30 cm underwater, but photosynthetically active radiation could not meet the growth requirements of plants in deep water. Radiation had a significant effect on all monitoring indicators, with most indicators being simultaneously affected by water depth. The plant height, internode length, chlorophyll mass fraction, F_v/F_m, ϕ_PSⅡ, and q_P were also affected by their interactions. Therefore, 20 cm underwater could meet the growth requirements of P. crispus in this experiment because the attenuating effect of water reduced the UV-B radiation. The shielding effect of water is an effective method for minimizing damage. However, in natural waters, the depth of suppression is determined by the biologically effective optical depth of the UV-B radiation.

Key words: ultraviolet radiation, photosynthesis, morphology, chlorophyll mass fraction, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, biologically effective optical depth

中图分类号:

Q14
X173

王锦旗, 宋玉芝. 不同淹没水深下菹草对强辐射的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(5): 720-729.

WANG Jinqi, SONG Yuzhi. Response of Potamogeton crispus to Intense Radiation under Different Submergence Depths[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(5): 720-729.

图/表 7

图1 不同波段辐射在试验水体中衰减情况

Figure 1 Attenuation of radiation in various spectral bands under experimental water

图2 不同淹没水深下强辐射对菹草形态特征的影响大写字母代表同一处理组不同日期显著性差异，小写字母代表同一日期不同处理之间的差异性，相同字母代表差异不显著（p>0.05），不同字母代表差异显著（p<0.05），下同

Figure 2 Effect of intense radiation on morphological characteristics of Potamogeton crispus under different submergence depths

图3 不同淹没水深下强辐射对菹草叶绿素质量分数的影响

Figure 3 Effect of intense radiation on chlorophyll mass fraction of Potamogeton crispus under different submergence depths

图4 不同淹没水深下强辐射对菹草荧光参数的影响

Figure 4 Effect of intense radiation on chlorophyll fluorescence of Potamogeton crispus under different submergence depths

表1 第58天各处理水深处辐射强度与植株生长参数之间相关系数

Table 1 Correlation coefficient between radiation intensity at different depths and plant growth parameters on the 58th day

辐射波段	株高	节间距	叶面积	鲜物质量	Chla	Chlb	F_v/F_m	F_v/F_o	ϕ_PSⅡ	q_P
UV-B	−0.58*	−0.75**	−0.28	−0.51	−0.89**	−0.88**	−0.89**	−0.90**	−0.64*	−0.44
UV-A	−0.61*	−0.75**	−0.31	−0.53	−0.82**	−0.81**	−0.87**	−0.86**	−0.56	−0.35
PAR	−0.45	−0.69**	−0.21	−0.48	−0.89**	−0.87**	−0.85**	−0.87**	−0.61*	−0.42

图5 辐射强度对植株生长指标的拟合曲线

Figure 5 Fitting curve of radiation intensity on plant growth parameters

表2 辐射时间和水深对植株生长各种参数的双因素方差分析

Table 2 Two-way ANOVA analysis (radiation time×water depth) of various parameters

参数	辐射时间		水深		辐射时间×水深
参数	p值	F值	p值	F值	p值	F值
株高	0.00	20.99	0.00	10.83	0.01	3.04
节间距	0.00	11.04	0.00	12.01	0.00	3.52
叶面积	0.00	9.61	0.60	0.63	0.34	1.18
鲜物质量	0.00	18.29	0.01	4.81	0.46	1.00
Chla	0.00	11.44	0.00	295.46	0.00	42.71
Chlb	0.00	15.65	0.00	111.44	0.00	17.37
F_v/F_m	0.00	22.35	0.00	13.60	0.01	2.82
F_v/F_o	0.00	18.32	0.00	8.40	0.43	1.04
ϕ_PSⅡ	0.00	10.50	0.00	12.37	0.00	6.40
q_P	0.01	4.49	0.16	1.84	0.00	9.45

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不同淹没水深下菹草对强辐射的响应

Response of Potamogeton crispus to Intense Radiation under Different Submergence Depths

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