磷改性生物炭对云南某铅锌矿周边农田铅锌污染土壤修复效果的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.018

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 593-602.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.018

磷改性生物炭对云南某铅锌矿周边农田铅锌污染土壤修复效果的影响

苏焱(), 全妍红, 宦紫嫣, 姚佳, 苏小娟^*()

西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明 650224

收稿日期:2021-12-04 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: *苏小娟,E-mail: sl_505@126.com
作者简介:苏焱（1997年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为重金属污染修复。E-mail: suy88888888@163.com
基金资助:
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(51600609);云南省基础研究面上项目(202101AT070037);西南林业大学公开招聘博士科研启动项目(01102/112114)

Effect of phosphate-modified Biochar on Remediation of Pb- and Zn-polluted Farmlands Around A Pb/Zn Mine in Yunnan Province, China

SU Yan(), QUAN Yanhong, HUAN Ziyan, YAO Jia, SU Xiaojuan^*()

College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China

Received:2021-12-04 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以烟杆炭（Y）和竹炭（Z）及磷改性烟杆炭（PY）和磷改性竹炭（PZ）作为修复材料,通过室内培养试验研究不同生物炭施用量（质量分数分别为1%、3%和5%）对矿区附近农田重金属复合污染土壤pH,有效磷,水溶态Pb、Zn及其赋存形态转化的影响,并通过毒性淋溶提取法（TCLP法）对4种钝化材料的钝化效果及环境风险进行评价。结果表明,（1）施用生物炭可明显提高土壤pH和有效磷含量,与CK相比,土壤pH增加了0.01—0.30个单位,土壤有效磷含量增加了6.4%—72.9%。（2）土壤水溶态Pb和Zn含量随生物炭施用量的增加而降低,与CK相比,培养结束后生物炭和磷改性生物炭处理土壤水溶态Pb和Zn分别降低了17.5%—92.6%和15.2%—76.8%,其中PY₅处理效果最显著。（3）与CK相比,随着生物炭施用的增加,土壤弱酸态和可还原态Pb、Zn含量显著降低,而可氧化态和残渣态Pb、Zn所占比例则明显增加。（4）培养结束后,PY₅（添加量为5%的 PY处理）土壤TCLP提取态Pb、Zn浓度降至最低,分别为14.53、21.88 mg∙L^-1。（5）相关分析表明,土壤pH、有效磷含量与重金属形态显著相关。综上所述,生物炭及磷改性生物炭促进土壤重金属形态向残渣态转化,降低了土壤重金属的有效性,磷改性生物炭钝化效果优于未改性生物炭。

关键词: 生物炭, 磷改性生物炭, Pb, Zn, 化学形态, 毒性淋溶提取法

Abstract:

An incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of tobacco stem biochar (Y), bamboo biochar (Z), and phosphorus-modified biochar (PY and PZ) (with the mass fraction of 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively) on soil pH, available phosphorus, and the forms of Pb and Zn, by means of the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) and the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). The results showed that (1) Among all the added biochar in soil, soil pH increased 0.01-0.30 unit and soil available P also increased by 6.40%-72.90%. (2) The content of water soluble Pb/Zn decreased as the amount of biochar application increased. The biochar and phosphorus-modified biochar treatments decreased the water soluble Pb/Zn after incubation, especially PY₅ that exhibited the most significant decline. (3) Compared with the CK, the proportions of the acid-soluble and reducible Pb and Zn had a significantly larger decline, whereas the proportions of the oxidizable and residual Pb and Zn showed a larger increase with the increasing rate of the application of biochar. (4) After the incubations, the lowest concentration of TCLP-Pb and -Zn, 14.53 mg∙L^-1 and 21.88 mg∙L^-1 respectively, occurred in the PY₅ (addition amount was 5% PY) treatment. (5) The correlation analysis showed that soil pH and available phosphorus was significantly correlated with heavy metal forms. Overall, these results show that biochar and phosphorus-modified biochar can promote the transformation of heavy metal from an unstable to a stable state, and reduce heavy metal bioavailability. The results also indicate that the passivation effect of phosphorus-modified biochar is superior to that of biochar.

Key words: biochar, phosphorus-modified biochars, lead, zinc, chemical form, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)

中图分类号:

苏焱, 全妍红, 宦紫嫣, 姚佳, 苏小娟. 磷改性生物炭对云南某铅锌矿周边农田铅锌污染土壤修复效果的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(3): 593-602.

SU Yan, QUAN Yanhong, HUAN Ziyan, YAO Jia, SU Xiaojuan. Effect of phosphate-modified Biochar on Remediation of Pb- and Zn-polluted Farmlands Around A Pb/Zn Mine in Yunnan Province, China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(3): 593-602.

图/表 9

表1 生物炭及磷改性生物炭基本性质

Table 1 Basic properties of biochars

生物炭 Biochars	pH	比表面积 Specific surface area/(m²∙g^-1)	有效磷含量 w_(AP)/(mg∙kg^-1)	总Pb含量 w_(Pb)/(mg∙kg^-1)	总Zn含量 w_(Zn)/(mg∙kg^-1)
烟杆炭 Tobacco stem biochar	9.25	19.52	1199	—	130
竹炭 Bamboo biochar	9.38	2.53	543	—	30
磷改性烟杆炭 Phosphorus-modified tobacco stem biochar	8.56	10.52	1672	—	50
磷改性竹炭 Phosphorus-modified bamboo biochar	8.56	1.82	833	—	20

图1 生物炭及磷改性生物炭红外光谱图 Y：烟杆炭; Z：竹炭; PY：磷改性烟杆炭; PZ：磷改性竹炭。下同

Figure 1 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of biochar and phosphorus-modified biochar Y: Tobacco charcoal; Z: Bamboo charcoal; PY: Phosphorus modified tobacco charcoal; PZ: Phosphorus modified bamboo charcoal. The same below

图2 供试生物炭SEM图

Figure 2 SEM of tested biochar

图3 不同处理对土壤pH的影响不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异性显著（P<0.05,n=3）。CK：对照组,未添加生物炭的处理;Y1、Y2、Y3：添加质量分数1%、3%、5%的烟杆炭处理;Z1、Z2、Z3：添加质量分数1%、3%、5%的竹炭处理;PY1、PY2、PY3：添加质量分数1%、3%、5%的磷改性烟杆炭处理;PZ1、PZ2、PZ3：添加质量分数1%、3%、5%的磷改性竹炭处理;下同

Figure 3 Effect of different biochar treatments on soil pH Different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among different treatments (P<0.05, n=3). CK: control group(without biochar). Y1, Y2, Y3: the addition amount was 1%, 3%, 5% (w/w) tobacco stem carbon treatment, respectively. Z1, Z2, Z3: the addition amount was 1%, 3%, 5% (w/w) bamboo charcoal treatment, respectively. PY1, PY2, PY3: the addition amount was 1%, 3%, 5% (w/w) phosphorus modified tobacco carbon treatment, respectively. PZ1, PZ2, PZ3: the addition amount was 1%, 3%, 5% (w/w) phosphorus modified bamboo charcoal treatment, respectively. the same below

图4 不同处理对土壤有效磷含量的影响

Figure 4 Effect of different biochar treatments on soil available phosphorous content

图5 不同处理对土壤水溶态Pb、Zn的影响

Figure 5 Effect of different biochar treatments on water souble Pb and Zn

图6 不同处理土壤中Pb和Zn各化学形态的含量

Figure 6 Percentage of geochemical fractions of Pb and Zn in differernt treatment soils

图7 不同生物炭对土壤TCLP提取态Pb和Zn的影响

Figure 7 Effect of different biochar treatments on concentration of TCLP extractable Pb and Zn

表2 土壤pH和有效P含量与不同形态重金属含量之间的相关系数

Table 2 Correlation coefficients of fractions and contents of different forms of heavy metals with soil pH and available phosphorus

重金属Heavy metals	生物炭Biochar	弱酸提取态 Acid fraction		可还原态 Reducible fraction		可氧化态 Oxidizable fraction		残渣态 Residual fraction
重金属Heavy metals	生物炭Biochar	pH	有效磷 AP	pH	有效磷 AP	pH	有效磷 AP	pH	有效磷 AP
铅 Pb	Y	-0.875^**	-0.852^**	-0.678^*	-0.875^**	0.844^**	0.980^**	0.778^**	0.671^*
	Z	-0.884^**	-0.796^**	-0.875^**	-0.791^**	0.906^**	0.842^**	0.777^**	0.629^*
	PY	-0.611^*	-0.999^**	-0.568	-0.997^**	0.608^*	0.999^**	0.547	0.995^**
	PZ	-0.765^**	-0.877^**	-0.784^**	-0.874^**	0.675^*	0.887^**	0.894^**	0.719^**
锌 Zn	Y	-0.858^**	-0.856^**	-0.915^**	-0.948^**	0.818^**	0.679^*	0.833^**	0.998^**
	Z	-0.887^**	-0.801^**	-0.933^**	-0.914^**	0.933^**	0.927^**	0.827^**	0.701^*
	PY	-0.554	-0.995^**	-0.560	-0.995^**	0.417	0.956^**	0.777^**	0.926^**
	PZ	-0.776^**	-0.977^**	-0.747^**	-0.972^**	0.723^**	0.959^**	0.803^**	0.984^**

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磷改性生物炭对云南某铅锌矿周边农田铅锌污染土壤修复效果的影响

Effect of phosphate-modified Biochar on Remediation of Pb- and Zn-polluted Farmlands Around A Pb/Zn Mine in Yunnan Province, China

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