生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1750-1759.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.10.004

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于多尺度情景的闽三角地区林地生态网络构建

肖瑶1(), 刘渺渺1, 梁冠敏1, 胡喜生1, 林森1, 巫志龙1,2,*()   

  1. 1.福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院,福建 福州 350002
    2.国家林业和草原局杉木工程技术研究中心,福建 福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-30 出版日期:2023-10-18 发布日期:2024-01-16
  • 通讯作者: *巫志龙。E-mail: 81698187@qq.com
  • 作者简介:肖瑶(2000年生),女,硕士研究生,主要从事森林大数据与信息技术研究。E-mail: 723131934@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31971639);福建省自然科学基金项目(2019J01406);福建省工程索道工程技术研究中心开放课题基金项目(ptjh16006)

Construction of Forest Ecological Network in the Min River Delta Based on Multi-scale Scenarios

XIAO Yao1(), LIU Miaomiao1, LIANG Guanmin1, HU Xisheng1, LIN Sen1, WU Zhilong1,2,*()   

  1. 1. College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
    2. National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
  • Received:2023-07-30 Online:2023-10-18 Published:2024-01-16

摘要:

探索不同尺度情景下的区域生态网络构建,揭示其空间分布和特征差异,为区域生态规划和生物多样性保护提供理论依据。以闽三角地区为例,借助形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)探讨2000、2010和2020年森林景观结构动态变化;根据动物迁徙特点设置多尺度情景[小 (栖息地面积60 hm2,扩散距离10 km)、中 (300 hm2,30 km)、大 (500 hm2,60 km)、超大 (1000 hm2,100 km)],利用Linkage Mapper提取不同尺度情景下的生态廊道和生态节点,分析生态网络的适用性和特征。结果表明,1)近20年来,闽三角地区林地核心区面积比重下降0.63%,破碎化程度增加;核心区主要分布在北部、西北部和西南部山地丘陵地带,而东部沿海地区核心区斑块较少。2)近20年来,修正中介中心性指数和斑块重要性指数均增大,说明闽三角地区生态源地连通性有所增强,且两个指数均随尺度的增大而增大,说明尺度越大,生态源地连通性越高。3)以2020年土地利用数据构建生态网络,小、中、大和超大尺度情景下提取生态源地分别为1.044×104、1.005×104、0.989×104和0.964×104 km2;生态廊道1006、305、208和118条;不同尺度情景下生态源地、生态廊道有明显的空间差异,尺度越大,建成区密集的中心区源地和廊道越少;不同尺度情景下生态网络连通性有明显差异,大尺度情景生态网络的网络封闭度、连通性和复杂程度均优于其他尺度。4)在小、中、大和超大尺度情景下识别生态节点分别有233、79、70和35处;生态节点随着尺度的增加,数量减少,越容易修复,表明小尺度物种更容易受人类活动的影响。

关键词: 多尺度情景, 生态网络, 形态学空间格局分析(MSPA), 生态廊道, 生态节点, 闽三角地区

Abstract:

This study explores the construction of regional ecological networks under different scale scenarios, reveals their spatial distribution and characteristic differences, and provides a theoretical basis for regional ecological planning and biodiversity protection. Taking the Fujian delta region as an example, we used Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) to explore the dynamic changes in forest landscape structure in 2000, 2010 and 2020. We set up multi-scale scenarios based on animal migration characteristics (small [habitat area 60 hm2, dispersion distance 10 km], Medium [300 hm2, 30 km], large [500 hm2, 60 km], and ultra-large [1000 hm2, 100 km]). We used Linkage Mapper to extract ecological corridors and ecological nodes under different scale scenarios, and analyze the applicability and characteristics of the ecological network. The results show 1) in the past 20 years, the proportion of the core area of forestland in the Fujian delta region has decreased by 0.63%, and the degree of fragmentation has increased; the core area is mainly distributed in the mountainous and hilly areas in the north, northwest and southwest, while the core area in the eastern coastal area has fewer blocks. 2) In the past 20 years, both the modified betweenness centrality index and the plaque importance index have increased, indicating that the ecological source connectivity in the Fujian delta region has increased, and both indices increased with the increase of scale. This shows that the larger the scale, the higher the connectivity of ecological source areas. 3) The ecological network was constructed using land use data in 2020. The extracted ecological source areas under small, medium, large, and ultra-large scale scenarios were 1.044×104 km2, 1.005×104 km2, 0.989×104 km2 and 0.964×104 km2, respectively; there were 1006, 305, 208 and 118 ecological corridors, showing apparent spatial differences in ecological source areas and corridors under different scale scenarios. Larger scales corresponded to smaller source areas and corridors in dense central areas of built-up areas. There were obvious differences in the connectivity of ecological networks under different scale scenarios. The network closure, connectivity, and complexity of the ecological network in large-scale scenarios were better than those at other scales. 4) We identified 233, 79, 70 and 35 ecological nodes under small, medium, large, and ultra-large scale scenarios, respectively; as the scale increases, the number of ecological nodes decreases and they become easier to repair, indicating that small-scale species are more susceptible to the impact of human activities.

Key words: multi-scale scenarios, ecological network, Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), ecological corridor, ecological node, Fujian delta region

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