椰壳生物炭对海南滨海土壤的改良效果

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 723-731.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.010

椰壳生物炭对海南滨海土壤的改良效果

邓晓¹^,²^,³(), 武春媛¹^,², 杨桂生¹^,², 李怡¹^,², 李勤奋¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
2.国家农业环境儋州观测实验站,海南儋州 571737
3.海南省热带生态循环农业重点实验室,海南海口 571101

收稿日期:2022-01-14 出版日期:2022-04-18 发布日期:2022-06-22
通讯作者: *李勤奋（1974年生）,女,研究员,博士,研究方向为热带生态循环农业。E-mail: qinfenli2005@163.com
作者简介:邓晓（1976年生）,女,副研究员,博士,研究方向为土壤保育与非耕地利用。E-mail: dx0928@foxmail.com
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(320RC695);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630042017005);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630042017006);南峰专项(NFZX-2021)

Improvement Effect of Coconut-shell Biochar on Coastal Soil in Hainan

DENG Xiao¹^,²^,³(), WU Chunyuan¹^,², YANG Guisheng¹^,², LI Yi¹^,², LI Qinfen¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, P. R. China
2. National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou 571737, P. R. China
3. Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-14 Online:2022-04-18 Published:2022-06-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用椰壳生物炭为改良材料,海南滨海盐渍土壤为改良对象,设置5种不同椰壳生物炭与滨海土壤体积比处理,分别为0?20、1?20、2?20、3?20和4?20,采用盆栽试验种植空心菜（Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal）,研究椰壳生物炭不同施用量对滨海土壤的改良效果。结果表明,（1）添加1?20—4?20椰壳生物炭后,土壤pH得到明显改善,由酸性变为中性;土壤有机质、全N、有效P和速效K含量得到显著提高,分别提高了42.4%—153%、32.1%—36.7%、35.0%—44.6%和70.0%—220%（P <0.01）;空心菜的生长得到明显促进,平均每株叶片数、单株鲜重和地下部根重分别增加19.7%—29.6%、43.2%—59.7%和81.3%—119%（P<0.05）。（2）添加2?20—4?20椰壳生物炭后,土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著提高21.3%—71.1%（P<0.01）;土壤盐度显著下降6.83%—14.9%（P<0.05）。（3）添加1?20—3?20椰壳生物炭提高了土壤细菌多样性和丰富度并优化了细菌群落结构,ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数分别提高了6.50%—14.4%、3.50%—11.9% 和3.34%—3.56%;与碳氮循环能力相关的芽单胞菌科（Gemmatimonadaceae）和亚硝化单胞菌科（Nitrosomonadaceae）的丰度分别提高了44.3%—67.2%和229%—243%。（4）RDA冗余分析结果表明,椰壳生物炭能通过提高土壤养分含量、优化微生物群落结构、提高细菌多样性和过氧化氢酶活性来降低土壤盐度。综上,添加体积比为2?20—3?20的椰壳生物炭可显著降低滨海土壤盐分、改善土壤pH、提高土壤养分含量、增强土壤酶活性和提高微生物多样性并优化其群落结构,更有利于作物的生长。

关键词: 椰壳生物炭, 滨海土壤, 盐分, 养分, 酶活性, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

The coconut-shell biochar and coastal saline soil were used as soil conditioner and the improved object, respectively. The pot experiment of planting Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal was used to investigate the improvement effects of different application rates of coconut-shell biochar on coastal soil in Hainan. Five treatments were set up according to the five volume ratios of the coconut-shell biochar to coastal saline soil: 0?20, 1?20, 2?20, 3?20, and 4?20. The results were as follows: (1) The pH valve, nutrient contents, and the growth of Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal had been significantly improved after adding the coconut-shell biochar of 1?20?4?20 in the coastal soil. The soil pH value was changed from acidity to neutral. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphate, and potassium were increased by 42.4%?153%, 32.1%?36.7%, 35.0%?44.6% and 70.0%?220%, respectively (P<0.01). And the average numbers of leaves, fresh, and underground weight per plant were increased by 19.7%?29.6%,43.2%?59.7% and 81.3%?119%, respectively (P<0.05). (2) The catalase activities were significantly increased by 21.3%?71.1% (P<0.01). However, the salinities were significantly decreased by 6.83%?14.9% (P<0.05) after adding the coconut-shell biochar of 2?20?4?20 in the coastal soil. (3) The diversity and richness of soil bacteria were increased and the bacterial community structure was optimized after adding the coconut-shell biochar of 1?20?3?20 in the coastal soil. The indices of ACE, Chao1, and Shannon were increased by 6.50%?14.4%, 3.50%?11.9%, and 3.34%?3.56%, respectively. And the abundance of Gemmatimonadaceae and Nitrosomonadaceae, which was related to the cycling ability of carbon and nitrogen, was increased by 44.3%?67.2% and 229%?243%, respectively. (4) The results of the RDA analysis showed that coconut-shell biochar could reduce soil salinity by increasing nutrient contents, bacterial diversity, and catalase activities in coastal soil. In conclusion, adding the coconut-shell biochar of 2?20?3?20 in coastal soil could significantly reduce soil salinity, improve the pH value, increase the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphate, and potassium, enhance the diversity of bacterial community, and optimize its community structure, making it more conducive for the growth of crops.

Key words: coconut-shell biochar, coastal soil, salinity, nutrient content, enzyme activity, microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S156.42
X144

邓晓, 武春媛, 杨桂生, 李怡, 李勤奋. 椰壳生物炭对海南滨海土壤的改良效果[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(4): 723-731.

DENG Xiao, WU Chunyuan, YANG Guisheng, LI Yi, LI Qinfen. Improvement Effect of Coconut-shell Biochar on Coastal Soil in Hainan[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(4): 723-731.

图/表 8

表1 椰壳生物炭对空心菜生长的影响

Table 1 Effects of coconut shell biochar on growth of water spinach

处理 Treatments	叶片数 Leaf number	单株鲜重 Fresh weight per plant/ (g∙plant^-1)	单株根重Underground weight/ (g∙plant^-1)
0꞉20 1꞉20 2꞉20 3꞉20 4꞉20	7.10±0.31cB 8.50±0.22bA 8.60±0.20abA 8.90±0.41abA 9.20±0.23abA	1.60±0.12bB 2.52±0.49aAB 2.66±0.23aAB 2.81±0.24aA 2.71±0.44aA	0.16±0.02cC 0.29±0.08bB 0.33±0.01aA 0.35±0.03aA 0.34±0.03aA

图1 椰壳生物炭对滨海土壤pH和盐分的影响（1）图中不同处理间的不同小写和大写字母分别表示对应数值在P<0.05和P<0.01水平上存在显著性差异,下同;（2）0?20、1?20、2?20、3?20和4?20分别表示椰壳生物炭与滨海盐渍土壤的体积比。下同

Figure 1 Effects of the coconut-shell biochar on pH and salinity in coastal soil (1) Different lowercase and uppercase letters in the figure represent significant differences of P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively, the same below. (2) 0?20, 1?20, 2?20, 3?20 and 4?20 respectively represent the volume ratio of coconut-shell biochar and coastal soil. The same below

图2 椰壳生物炭对滨海土壤有机质及养分的影响

Figure 2 Effects of the coconut-shell biochar on contents of organic matter and nutrients in coastal soil

图3 椰壳生物炭对滨海土壤酶活性的影响

Figure 3 Effects of the coconut-shell biochar on enzyme activities in coastal soil

表2 椰壳生物炭对滨海土壤细菌Alpha多样性指数的影响

Table 2 Effects of the coconut-shell biochar on bacterial Alpha diversity indices in coastal soil

处理 Treatment	ACE	Chao1	Shannon
0꞉20 1꞉20 2꞉20 3꞉20 4꞉20	1335.5 1422.3 1453.5 1528.2 1440.0	1386.2 1434.7 1472.6 1550.5 1451.0	8.566 8.871 8.740 8.852 8.599

图4 门水平上的细菌相对丰度聚类树（非加权距离法）图中CK2,C12,C22,C32和C42分别表示椰壳生物炭与滨海土壤体积比为0?20,1?20,2?20,3?20 和 4?20的处理收获空心菜后的土壤样品。下同

Figure 4 Cluster tree of relative abundance of bacteria at phylum level (unweighted distance method) CK2, C12, C22, C32 and C42 in the figure represent the soil samples of water spinach harvest treated with coconut-shell biochar and coastal soil volume ratios of 0:20, 1:20, 2:20, 3:20 and 4:20, respectively. The same below

图5 科水平上的细菌物种丰度热图（TOP15）

Figure 5 Heatmap of bacterial species abundance at the family level

图6 土壤细菌群落结构与环境因子的RDA分析图中Salt、SOM、TN、AP、AK、S-UE、S-ACP和S-CAT分别表示土壤盐分、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶

Figure 6 RDA analysis between soil bacterial community and environmental factors Salt, SOM, TN, AP, AK, S-UE, S-ACP and S-CAT in the figure represent soil salinity, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil urease, acid phosphatase and catalase, respectively

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椰壳生物炭对海南滨海土壤的改良效果

Improvement Effect of Coconut-shell Biochar on Coastal Soil in Hainan

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