生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 497-503.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.008

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物有机肥对土壤质量及蔬菜产量的影响

梁嘉伟(), 余炜敏(), 姚钰玲, 胡绮琪, 陆丹绵, 王荣萍**(), 廖新荣, 黄赛花   

  1. 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所/华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广东 广州 510650
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-09 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-05-25
  • 通讯作者: **王荣萍（1976年生）,女,副研究员,博士,研究方向为土壤与植物营养。E-mail: rpwang@soil.gd.cn
  • 作者简介:梁嘉伟（1991年生）,男,助理工程师,研究方向为土壤与植物营养。E-mail: jwliang@soil.gd.cn;
    余炜敏（1974年生）,男,高级工程师,研究方向为土壤学。E-mail: wmyu@soil.gd.cn第一联系人： 共同第一作者,对论文有同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202010005);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(2021KJ112);清远市科技计划项目(2020KJJH012)

Effects of a Bio-organic Fertilizer on Soil Quality and Vegetable Yield

LIANG Jiawei(), YU Weimin(), YAO Yuling, HU Qiqi, LU Danmian, WANG Rongping**(), LIAO Xinrong, HUANG Saihua   

  1. National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China/ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management/ Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
  • Received:2020-04-09 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2022-05-25

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摘要：

为了探讨生物有机肥对菜地土壤质量及蔬菜产量的影响,采用田间小区试验,以华南地区代表性瓜类蔬菜白瓜（Cucurbita pepo L.）为试验作物,配施生物有机肥研究了白瓜不同生育期土壤肥力、酶活性、微生物生物量及产量。结果表明,（1）施用生物有机肥能够提高土壤的pH值、碱解氮、速效钾和有效磷的含量。在白瓜清藤期,配施生物有机肥的土壤其pH值、碱解氮、速效钾和有效磷的含量均比农户习惯施肥和无机肥处理均增加10%以上。（2）施用生物有机肥对土壤的酶活性和微生物生物量的含量影响不同。在白瓜苗期,生物有机肥可提高土壤微生物生物量碳含量,与农户习惯施肥和无机肥处理相比分别增加了67.0%和91.8%;在白瓜伸蔓期,生物有机肥可提高微生物量碳含量、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,与农户习惯施肥和无机肥处理相比分别增加了11.8%—33.2%和13.1%—37.4%;在白瓜盛瓜期,生物有机肥可提高微生物生物量碳含量、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,与农户习惯施肥和无机肥处理相比,分别增加了12.1%—22.7%和19.3%—28.4%;在白瓜清藤期,生物有机肥可增强过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,与农户习惯施肥和无机肥处理相比,分别增加了8.02%—33.5%和20.1%—27.7%。因此,配施生物有机肥对白瓜不同生育期的微生物活性影响不同。（3）生物有机肥对白瓜的增产作用发生在盛瓜期前期,对盛瓜期后期影响很小。综上所述,生物有机肥可提高土壤肥力,增强微生物生物量和酶活性,改良土壤环境,提高白瓜产量。

关键词: 生物有机肥, 土壤肥力, 微生物生物量, 酶活性

Abstract:

In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a bio-organic fertilizer on squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) yield and soil quality. Three treatments with different fertilizer applications were set up: bio-organic fertilizer (BOF), local fertilization practice (LFP), and inorganic fertilizers (IOF). Soil fertility, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were monitored at different growth stages of squash. The results showed that (1) at the mature stage, BOF increased soil pH, bioavailable N, P, and K by 16.9%, 64.4%, 88.2%, and 9.82%, respectively, compared with LFP, and by 6.39%, 15.4%, 44.0%, and 9.82%, respectively, compared with IOF. (2) At the seedling stage, BOF increased soil MBC by 67.0% and 91.8%, respectively, compared with LFP and IOF. At the vine elongation stage, BOF increased MBC, sucrase activities, and acid phosphatase activities by 11.8%-33.2% and 13.1%-37.4%, respectively, compared with LFP and IOF. At the fruiting stage, BOF increased MBC, catalase activities, and acid phosphatase activities by 12.1%-22.7% and 19.3%-28.4%, respectively, compared with LFP and IOF. At the mature stage, BOF increased catalase and acid phosphatase activities by 8.02%-33.5% and 20.1%-27.7%, respectively, compared with LFP and IOF. Therefore, the bio-organic fertilizer had different effects on soil microbial activities at different growth stages of squash. (3) The yield-increasing effect of BOF was significant at the early fruiting stage but insignificant at the late fruiting stage of squash. In conclusion, the bio-organic fertilizer is beneficial for squash production.

Key words: Bio-organic fertilizer, soil fertility, microbial biomass, enzyme activities

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