3种有机改良剂对铅锌矿尾砂适生性改善的研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.04.016

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 784-793.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.04.016

3种有机改良剂对铅锌矿尾砂适生性改善的研究

代德敏¹(), 蒋旭升¹, 刘杰¹^,²^,^*(), 王路洋¹, 陈诗奇¹, 韩庆坤¹

1.桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室，广西桂林 541004
2.自然资源部南方石山地区矿山地质环境修复工程技术创新中心，广西南宁 530022

收稿日期:2022-08-22 出版日期:2023-04-18 发布日期:2023-07-12
通讯作者: *刘杰，E-email: liujie@glut.edu.cn
作者简介:代德敏（1996年生），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为矿山环境生态恢复。E-email: 2120200428@glut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32271700);国家自然科学基金项目(52230006);广西自然科学基金重点项目(2020GXNSFDA297018)

Study on Suitability of Pb/Zn Mine Tailings Using Three Different Organic Amendments

DAI Demin¹(), JIANG Xusheng¹, LIU Jie¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Luyang¹, CHEN Shiqi¹, HAN Qingkun¹

1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
2. Technical Innovation Center of Mine Geological Environmental Restoration Engineering in Southern Karst Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanning 530022, P. R. China

Received:2022-08-22 Online:2023-04-18 Published:2023-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铅锌矿尾砂由于肥力低、物理结构差且重金属镉（Cd）铅（Pb）锌（Zn）浓度高，植物难以生长，从而严重制约了尾砂库的生态恢复。利用改良剂改善尾砂的适生性是尾砂库生态恢复的重要方法。通过基质改良试验探究添加不同质量分数（1%、2.5%、5%）的发酵羊粪、污泥和椰壳生物炭对铅锌矿尾砂养分、物理结构的改良效果和对重金属镉铅锌的固定效果，再通过黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）盆栽试验验证对适生性的改善效果。结果表明，添加改良剂使有效态氮、磷、钾以及有机质分别提高了0.87－9.56、1.87－37.7、1.87－43.7和0.85－7.28倍。添加质量分数为2.5%时，3种改良剂对尾砂的导水性、总孔隙度和持水性的积极影响最为显著，表现为发酵羊粪>生物炭>污泥。此外，3种改良剂显著（P<0.05）降低有效态重金属质量分数，Cd、Pb、Zn分别降低了28.6%－64.6%、30.4%－70.6%、14.4%－45.5%。其中，椰壳生物炭对3种重金属的固定效果最好。添加改良剂显著提高了黑麦草的发芽率、总高度和总干质量分别提高了16.1%－20.3%、10.8%－48.9%和7.55%－19.5%，其中发酵羊粪效果最好。因此，发酵羊粪、污泥和椰壳生物炭可作为改良剂改善铅锌矿尾砂的适生性并促进植物生长。Pearson相关性分析表明，植物地上部分干质量和株高与阳离子交换量和速效钾呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关，与饱和导水率和有效态重金属呈极显著（P<0.01）负相关。植物根干质量和根长均与饱和含水量呈显著正相关，而与1－2 mm的粒径呈显著负相关。该文可为养分贫瘠、物理结构差和高重金属污染尾砂库的植被恢复提供理论依据。

关键词: 铅锌尾砂, 基质改良, 有机改良剂, 养分, 物理性质

Abstract:

Ecological restoration is difficult to construct in the Pb/Zn tailings due to the low nutrient concentrations, poor physical structure and high heavy metal (cadmium, Cd; lead, Pb; zinc, Zn) concentrations. Amendments are used to improve the suitability of the tailings, which is an important method for the ecological restoration of tailings ponds. In this experiment, fermented sheep manure, sludge and coconut shell biochar with different mass fractions (1%, 2.5%, 5%) were used to investigate the effects of fertility and physical structure and heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Zn) bioavailability of Pb/Zn mine tailings and then the improvement effects were verified by pot experiment of ryegrass. The results showed that the available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter increased by 0.87?9.56 times, 1.87?37.7 times, 1.87?43.7 times and 0.85?7.28 times, respectively. The most significant effects on hydraulic conductivity, total porosity and water retention of tailing sand were observed at the addition rate of 2.5% and showed that fermented sheep manure>biochar>sludge. Furthermore, bioavailability of heavy metals was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by 28.6%?64.6% (Cd), 30.4%?70.6% (Pb), and 14.4%?45.5% (Zn), and coconut shell biochar had the most significant effect. Ryegrass’s germination, height and total dry mass had been increased by 16.1%?20.3%, 10.8%?48.9% and 7.55%?19.5%, respectively, and fermented sheep manure is the best. Thus, fermented sheep manure, sludge and coconut shell biochar could be used as amendments to improve the suitability of Pb/Zn tailings and promote plant growth. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that aboveground dry mass and height were highly significantly (P<0.01) and positively correlated with cation exchange capacity and available potassium, but significant (P<0.01) negative correlations were observed with saturated hydraulic conductivity and available state heavy metal. Plant root dry mass and root length were observed to be significantly and positively correlated with saturated water content; in contrast, they were significantly and negatively correlated with the percentage of grain size (1?2 mm). This work can provide a theoretical basis for substrate improvement and revegetation of tailings pond with low nutrients, poor physical structure and high heavy metal pollution.

Key words: Pb/Zn tailings, amelioration, organic amendments, nutrients, physical properties

中图分类号:

代德敏, 蒋旭升, 刘杰, 王路洋, 陈诗奇, 韩庆坤. 3种有机改良剂对铅锌矿尾砂适生性改善的研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(4): 784-793.

DAI Demin, JIANG Xusheng, LIU Jie, WANG Luyang, CHEN Shiqi, HAN Qingkun. Study on Suitability of Pb/Zn Mine Tailings Using Three Different Organic Amendments[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(4): 784-793.

图/表 6

表1 所用试验材料的基本性质

Table 1 Basic properties of the test materials

参数	铅锌尾砂	发酵羊粪	污泥	生物炭
pH	7.50	7.28	7.81	7.90
电导率/(mS∙cm⁻¹)	0.06	5.29	2.89	2.90
w_(有效磷)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	1.20	187	132	348
w_(速效钾)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	2.78	2280	556	2512
w_(总氮)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	0.40	6.10	39.3	3.60
w_(总碳)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	22.1	369	219	754
w_(总镉)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	18.8	0.43	0.35	ND
w_(总铅)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	3425	43.8	53.1	20.6
w_(总锌)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	3400	368	964	33.7

图1 添加不同改良剂对尾砂化学性质的影响 (a) pH vs.改良剂;(b）CEC vs.改良剂; (c)有效氮质量分数vs.改良剂; (d)有机质质量分数vs.改良剂; (e)速效钾质量分数vs.改良剂;(f)有效磷质量分数vs.改良剂 CK表示未添加改良剂的尾砂。M、S和B分别表示添加发酵羊粪、污泥和生物炭，1、2和3分别表示改良剂添加质量分数为1%、2.5%和5%。例如，S2表示添加2.5%的污泥的尾砂样品。不同小写字母表示不同处理样品数值间存在统计学上的显著差异(Duncan，P<0.05，n=3 )

Figure 1 Effect of different amendments on chemical properties of tailing sand

图2 添加不同改良剂对尾砂物理性质的影响（a）粒径占比vs.改良剂；（b）饱和导水率vs.改良剂；（c）总孔隙度vs.改良剂；（d）饱和含水量vs.改良剂

Figure 2 Effect of different amendments on the physical properties of tailing sand

图3 添加不同改良剂对尾砂DTPA提取态重金属质量分数的影响

Figure 3 Effect of different amendments on the mass fraction of DTPA-extractable heavy metals in tailing sand

图4 添加不同改良剂对尾砂基质上黑麦草生长的影响 CK表示未添加改良剂的尾砂。M、S和B分别表示添加2.5%发酵羊粪、2.5%污泥和2.5%的生物炭尾砂样品。不同小写字母表示不同处理样品数值间存在统计学上的显著差异（Duncan，P<0.05，n=3）

Figure 4 Effect of different amendments for ryegrass growth on tailing sand substrates

图5 改良尾砂理化指标与植物参数相关性分析 *表示P<0.05，**表示P<0.01；色柱颜色深浅表示相关性强弱，蓝色表示负相关，红色表示正相关

Figure 5 Correlation analysis of physical and chemical indicators of tailing sand with plant parameters

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3种有机改良剂对铅锌矿尾砂适生性改善的研究

Study on Suitability of Pb/Zn Mine Tailings Using Three Different Organic Amendments

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