施用有机-无机改良剂对锡尾矿化学属性的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.015

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 2244-2250.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.015

施用有机-无机改良剂对锡尾矿化学属性的影响

吴慧¹(), 吴程龙¹, 张仕颖¹^,², 夏运生¹^,²^,^*(), 张乃明¹^,², 普绍才¹

1.云南农业大学,云南昆明 650201
2.云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程实验室,云南昆明 650201

收稿日期:2021-04-29 出版日期:2021-11-18 发布日期:2021-12-29
通讯作者: * 夏运生,教授,E-mail: yshengxia@163.com
作者简介:吴慧（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生。E-mail: 1364765752@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1802603)

Effects of Applying Organic-inorganic Modifiers on the Chemical Properties of Tin Tailings

WU Hui¹(), WU Chenglong¹, ZHANG Shiying¹^,², XIA Yunsheng¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Naiming¹^,², PU Shaocai¹

1. Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
2. Yunnan Engineering Laboratory of Soil Fertility and Pollution Remediation, Kunming 650201, China

Received:2021-04-29 Online:2021-11-18 Published:2021-12-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究有机-无机改良剂配施对锡尾矿的改良效果,采用室内培养试验,设置添加米糠（RB）5%、蘑菇渣（MR）5%、不同水平的钙镁磷肥[0% (P0)、1% (P1)、2% (P2)] 3种改良剂,研究不同改良剂组合处理对锡尾矿pH值、有机质、速效养分、重金属含量及优势改良剂组合对黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）生长的影响。结果表明,添加改良剂的锡尾矿pH、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量均显著增加。其中,MR+P2处理下pH、速效磷和速效钾含量最高,增幅分别为123.7%、4837%和136%;RB+P2处理下碱解氮和有机质含量最高,增幅分别为2425%和752%。锡尾矿中Cu、Pb、Cd、As均超过土壤环境质量标准（GB 15618—1995）,Cu、Cd、As含量超过三级标准,Pb含量超过一级标准。施入改良剂均显著降低有效态Cu、Pb、Cd、As含量,降幅分别为36.6%—64.6%、63.2%—82.5%、67.2%—70.3%、21.3%—66%,MR+P2对重金属有效态含量影响最明显。添加优势改良剂组合均显著增加黑麦草生物量。综上,米糠、蘑菇渣、钙镁磷肥协同配施均有助于锡尾矿基质的改良,MR+P2处理尾矿改良效果较好、植物生物量大。本研究结果可为酸性尾矿基质改良及先锋草本植物修复提供技术参考。

关键词: 改良剂, 基质改良, 筛选, 植物, 锡尾矿, 肥力, 重金属含量

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of organic-inorganic modifiers on the improvement of tin tailings matrix, indoor greenhouse experiments were used to set up rice bran (RB) 5%, mushroom residue (MR)5%, and different levels of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer [0% (P0), 1 % (P1), 2% (P2)] 3 kinds of modifiers, to study the effects of different modifier combinations on tin tailings pH, organic matter, available nutrients, heavy metal contention and superior modifier combinations on the growth of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The results showed that the pH, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter contention in the tin tailings matrix with the added modifier increased significantly. Among them, the contention of pH, available phosphorus and available potassium were the highest under the MR+P2 treatment, with an increase of 123.7%, 4837% and 136%; the contention of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter was the highest under RB+P2 treatment, increasing by 2425% and 752%. The contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, and As in tin tailings all exceed the soil environmental quality standards (GB 15618—1995), the content of Cu, Cd, and As exceeds the third-level standards, and the content of Pb exceeds the first-level standards. The application of modifiers significantly reduced the content of available Cu, Pb, Cd, and As by 36.6%?64.6%, 63.2%?82.5%, 67.2%?70.3%, 21.3%?66%, MR+P2 had the most obvious effect on the effective state contention of heavy metals. Adding the combination of superior modifiers all significantly increased the biomass of ryegrass. In summary, the coordinated application of rice bran, mushroom residue, and calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizers all contribute to the improvement of tin tailings substrate. Among them, MR+P2 treatment has better tailings improvement effect and large plant biomass. The results of this study can provide technical reference for the improvement of acidic tailings substrate and the restoration of pioneer herb plants.

Key words: modifier, matrix improvement, filter, plant, tin tailings, fertility, heavy metal contention

中图分类号:

吴慧, 吴程龙, 张仕颖, 夏运生, 张乃明, 普绍才. 施用有机-无机改良剂对锡尾矿化学属性的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(11): 2244-2250.

WU Hui, WU Chenglong, ZHANG Shiying, XIA Yunsheng, ZHANG Naiming, PU Shaocai. Effects of Applying Organic-inorganic Modifiers on the Chemical Properties of Tin Tailings[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(11): 2244-2250.

图/表 9

表1 供试尾矿重金属质量分数

Table 1 Mass fraction of heavy metals in test tailings

重金属形态 Heavy metal speciation	Cu	Ni	Pb	Cd	As
全量 Total amount/(mg∙kg^-1)	514	0.50	163	1.5	36.1
有效态 Effective state/(mg∙kg^-1)	17.09	0.33	1.66	0.64	0.47

表2 供试改良剂酸碱度、养分状况

Table 2 Table 2 pH value and contents of the tested amendments

改良剂Improver	pH	w_(OM)/ %	w_(TN)/ (g∙kg^-1）	w_(TP)/ (g∙kg^-1）	w_(TK)/ (g∙kg^-1）
米糠 Rice bran	5.8	52.1	22.6	10.6	15.2
蘑菇渣 Mmushroom residue	8.5	32.4	12.1	15.3	18.9
钙镁磷肥 Calcium magnesium phosphate	8.6	—	—	66.5	—

表3 供试改良剂重金属含量状况

Table 3 Heavy metal contents of the tested amendments

改良剂 Improver	w/(mg∙kg^-1)
改良剂 Improver	Cu	Ni	Pb	Cd	As
米糠 Rice bran	27.7	4.5	6.1	0.15	0.62
蘑菇渣 Mushroom residue	49	24	25.6	0.29	1.63
钙镁磷肥 Calcium magnesium phosphate	22.5	16	23.3	0.14	9.47

表4 锡尾矿重金属全量质量分数

Table 4 Total content of heavy metals in tin tailings

指标 Index	w/(mg∙kg^-1)
指标 Index	Cu	Cd	Ni	Pb	As
全量 Total amount	514	1.5	0.5	163	36.1
GB I	35	0.2	40	35	15
GB II	50	0.3	40	250	20
GB III	400	1	200	500	30

图1 施用不同改良剂对锡尾矿酸碱度的影响图中标注的不同字母表示存在显著差异性（P<0.05）,CK：不添加改良剂;RB+P0：5%米糠+0%钙镁磷肥;RB+P1：5%米糠+1%钙镁磷肥;RB+P2：5%米糠+2%钙镁磷肥;MR+P0：5%蘑菇渣+0%钙镁磷肥;MR+P1：5%蘑菇渣+1%钙镁磷肥;MR+P2：5%蘑菇渣+2%钙镁磷肥,下同

Fig. 1 pH values of different treatments The different letters marked in the figure indicate significant differences (P<0.05), CK: no improver; RB+P0: 5% rice bran +0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; RB+P1: 5% rice bran+1% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; RB+P2: 5% rice bran+2% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; MR+P0: 5% mushroom residue+0% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; MR+P1: 5% mushroom residue+1% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; MR+P2: 5% mushroom residue+2% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the same below

图2 施用不同改良剂对锡尾矿有机质含量的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of each treatment on organic matter of tin tailings

图3 施用不同改良剂对锡尾矿速效养分含量的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of each treatment on available nutrients of tin tailings

表5 施用不同改良处理对锡尾矿重金属含量的影响

Table 5 Heavy metal contention in tin tailings of different treatments

改良剂处理 Improver treatment	w/(mg∙kg^-1)
改良剂处理 Improver treatment	HCl-Cu	HCl-Ni	DTPA-Pb	DTPA-Cd	NaH₂PO₃^-As
CK	17.09±0.12a	0.33±0.03e	1.66±0.06a	0.64±0.04a	0.47±0.02a
RB+P0	10.83±0.04b	0.38±0.03de	0.61±0.01b	0.20±0.02b	0.37±0.01b
RB+P1	10.22±0.15bc	0.59±0.03ab	0.53±0.02c	0.20±0.01b	0.26±0.01c
RB+P2	9.86±0.09c	0.62±0.02a	0.36±0.02de	0.20±0.02b	0.18±0.00d
MR+P0	7.03±0.58d	0.45±0.03cd	0.42±0.02d	0.21±0.02b	0.36±0.01b
MR+P1	6.02±0.07e	0.48±0.02c	0.35±0.02de	0.19±0.01b	0.25±0.00c
MR+P2	6.05±0.09e	0.52±0.02bc	0.29±0.01e	0.19±0.01b	0.16±0.01d
有机改良剂 Organic modifier	***	**	***	***	***
钙镁磷肥 Calcium magnesium phosphate	***	***	***	***	***
有机改良剂×钙镁磷肥 Organic modifier×calcium magnesium phosphate	NS	**	NS	NS	NS

图4 优势改良剂组合对黑麦草生物量的影响

Fig. 4 Eeffect of different treatments on ryegrass

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施用有机-无机改良剂对锡尾矿化学属性的影响

Effects of Applying Organic-inorganic Modifiers on the Chemical Properties of Tin Tailings

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