生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 1783-1793.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.008
肖以华1(), 付志高1, 许涵1, 史欣1, 唐海明2, 陈步峰1
收稿日期:
2022-05-22
出版日期:
2022-09-18
发布日期:
2022-11-07
作者简介:
肖以华(1976年生),男,副研究员,主要从事城市森林生态效益监测研究等。E-mail: jxxiaoyihua@126.com
基金资助:
XIAO Yihua1(), FU Zhigao1, XU Han1, SHI Xin1, TANG Haiming2, CHEN Bufeng1
Received:
2022-05-22
Online:
2022-09-18
Published:
2022-11-07
摘要:
为探讨植物叶片功能性状对城市化的响应与适应机制,以珠江三角洲城乡梯度上天然阔叶林共有优势种为研究对象,分别测定了乔木、灌木和草本3个功能群植物的11项叶片功能性状,包括叶厚度(LT)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶组织密度(LTD)、干物质含量(LDMC)、叶氮含量(LNC)、叶磷含量(LPC)、叶氮磷比(N:P)、最大光合速率(Amax)、叶绿素含量(CHL)、光合磷利用效率(PPUE)和光合氮利用效率(PNUE)。结果表明,(1)在城市化影响下,城区乔木植物的LT、LTD和LDMC都显著高于近郊和远郊(P<0.05),CHL、SLA、Amax、PPUE和PNUE在城市区显著低于近郊与远郊区(P<0.05)。城区灌木和草本的LT和LDMC显著低于近郊和远郊区域,CHL、SLA、Amax、PPUE和PNUE在城区显著更高(P<0.05);城市化对灌木的LTD影响显著(P<0.05),对草本植物LTD无明显影响。(2)城市区域的3个功能群植物LNC均显著高于城市化程度低的区域(P<0.05);城市化对木本植物(乔木和灌木)的LPC无显著影响,城区草本植物的LPC显著高于城市化低的区域(P<0.05);所有植物叶片N:P大于19并随城市化程度升高而增大,城市化加剧了磷对植物的限制。(3)叶性状之间普遍存在显著相关性,CHL和LT呈显著负相关,与Amax和PNUE呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05);LT、LTD和LDMC相互间呈现显著的正相关关系(P <0.05);SLA与Amax、PNUE和LNC呈显著的正相关(P<0.05);但不同功能群植物叶功能性状间的相关性对城市化响应有差异。(4)城市化促使灌木和草本植物趋向于比叶面积更大、更薄和光合速率更大的“快速投资-收益型”生长策略,乔木植物对城市化伴随的环境胁迫响应则偏向叶片增厚、光合速率更小的“缓慢投资-收益型”生长策略。当城市化环境改变时,植物会改变生存策略和重新分配资源,保证群落的相对位置和群落整体结构的稳定性。上述研究结果对城市森林经营与管理具有一定的实践指导意义。
中图分类号:
肖以华, 付志高, 许涵, 史欣, 唐海明, 陈步峰. 城市化对珠江三角洲不同功能群植物叶片功能性状的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1783-1793.
XIAO Yihua, FU Zhigao, XU Han, SHI Xin, TANG Haiming, CHEN Bufeng. Effects of Urbanization on Leaf Functional Traits of Different Functional Groups in Pearl River Delta[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1783-1793.
研究区名称 Site | 郁闭度 Canopy density | 平均林龄 Averageage/ a | 平均胸径 Averge diameter at breast height/cm | 平均树高Averge height/ m | 林分密度 Stand density/ (plant·hm-2) | 坡度 Slope | 经度和纬度 Longitude and latitude | 海拔 Elevation/ m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
广州帽峰山森林公园 Guangzhou Maofengshan forest park | 0.78 | 80 | 22.1 | 12.6 | 3325 | 23 | 113°28′22″E, 23°17′32″N | 153 |
从化流溪河森林公园 Conghua Maofengshan forest park | 0.85 | 85 | 24.3 | 13.5 | 3000 | 25 | 113°48′31″E, 23°44′4″N | 390 |
新丰云髻山自然保护区 Xinfeng Yunjishan Nature Reserve | 0.8 | 85 | 22.9 | 13.2 | 3100 | 28 | 114°9′42″E, 24°5′16″N | 378 |
表1 城乡梯度研究样地与林分概况
Table 1 Characteristics of forests site and stand structure along urban-rural gradient
研究区名称 Site | 郁闭度 Canopy density | 平均林龄 Averageage/ a | 平均胸径 Averge diameter at breast height/cm | 平均树高Averge height/ m | 林分密度 Stand density/ (plant·hm-2) | 坡度 Slope | 经度和纬度 Longitude and latitude | 海拔 Elevation/ m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
广州帽峰山森林公园 Guangzhou Maofengshan forest park | 0.78 | 80 | 22.1 | 12.6 | 3325 | 23 | 113°28′22″E, 23°17′32″N | 153 |
从化流溪河森林公园 Conghua Maofengshan forest park | 0.85 | 85 | 24.3 | 13.5 | 3000 | 25 | 113°48′31″E, 23°44′4″N | 390 |
新丰云髻山自然保护区 Xinfeng Yunjishan Nature Reserve | 0.8 | 85 | 22.9 | 13.2 | 3100 | 28 | 114°9′42″E, 24°5′16″N | 378 |
功能群 Functional groups | 中文名 Chinese name | 拉丁名 Latin name |
---|---|---|
草本 Herb | 淡竹叶 | Lophatherum gracile |
金毛狗 | Cibotium barometz | |
华山姜 | Alpinia chinensis | |
乌毛蕨 | Blechnum orientale | |
灌木 Shrub | 罗伞树 | Ardisia quinquegona |
鼠刺 | Itea chinensis | |
九节 | Psychotria rubra | |
红鳞蒲桃 | Syzyglum hancei | |
秤星树 | Ilex asprella | |
乔木 Tree | 黄杞 | Engelhardtia roxburghiana |
枫香 | Liquidambar formosana | |
猴耳环 | Pithecellobium clypearia | |
黄樟 | Cinnamomum porrectum | |
华润楠 | Machilus chinensis | |
木荷 | Schima superba | |
锥 | Castanopsis chinensis | |
楝叶吴茱萸 | Evodia glabrifolia |
表2 城乡梯度不同植物功能群优势种概况
Table 2 Basic information of dominant species of different plant functional groups along urban-rural gradient
功能群 Functional groups | 中文名 Chinese name | 拉丁名 Latin name |
---|---|---|
草本 Herb | 淡竹叶 | Lophatherum gracile |
金毛狗 | Cibotium barometz | |
华山姜 | Alpinia chinensis | |
乌毛蕨 | Blechnum orientale | |
灌木 Shrub | 罗伞树 | Ardisia quinquegona |
鼠刺 | Itea chinensis | |
九节 | Psychotria rubra | |
红鳞蒲桃 | Syzyglum hancei | |
秤星树 | Ilex asprella | |
乔木 Tree | 黄杞 | Engelhardtia roxburghiana |
枫香 | Liquidambar formosana | |
猴耳环 | Pithecellobium clypearia | |
黄樟 | Cinnamomum porrectum | |
华润楠 | Machilus chinensis | |
木荷 | Schima superba | |
锥 | Castanopsis chinensis | |
楝叶吴茱萸 | Evodia glabrifolia |
图2 城市化对不同功能群植物叶磷含量、叶氮含量干物质含量和叶氮磷比的影响
Figure 2 Effects of urbanization on leaf phosphorus content, leaf nitrogen content, Leaf dry matter content and leaf N:P
图3 城市化对不同功能群植物单位面积最大净光合速率、叶绿素含量、光合磷利用效率及光合氮利用效率的影响
Figure 3 Effects of urbanization on Maximum photosynthetic rate, Chlorophyll content, Photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency, Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency
叶性状 Leaf traits | lgSLA | lgLT | lgLTD | lgLPC | lgLNC | lgLMDC | lgN:P | lgAmax | lgCHL | lgPNUE | lgPPUE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
lgSLA | 1 | ||||||||||
lgLT | -0.300* | 1 | |||||||||
lgLTD | -0.792** | 0.338** | 1 | ||||||||
lgLPC | 0.296* | -0.198** | -0.163** | 1 | |||||||
lgLNC | 0.285* | -0.123* | -0.200** | 0.620** | 1 | ||||||
lgLMDC | -0.398* | 0.100* | 0.324* | -0.026 | -0.045 | 1 | |||||
lgN:P | -0.019 | 0.09 | -0.039 | -0.252 | 0.419** | 0.101 | 1 | ||||
lgAmax | 0.464** | 0.004 | -0.108 | 0.104 | 0.316** | -0.154 | -0.710** | 1 | |||
lgCHL | -0.017 | 0.062 | 0.004 | -0.081 | 0.086 | -0.067 | -0.292* | -0.066 | 1 | ||
lgPNUE | 0.307* | -0.326** | -0.049 | -0.028 | 0.312** | -0.035 | 0.387** | 0.854** | 0.172 | 1 | |
lgPPUE | 0.019 | -0.042 | -0.068 | 0.222** | 0.110* | 0.088 | 0.379** | 0.062 | 0.013 | 0.344** | 1 |
表3 城乡梯度上叶性状Pearson相关分析
Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficients among leaf traits along urban-rural gradient
叶性状 Leaf traits | lgSLA | lgLT | lgLTD | lgLPC | lgLNC | lgLMDC | lgN:P | lgAmax | lgCHL | lgPNUE | lgPPUE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
lgSLA | 1 | ||||||||||
lgLT | -0.300* | 1 | |||||||||
lgLTD | -0.792** | 0.338** | 1 | ||||||||
lgLPC | 0.296* | -0.198** | -0.163** | 1 | |||||||
lgLNC | 0.285* | -0.123* | -0.200** | 0.620** | 1 | ||||||
lgLMDC | -0.398* | 0.100* | 0.324* | -0.026 | -0.045 | 1 | |||||
lgN:P | -0.019 | 0.09 | -0.039 | -0.252 | 0.419** | 0.101 | 1 | ||||
lgAmax | 0.464** | 0.004 | -0.108 | 0.104 | 0.316** | -0.154 | -0.710** | 1 | |||
lgCHL | -0.017 | 0.062 | 0.004 | -0.081 | 0.086 | -0.067 | -0.292* | -0.066 | 1 | ||
lgPNUE | 0.307* | -0.326** | -0.049 | -0.028 | 0.312** | -0.035 | 0.387** | 0.854** | 0.172 | 1 | |
lgPPUE | 0.019 | -0.042 | -0.068 | 0.222** | 0.110* | 0.088 | 0.379** | 0.062 | 0.013 | 0.344** | 1 |
图4 城市化对不同功能群比叶面积、叶氮磷比、光合氮利用效率、叶氮含量与最大光合速率关系的影响 SLA:比叶面积,N:P:氮磷比,PNUE:光合氮利用效率,LNC:叶氮含量,Amax:最大净光合速率,U:城区,S:郊区,R:远郊
Figure 4 Effects of urbanization on maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax) vs. specific leaf area, Amax vs. N:P, Amax vs. Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and Amax vs. leaf nitrogen content SLA: Specific leaf area, N:P: ratio of nitrogen and phosphate, PNUE: Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, LNC: Leaf nitrogen content, Amax: Maximum photosynthetic rate, U: Urban, S: Suburban, R: Rural
载荷 Loading | 比叶面积SLA | 叶厚度 LT | 叶组织密度LTD | 叶磷含量LPC | 叶氮含量LNC | 叶干物质含量LDMC | 叶氮磷比N:P | 单位面积最大光合速率Amax | 叶绿素含量CHL | 光合氮利用效率PNUE | 光合磷利用效率PPUE | 城市化Urbanization |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
主成分1 Principal component 1 | -0.86 | 0.83 | 0.74 | -0.25 | -0.88 | 0.52 | 0.29 | -0.47 | 0.54 | -0.19 | 0.23 | 0.18 |
主成分2 Principal component 2 | 0.29 | -0.13 | 0.21 | -0.47 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.36 | 0.82 | 0.37 | 0.84 | 0.34 | -0.49 |
表4 叶功能性状在主成分分析中的载荷
Table 4 Loadings of leaf functional traits in principal components analyses
载荷 Loading | 比叶面积SLA | 叶厚度 LT | 叶组织密度LTD | 叶磷含量LPC | 叶氮含量LNC | 叶干物质含量LDMC | 叶氮磷比N:P | 单位面积最大光合速率Amax | 叶绿素含量CHL | 光合氮利用效率PNUE | 光合磷利用效率PPUE | 城市化Urbanization |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
主成分1 Principal component 1 | -0.86 | 0.83 | 0.74 | -0.25 | -0.88 | 0.52 | 0.29 | -0.47 | 0.54 | -0.19 | 0.23 | 0.18 |
主成分2 Principal component 2 | 0.29 | -0.13 | 0.21 | -0.47 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.36 | 0.82 | 0.37 | 0.84 | 0.34 | -0.49 |
图5 城乡梯度植物的叶功能性状主成分分析结果 T:乔木;S:灌木;H:草本。u:城区;s:近郊;r:远郊
Figure 5 Results of principle component analyses (PCA) of leaf functional traits along urban-rural gradient T: tree; S: shrub; H: herb;u:urban, s: suburban, r: rural
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