黔西北黄杉群落物种多样性的海拔梯度格局

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1111-1120.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.001

所属专题：生物多样性专题汇编

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

黔西北黄杉群落物种多样性的海拔梯度格局

何斌(), 李青, 陈群利, 李望军, 游萍

贵州省普通高等学校生物资源开发与生态修复特色重点实验室/贵州工程应用技术学院生态工程学院,贵州毕节 551700

收稿日期:2020-12-30 出版日期:2021-06-18 发布日期:2021-09-10
作者简介:何斌（1980年生）,男,副教授,博士,主要从事森林生态学和植物生理生态学研究,E-mail: hebin23kewen@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41871031);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2018]1054);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合LH 字[2017]7003);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合LH 字[2017]7018);贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2017]050);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2017]291);毕节市科学技术项目(毕科合字[2019]3);贵州省重点学科“生态学”(ZDXK[2013]11)

Altitudinal Pattern of Species Diversity of Pseudotsuga sinensis Communty in Northwestern Guizhou, China

HE Bin(), LI Qing, CHEN Qunli, LI Wangjun, YOU Ping

The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Restoration of Typical Plateau Wetland in Guizhou Province/College of Ecological Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie City, Guizhou Province 551700, China

Received:2020-12-30 Online:2021-06-18 Published:2021-09-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究海拔高度对黄杉群落物种多样性的影响,为珍稀濒危植物黄杉的保育和喀斯特山地生物多样性的保护提供科学依据。采用样地法调查不同海拔梯度黄杉群落的物种组成,分析其区系特征,研究黄杉群落物种多样性的海拔梯度格局和维持机制。样地内共记录种子植物50科95属124种,群落内植物属的地理成分复杂、多样,具有明显的温带性质;随着海拔的增加,黄杉群落灌木层和草本层的物种丰富度指数S、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H、Simpson优势度指数D和Pielou均匀度指数J均呈单峰格局变化趋势,且在不同海拔上存在显著差异（P<0.05）,但灌木层物种的Pielou均匀度指数不显著（P≥0.05）;相邻海拔间的β多样性指数变化趋势不同,灌木层物种的Sørenson指数呈双峰曲线,草本层物种的Sørenson指数呈单峰曲线,灌木层和草本层的Cody指数均呈单峰曲线;随着海拔高差的增加,黄杉群落草本层物种的Sørenson指数逐渐减小,其它均无明显变化规律。整体来看,相对海拔导致的水热条件差异是影响喀斯特山地物种多样性垂直分布格局的主要因素,其中,中海拔地带黄杉群落的物种多样性最高,这对黄杉种质资源的保护和维持具有重要意义,同时对喀斯特山地植物群落的管理和生态系统稳定的维持也具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 海拔梯度, 黄杉群落, 物种组成, 植物区系, 物种多样性

Abstract:

In order to provide a scientific basis for the conservation of Pseudotsuga sinensis community and the protection of Karst mountain biodiversity, the effects of altitude on the species diversity of P. sinensis community were studied. The species composition of different altitudinal gradients of P. sinensis community and the floristic characteristics were analyzed using the sampling survey method, to explore the altitudinal gradient pattern and maintenance mechanism of the species diversity of the P. sinensis community. There were 124 species of seed plants belonging to 95 genera, 50 families in the sample plot. The geographical composition of plant genera in the community was complex and diverse, with obvious temperate properties. The species richness index, Shannon Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index of shrub layer and herb layer all showed a single peak curve. Furthermore, on the altitudinal gradient, they presented significant difference, but the Pielou evenness index of shrub layer was not significant (P<0.05). The variation trend of β diversity index between adjacent altitudes was different,with Sørenson index of the shrub layer species showed a double peak curve, whereas that of the herb layer species with a single peak curve, and the Cody index of the shrub layer and the herb layer both showed a single peak curve. With the increase of altitude difference, the Sørenson index of herbaceous layer species gradually decreased, while the other β diversity indexes of the shrub layer and the herb layer presented no obvious change rule. On the whole, the difference in water and heat conditions caused by relative altitude was the main factor affecting the vertical distribution pattern of species diversity in karst mountains areas. Among them, the species diversity under P. sinensis forests in the middle altitude zone was the highest, which was of great significance for the protection and maintenance of germplasm resources of P. sinensis, and also had important guiding significance for the management of plant communities and the maintenance of ecosystem in karst mountains areas.

Key words: altitudinal gradient, Pseudotsuga sinensis communty, species composition, flora, species diversity

中图分类号:

Q948
X17

何斌, 李青, 陈群利, 李望军, 游萍. 黔西北黄杉群落物种多样性的海拔梯度格局[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(6): 1111-1120.

HE Bin, LI Qing, CHEN Qunli, LI Wangjun, YOU Ping. Altitudinal Pattern of Species Diversity of Pseudotsuga sinensis Communty in Northwestern Guizhou, China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(6): 1111-1120.

图/表 10

参考文献 55

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海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度 Slope/ (°)	经纬度 Geographical coordinates	优势种 Dominant species
海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度 Slope/ (°)	经纬度 Geographical coordinates	乔木层 Arbor layer	灌木层 Shrub layer	草本层 Herb layer
1904	30	26°40′55″N—104°17′45″E	黄杉	荚蒾 (Viburnum dilatatum)、西南栒子、野花椒 (Zanthoxylum simulans)、薄叶鼠李 (Rhamnus leptophylla)	半夏 (Pinellia ternate)、茜草 (Rubia cordifolia)、画眉草 (Eragrostis pilosa)、一把伞南星 (Arisaema erubescens)、香茶菜 (Isodon amethystoides)
1943	22	26°40′51″N—104°12′11″E	黄杉	滇榛、荚蒾、金丝桃、截叶铁扫帚 (Lespedeza cuneate)、扁刺峨眉蔷薇 (Rosa omeiensis)、锦绣杜鹃(Rhododendron×pulchrum)	车前 (Plantago asiatica)、半夏、老鹳草 (Geranium wilfordii)、夏枯草 (Prunella vulgaris)、珠光香青 (Anaphalis margaritacea)、鸭子草 (Elsholtzia bodinieri)
2075	25	26°41′44″N—104°15′26″E	黄杉	滇榛、锦绣杜鹃、荚蒾、扁刺峨眉蔷薇、金丝桃、截叶铁扫帚、西南栒子	荩草 (Arthraxon hispidus)、翻白叶 (Potentilla griffithii)、车前、半夏、茜草、老鹳草、沿阶草 (Ophiopogon bodinieri)
2140	28	26°36′08″N—103°56′46″E	黄杉	矮杨梅 (Myrica nana)、扁刺峨眉蔷薇、滇榛、金丝桃、锦绣杜鹃、荚蒾、石栎 (Lithocarpus glaber)、西南栒子、截叶铁扫帚	半夏、车前、翻白叶、荩草、两头毛 (Incarvillea argute)、蛇莓 (Duchesnea indica)、老鹳草、灰苞蒿 (Artemisia roxburghiana)、积雪草 (Centella asiatica)、千里光 (Senecio scandens)、杏香兔儿风 (Ainsliaea fragrans)、鸭子草、银莲花 (Anemone cathayensis)、一把伞南星
2185	26	26°57′00″N—103°97′00″E	黄杉	荚蒾、锦绣杜鹃、金丝桃、矮杨梅、石栎、滇榛、扁刺峨眉蔷薇、西南栒子	荩草、两头毛、蛇莓、千里光、沿阶草、杏香兔儿风、积雪草、茜草、香薷
2214	21	26°32′26″N—103°55′28″E	黄杉	滇榛、荚蒾、锦绣杜鹃、扁刺峨眉蔷薇、金丝桃	两头毛、荩草、蛇莓、翻白叶

海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度 Slope/ (°)	经纬度 Geographical coordinates	优势种 Dominant species
海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度 Slope/ (°)	经纬度 Geographical coordinates	乔木层 Arbor layer	灌木层 Shrub layer	草本层 Herb layer
1904	30	26°40′55″N—104°17′45″E	黄杉	荚蒾 (Viburnum dilatatum)、西南栒子、野花椒 (Zanthoxylum simulans)、薄叶鼠李 (Rhamnus leptophylla)	半夏 (Pinellia ternate)、茜草 (Rubia cordifolia)、画眉草 (Eragrostis pilosa)、一把伞南星 (Arisaema erubescens)、香茶菜 (Isodon amethystoides)
1943	22	26°40′51″N—104°12′11″E	黄杉	滇榛、荚蒾、金丝桃、截叶铁扫帚 (Lespedeza cuneate)、扁刺峨眉蔷薇 (Rosa omeiensis)、锦绣杜鹃(Rhododendron×pulchrum)	车前 (Plantago asiatica)、半夏、老鹳草 (Geranium wilfordii)、夏枯草 (Prunella vulgaris)、珠光香青 (Anaphalis margaritacea)、鸭子草 (Elsholtzia bodinieri)
2075	25	26°41′44″N—104°15′26″E	黄杉	滇榛、锦绣杜鹃、荚蒾、扁刺峨眉蔷薇、金丝桃、截叶铁扫帚、西南栒子	荩草 (Arthraxon hispidus)、翻白叶 (Potentilla griffithii)、车前、半夏、茜草、老鹳草、沿阶草 (Ophiopogon bodinieri)
2140	28	26°36′08″N—103°56′46″E	黄杉	矮杨梅 (Myrica nana)、扁刺峨眉蔷薇、滇榛、金丝桃、锦绣杜鹃、荚蒾、石栎 (Lithocarpus glaber)、西南栒子、截叶铁扫帚	半夏、车前、翻白叶、荩草、两头毛 (Incarvillea argute)、蛇莓 (Duchesnea indica)、老鹳草、灰苞蒿 (Artemisia roxburghiana)、积雪草 (Centella asiatica)、千里光 (Senecio scandens)、杏香兔儿风 (Ainsliaea fragrans)、鸭子草、银莲花 (Anemone cathayensis)、一把伞南星
2185	26	26°57′00″N—103°97′00″E	黄杉	荚蒾、锦绣杜鹃、金丝桃、矮杨梅、石栎、滇榛、扁刺峨眉蔷薇、西南栒子	荩草、两头毛、蛇莓、千里光、沿阶草、杏香兔儿风、积雪草、茜草、香薷
2214	21	26°32′26″N—103°55′28″E	黄杉	滇榛、荚蒾、锦绣杜鹃、扁刺峨眉蔷薇、金丝桃	两头毛、荩草、蛇莓、翻白叶

分布区类型 Areal-type	科数 Family	百分比 Percentage/%	属数 Genera	百分比 Percentage/%
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	19	38	16	16.84
2. 泛热带分布 Pantropic	16	32	12	12.63
3. 东亚 (热带、亚热带) 及热带南美间断分布 Tropical & subtropical east Asia & (south) tropical America disjuncted	2	4	3	3.16
4. 旧世界热带分布 Old world Tropical	‒	‒	3	3.16
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to tropical Australasia Oceania	‒	‒	1	1.05
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropic Asia to Tropic Africa	1	2	5	5.26
7. 热带亚洲 (印度-马来西亚) 分布 Tropic Asia (Indo-Malesia)	1	2	3	3.16
8. 北温带分布 North Temperate	11	22	33	34.74
9. 东亚和北美洲间断分布 East Asia & North America disjuncted	‒	‒	5	5.26
10. 旧世界温带分布 Old World Temperate	‒	‒	4	4.21
11. 温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia	‒	‒	1	1.05
12. 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布 Mediterranean, West Asia to central Asia	‒	‒	‒	‒
13. 中亚分布 Central Asia	‒	‒	1	1.05
14. 东亚分布 East Asia distribution	‒	‒	8	8.42
15. 中国特有分布 Endemic to China	‒	‒	‒	‒
合计 Total	50	100	95	100

分布区类型 Areal-type	科数 Family	百分比 Percentage/%	属数 Genera	百分比 Percentage/%
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	19	38	16	16.84
2. 泛热带分布 Pantropic	16	32	12	12.63
3. 东亚 (热带、亚热带) 及热带南美间断分布 Tropical & subtropical east Asia & (south) tropical America disjuncted	2	4	3	3.16
4. 旧世界热带分布 Old world Tropical	‒	‒	3	3.16
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to tropical Australasia Oceania	‒	‒	1	1.05
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropic Asia to Tropic Africa	1	2	5	5.26
7. 热带亚洲 (印度-马来西亚) 分布 Tropic Asia (Indo-Malesia)	1	2	3	3.16
8. 北温带分布 North Temperate	11	22	33	34.74
9. 东亚和北美洲间断分布 East Asia & North America disjuncted	‒	‒	5	5.26
10. 旧世界温带分布 Old World Temperate	‒	‒	4	4.21
11. 温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia	‒	‒	1	1.05
12. 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布 Mediterranean, West Asia to central Asia	‒	‒	‒	‒
13. 中亚分布 Central Asia	‒	‒	1	1.05
14. 东亚分布 East Asia distribution	‒	‒	8	8.42
15. 中国特有分布 Endemic to China	‒	‒	‒	‒
合计 Total	50	100	95	100

不同层次 Different layer	指数 Index	物种丰富度指数S Species richness	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H Shannon-Wiener index	Simpson优势度指数D Simpson index	Pielou均匀度指数J Pielou index
灌木层 Shrub layer	物种丰富度指数S Species richness	1
	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H Shannon-Wiener index	0.962^**	1
	Simpson优势度指数D Simpson index	0.856^*	0.962^**	1
	Pielou均匀度指数J Pielou index	0.326	0.381	0.395	1
草本层 Herb layer	物种丰富度指数S Species richness	1
	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H Shannon-Wiener index	0.962^**	1
	Simpson优势度指数D Simpson index	0.879^*	0.975^**	1
	Pielou均匀度指数J Pielou index	0.521	0.562	0.552	1

黔西北黄杉群落物种多样性的海拔梯度格局

Altitudinal Pattern of Species Diversity of Pseudotsuga sinensis Communty in Northwestern Guizhou, China

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科内所含种数 Number of species in families	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Ration total species/%	科数 Number of families	占总科数比例 Ration total families/%
≥10	29	23.39	2	4
5‒9	32	25.805	5	10
2‒4	32	25.805	12	24
1	31	25	31	62
合计 Total	124	100	50	100

科内所含属数 Number of genera in families	属数 Number of genera	占总属数比例 Ration total genera/%	科数 Number of families	占总科数比例 Ration total families/%
≥10	11	11.58	1	2
4‒9	29	30.53	5	10
2‒3	22	23.16	11	22
1	33	34.73	33	66
合计 Total	95	100	50	100

海拔 Elevation	1904 m	1943 m	2075 m	2140 m	2185 m	2214 m
1904 m		8	11.5	22.5	11.5	5.5
1943 m	0.1111		8.5	20.5	10.5	5.5
2075 m	0.2069	0.4848		23	15	8
2140 m	0.1176	0.2545	0.3030		19	19
2185 m	0.1481	0.3226	0.2857	0.4063		10
2214 m	0.3529	0.4762	0.5000	0.2963	0.3333

海拔 Elevation	1904 m	1943 m	2075 m	2140 m	2185 m	2214 m
1904 m		9	13	21.5	15.5	8
1943 m	0.1818		11	17.5	17.5	9
2075 m	0.1333	0.3125		17.5	13.5	9
2140 m	0.1224	0.3137	0.4068		17	20.5
2185 m	0.0606	0.0000	0.3721	0.4516		10.5
2214 m	0.0000	0.0000	0.3077	0.0889	0.2759

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