生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1177-1182.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.008

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

攀枝花市入侵植物马缨丹群落的物种组成与多样性研究

潘红丽1(), 李慧超1, 余志祥2, 蔡蕾1, 李旭华1, 刘兴良1,*()   

  1. 1.四川省林业科学研究院,森林和湿地生态保育四川重点实验室,四川 成都 610081
    2.四川攀枝花苏铁自然保护区管理局,四川 攀枝花 617000
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-07 出版日期:2021-06-18 发布日期:2021-09-10
  • 通讯作者: * 刘兴良（1963年生）,男,研究员,主要从事森林生态学研究。E-mail: liuxingliang@126.com
  • 作者简介:潘红丽（1979年生）,女,副研究员,博士,主要从事野生植物保护研究工作。E-mail: panfreely@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家林业局科技发展中心生物安全与遗传资源管理项目(KJZXSA2018014);国家林业局科技发展中心生物安全与遗传资源管理项目(KJZXSA2019012);国家林业局科技发展中心生物安全与遗传资源管理项目(KJZXSA2020010)

Plant Composition and Diversity of Invasive Communities of Lantana camara in Panzhihua City

PAN Hongli1(), LI Huichao1, YU Zhixiang2, CAL Lei1, LI Xuhua1, LIU Xingliang1,*()   

  1. 1. Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Chengdu 610081, China
    2. Sichuan Panzhihua Cycad National Nature Reserve Administration, Panzhihua 617000, China
  • Received:2021-01-07 Online:2021-06-18 Published:2021-09-10

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摘要：

采用样地调查法,对攀枝花市5种生境中的马缨丹入侵群落的物种组成、生活型谱、物种多样性、丰富度、均匀度进行了调查分析。结果表明,（1）马缨丹入侵群落中,植物种类共有71种,隶属34科67属,以菊科、豆科、大戟科植物居多,且外来植物多达31种,约占调查植物种类的44%。（2）不同群落中植物生活生活型均以高位芽植物为主（平均达58%）,其中矿山迹地人工促进自然恢复地的高位芽植物比例高达68%,而四旁地块中高位芽植物比例最低,为44%;一年生植物所占比例平均达30%,这类植物主要是以入侵的菊科植物为代表的一年生草本植物;地上芽、地面芽和地下芽植物所占比例平均均低于10%。群落植物的生活型组成,一方面反映了植被所处环境的干热特征;另一方面也反映了群落受干扰的程度,干扰程度越低,高位芽植物所占的比例越大。（3）马缨丹入侵群落的物种多样性与群落所处的生境有明显的相关性：矿山迹地人工促进自然恢复地的各指数最高,荒山撂荒地的各生物多样性指数最低,二者各多样性指数均呈现显著性差异,矿山迹地人工开荒的柑橘园、芒果园,以及四旁的各指数居于中间,且柑橘园与芒果园的各指数间无显著差异。研究表明,人工干预程度增加的情况下（如Ⅱ和Ⅲ矿山迹地人工开荒果园）,打破了马缨丹占绝对优势的状况,新物种的增加产生了新的种间关系,进而引起生物多样性发生改变。由于该区外来入侵物种种类较多,且多种外来入侵植物和当地乡土物种共同挤占生存空间的前提下,研究外来入侵植物对原生生态系统的影响将变得更为复杂,必须加强相关方面的研究。

关键词: 马缨丹, 入侵植物, 区系, 植物生活型谱, 物种多样性, 攀枝花市

Abstract:

In order to study the invasive mechanism of invasive plant Lantana camara, the quadrat sampling method was used to investigate and analyze the plant composition, plant life form, plant diversity, richness, evenness and similarity of the community in different habitats in Panzhihua. The results showed that (1) there were 71 species in 5 invasion communities of Lantana camara, belonging to 34 families and 67 genera, and the invasion communities of Lantana camara were mainly composed by Compositae, Leguminosae and Euphorbiaceae plants. 31 of them are invasive alien plants plants among them, accounting for 44% of the investigated plant species. (2) The life forms of plants in different communities were dominated by phanerophytes (with an average of 58%), the proportion of phanerophytes in the artificially promoted natural recovery area of the mine slash was highest (68%), while this proportion of in the community of the side of farm house and the roads, rivers and fields was the lowest (44%). The proportion of annual plants was as high as 30%, and these plants were mainly annual herbs represented by invasive plants. The average proportion of buds, ground buds and underground buds were less than 10%. The life form composition of the communities reflects the dry and hot characteristics of the vegetation environment. It also reflects the degree of disturbance to the communities. The lower the degree of disturbance is, the greater the proportion of the high bud plants is. (3) There was a significant correlation between the species diversity of the invasive communities and the habitat of the communities, the diversity indexes of the artificial restoration lands were the highest, while the index of the abandoned lands were the lowest, there were significant differences between the two communities. The indexes of the artificial restoration lands, and the community of the side of farm house and the roads, rivers and fields were in the middle, and there was no significant difference between the orange orchard and mango orchard. Results also showed that the dominant status of L. camara was broken under the increase of artificial intervention in communities, and the increase of new species produced new interspecific relationships and the change of biodiversity. Because there are many kinds of alien invasive species in Panzhihua, and a variety of alien invasive plants and local species occupy the living space together, the research on the impacts of alien invasive plants on the primary ecosystem

Key words: Lantana camara, invasive plant, flora, plant life form spectrum, species diversity, Panzhihua

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