绿肥和秸秆还田及调控剂对超级稻碳氮库管理指数的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.09.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 1356-1369.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.09.003

绿肥和秸秆还田及调控剂对超级稻碳氮库管理指数的影响

张温情¹(), 王斌¹, 万运帆¹, 廖育林², 鲁艳红², 胡明勇³, 蔡岸冬¹, 秦晓波¹^,^*()

¹ 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/中国农业科学院农业农村碳达峰碳中和研究中心/农业农村部农业农村生态环境重点实验室，北京 100081
² 湖南省土壤肥料研究所，湖南长沙 412508
³ 长沙市农业技术推广中心，湖南长沙 410016

收稿日期:2025-11-20 修回日期:2026-03-14 接受日期:2026-05-08 出版日期:2026-09-18 发布日期:2026-09-16
通讯作者: *秦晓波, E-mail: qinxiaobo@caas.cn
作者简介:张温情（2001年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为气候变化与减排固碳。E-mail: 1601801454@qq.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAAS-ZDRW202417);中国农科院绿色低碳科学中心项目(CAAS-CSGLCA-202301)

Effects of Green Manure, Straw Returning to Fields, and Regulatory Agents on Carbon and Nitrogen Pool Management Indices in Super Hybrid Rice

Zhang Wenqing¹(), Wang Bin¹, Wan Yunfan¹, Liao Yulin², Lu Yanhong², Hu Mingyong³, Cai Andong¹, Qin Xiaobo¹^,^*()

¹ Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural and Rural Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral Research Center/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
² Soils and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, P. R. China
³ Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Changsha, Changsha 410016, P. R. China

Received:2025-11-20 Revised:2026-03-14 Accepted:2026-05-08 Online:2026-09-18 Published:2026-09-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究绿肥和秸秆还田及不同调控剂（针铁矿、乙烯利与二氯乙基磺酸钠）施用对超级杂交高产水稻“晶两优华占”土壤碳氮库管理指数的影响。【方法】于2022－2024年在湖南省长沙县高桥镇开展试验，共设6个处理：化肥+稻草（CK）、化肥+稻草绿肥（M）、减氮30%+稻草绿肥（R）、化肥+稻草绿肥+针铁矿（F）、化肥+稻草绿肥+乙烯利（E）、化肥+稻草绿肥+二氯乙基磺酸钠（S），计算碳氮库管理指数并分析关键影响因子。【结果】1）各处理土壤碳氮库管理指数存在显著季节和年际变化趋势，其中碳库管理指数（CPMI）波动明显，氮库管理指数（NPMI）逐年增加，第3年NPMI分别比前两年提升43.63%和36.18%；2）与CK相比，各处理整体上均增加了CPMI与NPMI，其中M对CPMI（199.08±44.60）与NPMI（96.29±9.19）的提升效果最优，而添加3种调控剂的处理较M降低4.24%－15.27%的CPMI与6.20%－14.08%的NPMI，其中S处理显著降低了NPMI（p<0.05）；3）随机森林与结构方程模型分析表示：DOC和TDN是影响CPMI的主要因素，TDN是影响NPMI的主要因素。【结论】化肥+稻草绿肥更有利于提高超级稻土壤碳氮库管理指数，是提升土壤肥力，扩容土壤碳氮库最优的选择。

关键词: 绿肥, 秸秆还田, 调控剂, 超级稻, 碳库管理指数, 氮库管理指数

Abstract:

[Objective] This study investigates the effects of green manure and straw incorporation, along with different regulators (goethite, ethephon, and sodium dichloroethyl sulfonate) on soil carbon and nitrogen pool management indices of the super hybrid high-yield rice variety “Jingliangyou Huazhan”. The findings hold significant implications for rational resource utilization, enhancing soil fertility, and expanding carbon and nitrogen pools. [Methods] A field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024 in Gaoqiao Town, Changsha County, Hunan Province. Six treatments were set up, including chemical fertilizer + rice straw returning (CK), chemical fertilizer + rice straw and green manure returning (M), 30% nitrogen reduction + rice straw and green manure returning (R), chemical fertilizer + rice straw and green manure returning + goethite (F), chemical fertilizer + rice straw and green manure returning + ethephon (E), and chemical fertilizer + rice straw and green manure returning + sodium dichloroethyl sulfonate (S). The soil carbon and nitrogen pool management indices were calculated, and their key influencing factors were analyzed. [Results] 1) carbon and nitrogen reservoir management indices (CPMI and NPMI) exhibited significant seasonal and interannual variations across treatments. CPMI showed pronounced fluctuations, while NPMI increased annually with the third-year NPMI exceeding the previous two years by 43.63% and 36.18%, respectively; 2) compared to the control (CK) treatment (straw return plus chemical fertilizer alone), all other treatments generally increased both CPMI and NPMI. Treatment M showed the most significant enhancement effects for CPMI and NPMI (199.08 ± 44.60 and 96.29 ± 9.19, respectively), while treatments with three regulators showed 4.24%‒15.27% lower CPMI and 6.20%‒14.08% lower NPMI than M. Notably, treatment S significantly reduced NPMI (p < 0.05); 3) random forest and structural equation modeling analyses indicated that DOC and TDN were primary factors influencing CPMI, while TDN was the main factor affecting NPMI. [Conclusion] The combined application of chemical fertilizer and rice straw green manure to fields is more effective in enhancing the soil carbon and nitrogen reservoir management index of super rice, representing the optimal choice for improving soil fertility and expanding soil carbon and nitrogen reservoirs.

Key words: green manure, straw incorporation, regulatory agent, super hybrid rice, carbon pool management index, nitrogen pool management index

中图分类号:

S153

张温情, 王斌, 万运帆, 廖育林, 鲁艳红, 胡明勇, 蔡岸冬, 秦晓波. 绿肥和秸秆还田及调控剂对超级稻碳氮库管理指数的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(9): 1356-1369.

Zhang Wenqing, Wang Bin, Wan Yunfan, Liao Yulin, Lu Yanhong, Hu Mingyong, Cai Andong, Qin Xiaobo. Effects of Green Manure, Straw Returning to Fields, and Regulatory Agents on Carbon and Nitrogen Pool Management Indices in Super Hybrid Rice[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(9): 1356-1369.

图/表 16

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有机肥	w(TN)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w(TP)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w(TK)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w(TC)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w(C)/w(N)	w(水分)/%
紫云英	24.40	3.50	24.70	394.0	16.15	82
稻草	10.80	2.50	14.90	360.0	33.33	25

有机肥	w(TN)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w(TP)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w(TK)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w(TC)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w(C)/w(N)	w(水分)/%
紫云英	24.40	3.50	24.70	394.0	16.15	82
稻草	10.80	2.50	14.90	360.0	33.33	25

处理	化肥用量/(kg∙hm⁻²)			绿肥用量/(kg∙hm⁻²)			稻草用量/(kg∙hm⁻²)			其他用量/(kg∙hm⁻²)		合计用量/(kg∙hm⁻²)
处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	名称	剂量	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	183	48.23	85.05	－	－	－	27	26.77	44.93	－	－	210.00	75.00	130.00
M	170.83	42.6	70.22	12.17	5.63	14.83	27	26.77	44.93	－	－	210.00	75.00	130.00
R	107.85	42.6	85.05	12.17	5.63	14.83	27	26.77	44.93	－	－	147.00	75.00	130.00
F	170.83	42.6	70.22	12.17	5.63	14.83	27	26.77	44.93	针铁矿	15.00	210.00	75.00	130.00
E	170.83	42.6	70.22	12.17	5.63	14.83	27	26.77	44.93	乙烯利	1500.00	210.00	75.00	130.00
S	170.83	42.6	70.22	12.17	5.63	14.83	27	26.77	44.93	二氯乙基磺酸钠	15.00	210.00	75.00	130.00

处理	化肥用量/(kg∙hm⁻²)			绿肥用量/(kg∙hm⁻²)			稻草用量/(kg∙hm⁻²)			其他用量/(kg∙hm⁻²)		合计用量/(kg∙hm⁻²)
处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	名称	剂量	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	183	48.23	85.05	－	－	－	27	26.77	44.93	－	－	210.00	75.00	130.00
M	170.83	42.6	70.22	12.17	5.63	14.83	27	26.77	44.93	－	－	210.00	75.00	130.00
R	107.85	42.6	85.05	12.17	5.63	14.83	27	26.77	44.93	－	－	147.00	75.00	130.00
F	170.83	42.6	70.22	12.17	5.63	14.83	27	26.77	44.93	针铁矿	15.00	210.00	75.00	130.00
E	170.83	42.6	70.22	12.17	5.63	14.83	27	26.77	44.93	乙烯利	1500.00	210.00	75.00	130.00
S	170.83	42.6	70.22	12.17	5.63	14.83	27	26.77	44.93	二氯乙基磺酸钠	15.00	210.00	75.00	130.00

处理	w(SOC)/(g·kg⁻¹)				w(DOC)/(g·kg⁻¹)
处理	2022年	2023年	2024年	2022－2024	2022年	2023年	2024年	2022－2024
CK	19.25±0.80b	20.43±0.62a	20.74±2.36a	20.14±0.87a	90.49±15.42a	192.33±28.35a	32.47±4.68a	105.10±20.23a
M	22.16±0.87a	21.16±0.80a	22.97±1.36a	22.10±0.63a	82.61±9.63a	260.37±41.96a	41.02±4.27a	128.00±28.48a
R	19.38±0.66b	21.04±0.70a	21.86±1.25a	20.76±0.59a	99.14±19.34a	245.72±39.64a	38.16±4.47a	127.67±26.91a
F	20.39±0.72ab	20.09±1.23a	21.74±1.75a	20.74±0.77a	107.63±21.10a	225.57±39.62a	34.65±5.79a	122.62±25.30a
E	21.12±0.50ab	20.12±0.63a	20.44±1.04a	20.56±0.45a	98.18±15.54a	238.57±35.95a	35.72±4.03a	124.16±25.53a
S	18.82±0.87b	20.16±0.85a	19.83±1.58a	19.61±0.68a	82.23±18.77a	212.73±35.61a	30.62±3.66a	108.53±23.94a

绿肥和秸秆还田及调控剂对超级稻碳氮库管理指数的影响

Effects of Green Manure, Straw Returning to Fields, and Regulatory Agents on Carbon and Nitrogen Pool Management Indices in Super Hybrid Rice

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项目	处理	移栽返青期	分蘖期	孕穗期	灌浆期	成熟期
2022年 CPMI	CK	97.37±5.38ab	73.40±10.09a	216.20±5.47a	126.93±27.75b	186.24±40.03ab
	M	116.41±16.69a	94.73±5.67a	127.11±7.63b	190.85±23.24ab	108.81±9.40b
	R	95.21±0.89ab	70.22±15.99a	167.01±19.36b	173.17±11.63ab	261.61±36.05a
	F	104.08±9.76ab	70.34±12.34a	166.62±0.66b	222.61±30.36a	269.34±28.52a
	E	91.76±14.9ab	90.17±15.95a	228.02±10.25a,	162.14±10.84ab	187.03±1.13ab
	S	73.95±4.89b	63.12±4.75a	166.31±23.29b	235.96±5.50a	96.59±3.05b
2022年 NPMI	CK	81.48±4.91ab	88.94±9.64a	44.58±5.36a	49.74±3.12ab	41.04±5.83a
	M	106.79±6.94a	119.26±3.93a	51.15±3.33a	56.54±6.10ab	40.28±7.82a
	R	66.46±1.94b	76.19±10.89a	47.63±6.21a	62.00±7.73a	53.95±9.75a
	F	107.58±15.29a	109.65±0.57a	53.16±4.36a	39.59±6.72b	53.62±8.24a
	E	99.55±4.93a	98.58±14.06a	66.05±10.66a	63.82±4.15a	46.09±9.33a
	S	96.64±11.38ab	100.93±18.36a	49.46±3.63a	48.05±4.26ab	33.18±7.65a
2023年 CPMI	CK	314.08±21.72b	372.88±25.72a	349.33±22.42a	355.15±8.81a	104.74±13.01a
	M	483.32±19.59a	499.35±10.55a	452.52±48.44a	483.12±33.27a	113.85±4.37a
	R	466.19±47.99a	437.69±40.49a	379.71±36.77a	514.26±49.80a	119.44±4.61a
	F	428.18±57.29a	382.68±24.46a	386.96±45.06a	478.55±56.45a	83.23±6.97a
	E	449.40±33.57a	402.91±33.49a	427.09±57.84a	459.54±37.74a	123.01±14.39a
	S	343.28±50.14ab	393.91±42.62a	409.41±54.29a	423.21±55.32a	88.32±11.89a
2023年 NPMI	CK	77.14±5.12b	86.88±7.20a	85.06±4.32a	80.69±5.81b	38.87±19.9ab
	M	121.70±17.72a	113.98±1.66a	131.04±19.49a	125.27±9.15a	79.59±4.34a
	R	95.36±5.12ab	104.15±12.81a	112.41±7.15a	119.99±5.16a	63.15±12.23ab
	F	93.00±6.00ab	117.23±13.61a	93.95±9.17a	93.41±13.53ab	19.68±4.17b
	E	99.87±6.38ab	105.72±7.67a	109.51±6.96a	116.21±6.30a	71.81±7.21a
	S	83.22±8.96ab	95.38±0.82a	105.53±4.21a	116.95±3.52a	37.82±11.79ab
2024年 CPMI	CK	36.58±0.73b	28.91±3.22a	58.38±4.61a	51.78±5.60a	74.75±10.08a
	M	78.24±13.86a	40.73±5.30a	68.84±10.11a	51.53±4.85a	76.77±4.88a
	R	49.32±8.73ab	36.20±1.19a	65.64±10.03a	60.90±1.85a	82.02±3.36a
	F	46.58±7.68ab	31.84±7.05a	45.37±3.47a	52.14±3.03a	91.11±4.08a
	E	45.49±5.80ab	42.60±3.81a	69.69±11.30a	43.3±5.12a	74.21±1.09a
	S	37.17±1.95b	31.49±6.15a	51.98±10.32a	47.49±6.57a	67.87±11.97a
2024年 NPMI	CK	112.54±10.49b	174.50±28.02a	63.01±6.90a	56.96±5.71a	62.31±6.49a
	M	168.42±6.15a	123.62±12.83a	77.60±3.31a	61.56±10.62a	67.50±5.36a
	R	132.61±6.13ab	182.80±17.66a	72.71±5.36a	100.16±19.35a	73.09±5.93a
	F	129.14±3.20b	128.81±7.84a	77.96±2.65a	64.35±6.39a	66.48±9.37a
	E	118.63±1.30b	117.64±1.42a	83.68±20.41a	83.43±19.16a	74.17±1.23a
	S	118.52±16.76b	119.15±5.03a	90.31±11.01a	84.31±10.26a	61.50±8.42a

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处理	w(TN)/(g·kg⁻¹)				w(TDN)/(g·kg⁻¹)
处理	2022年	2023年	2024年	2022－2024	2022年	2023年	2024年	2022－2024
CK	1.01±0.08c	1.40±0.18a	1.80±0.25a	1.40±0.13a	41.40±5.77a	50.14±5.31b	62.79±12.38a	51.44±5.38b
M	1.38±0.07a	1.43±0.19a	1.81±0.15a	1.54±0.10a	50.70±9.18a	74.71±4.56a	67.27±11.56a	64.23±5.76a
R	1.02±0.07c	1.53±0.30a	1.83±0.32a	1.46±0.17a	41.57±2.88a	66.14±5.49ab	74.56±11.00a	60.76±5.55ab
F	1.34±0.13ab	1.47±0.15a	1.55±0.27a	1.45±0.11a	49.42±8.67a	56.45±9.79b	61.66±7.73a	55.84±5.23ab
E	1.26±0.08abc	1.48±0.24a	1.77±0.19a	1.50±0.12a	50.96±6.21a	67.65±4.43ab	64.13±5.38a	60.92±3.62ab
S	1.08±0.07bc	1.70±0.29a	1.53±0.17a	1.44±0.13a	44.21±7.92a	59.34±8.00b	63.91±6.23a	55.82±4.81ab

处理	w(TN)/(g·kg⁻¹)				w(TDN)/(g·kg⁻¹)
处理	2022年	2023年	2024年	2022－2024	2022年	2023年	2024年	2022－2024
CK	1.01±0.08c	1.40±0.18a	1.80±0.25a	1.40±0.13a	41.40±5.77a	50.14±5.31b	62.79±12.38a	51.44±5.38b
M	1.38±0.07a	1.43±0.19a	1.81±0.15a	1.54±0.10a	50.70±9.18a	74.71±4.56a	67.27±11.56a	64.23±5.76a
R	1.02±0.07c	1.53±0.30a	1.83±0.32a	1.46±0.17a	41.57±2.88a	66.14±5.49ab	74.56±11.00a	60.76±5.55ab
F	1.34±0.13ab	1.47±0.15a	1.55±0.27a	1.45±0.11a	49.42±8.67a	56.45±9.79b	61.66±7.73a	55.84±5.23ab
E	1.26±0.08abc	1.48±0.24a	1.77±0.19a	1.50±0.12a	50.96±6.21a	67.65±4.43ab	64.13±5.38a	60.92±3.62ab
S	1.08±0.07bc	1.70±0.29a	1.53±0.17a	1.44±0.13a	44.21±7.92a	59.34±8.00b	63.91±6.23a	55.82±4.81ab

处理	ΔSOC储量/(Mg∙hm⁻²)				ΔTN储量/(Mg∙hm⁻²)
处理	2022年	2023年	2024年	2022－2024	2022年	2023年	2024年	2022－2024
CK	9.06±1.64a	6.21±2.56a	−16.54±5.96b	−1.27±2.30c	0.57±0.51a	−0.02±0.40a	1.05±0.78a	1.60±0.94a
M	1.12±1.25b	2.87±1.01a	0.61±1.08a	4.59±2.03bc	0.33±0.26a	0.79±0.51a	1.64±1.44a	2.76±0.96a
R	6.23±0.94ab	1.33±1.15a	0.82±0.79a	8.39±0.89b	0.64±0.61a	0.00±0.23a	3.23±1.74a	3.86±2.03a
F	8.79±1.36a	3.66±2.82a	4.20±1.77a	16.65±1.39a	−1.39±0.16a	−0.61±0.17a	3.53±0.90a	1.53±1.01a
E	8.30±1.92a	0.50±1.70a	−5.46±3.57ab	3.34±2.10bc	0.02±0.23a	−0.32±0.48a	2.7±0.31a	2.40±0.96a
S	6.62±0.03ab	5.59±0.52a	−10.81±0.09ab	1.41±0.54bc	1.27±0.34a	1.24±0.49a	1.06±0.41a	3.57±0.67a

处理	ΔSOC储量/(Mg∙hm⁻²)				ΔTN储量/(Mg∙hm⁻²)
处理	2022年	2023年	2024年	2022－2024	2022年	2023年	2024年	2022－2024
CK	9.06±1.64a	6.21±2.56a	−16.54±5.96b	−1.27±2.30c	0.57±0.51a	−0.02±0.40a	1.05±0.78a	1.60±0.94a
M	1.12±1.25b	2.87±1.01a	0.61±1.08a	4.59±2.03bc	0.33±0.26a	0.79±0.51a	1.64±1.44a	2.76±0.96a
R	6.23±0.94ab	1.33±1.15a	0.82±0.79a	8.39±0.89b	0.64±0.61a	0.00±0.23a	3.23±1.74a	3.86±2.03a
F	8.79±1.36a	3.66±2.82a	4.20±1.77a	16.65±1.39a	−1.39±0.16a	−0.61±0.17a	3.53±0.90a	1.53±1.01a
E	8.30±1.92a	0.50±1.70a	−5.46±3.57ab	3.34±2.10bc	0.02±0.23a	−0.32±0.48a	2.7±0.31a	2.40±0.96a
S	6.62±0.03ab	5.59±0.52a	−10.81±0.09ab	1.41±0.54bc	1.27±0.34a	1.24±0.49a	1.06±0.41a	3.57±0.67a