秸秆还田下中国农田土壤微生物生物量碳变化及其影响因素的Meta分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.09.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 1552-1562.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.09.002

秸秆还田下中国农田土壤微生物生物量碳变化及其影响因素的Meta分析

唐志伟¹(), 翁颖¹, 朱夏童¹, 蔡洪梅¹, 代雯慈¹, 王捧娜¹, 郑宝强¹, 李金才¹^,²^,^*(), 陈翔¹^,^*()

1.安徽农业大学农学院/农业部华东地区作物栽培科学观测站，安徽合肥 230036
2.江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心，江苏南京 210095

收稿日期:2023-07-27 出版日期:2023-09-18 发布日期:2023-12-11
通讯作者: 李金才。E-mail: ljc5122423@126.com
^*陈翔。E-mail: cxagricultural@163.com;
作者简介:唐志伟（2000年生），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为作物生理生态。E-mail: tzw13866538069@126.com
基金资助:
农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室开放基金项目(FECPP202001);安徽省重大科技专项(202003b06020021);安徽农业大学智慧农业研究院开放基金课题(IAR2021A01);安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(340000222426000100009)

Meta-analysis of Soil Microbial Mass Carbon and Its Influencing Factors in Farmland in China under Straw Return

TANG Zhiwei¹(), WENG Ying¹, ZHU Xiatong¹, CAI Hongmei¹, DAI Wenci¹, WANG Pengna¹, ZHENG Baoqiang¹, LI Jincai¹^,²^,^*(), CHEN Xiang¹^,^*()

1. College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University/Crop Cultivation Science Observatory in East China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Crop Production in Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China

Received:2023-07-27 Online:2023-09-18 Published:2023-12-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

秸秆还田能改变农田土壤微生物生物量碳（Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon，SMBC）含量，分析秸秆还田条件下SMBC含量变化及其相关影响因素，对理解秸秆还田下土壤养分周转与碳循环机制具有重要意义。基于中国知网和Web of Science数据库2001－2022年公开发表的68篇文献，建立了839组包含秸秆还田和秸秆不还田下SMBC含量的数据库，按照气候类型、种植方式、耕作方式、秸秆种类、施氮量、秸秆还田量进行分组，采用Meta分析对秸秆还田条件下SMBC含量变化的特征进行综合分析。结果表明，与秸秆不还田相比，1）秸秆还田显著提升SMBC含量（51.4%，置信区间为0.373－0.654），且对不同土层SMBC含量的提升效果不同，浅层和深层SMBC含量分别提升47.9%和42.7%。2）秸秆还田下温带季风气候区和亚热带季风气候区SMBC含量分别增加71.0%和35.8%，但在温带大陆气候区对SMBC含量影响表现出显著负效应，降低幅度为35.6%。3）不同耕作方式下旋耕（99.2%）对SMBC含量的增幅影响最为明显，约为常规耕作和免耕下的2.4倍和4倍。4）旱地秸秆还田SMBC含量的增幅明显高于稻田。玉米秸秆对SMBC含量的响应度最高，增幅达到99.5%，水稻秸秆次之，增幅为30.8%；小麦秸秆最低，降低幅度为5.8%。5）施氮量对SMBC含量增幅在−34.5%－183.9%之间，0－100 kg•hm⁻²和101－225 kg•hm⁻²施氮量下秸秆还田可显著提升SMBC含量，而在226－325 kg•hm⁻²和326－425 kg•hm⁻²施氮量下秸秆还田对SMBC含量的影响表现出显著的负效应；6）对于秸秆还田量而言，当秸秆还田量 <4500 kg•hm⁻²时增幅52.60%，4500－9000 kg•hm⁻²时增幅47.7%，>9000 kg•hm⁻²时增幅44.2%，但SMBC含量的增幅表现出随着秸秆还田量的增加呈递减趋势。由此可见，不同的气候类型、种植方式、耕作方式、秸秆种类、施氮量、秸秆还田量等条件下，秸秆还田对中国农田SMBC含量的影响存在显著差异。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 气候类型, 耕作方式, 施氮量, 土壤微生物生物量碳, Meta分析

Abstract:

Straw return can change the content of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) in farmland, and analyzing changes in SMBC content and its related influencing factors under the conditions of straw returning is pivotal for understanding the mechanism of soil nutrient turnover and carbon cycling driven by straw returning. In this study, a database of 839 groups containing SMBC contents under straw-returned and straw-not-returned conditions was established based on 68 publicly available papers published in China Knowledge and Web of Science databases from 2001 to 2022. The data was grouped by climate type, cultivation method, tillage method, type of straw, amount of nitrogen applied, and amount of returned straw. A meta-analysis was then conducted to comprehensively analyze the variation characteristics of SMBC content under the conditions of straw returning with experimental results under the conditions of no straw returning set as controls. Results showed that 1) straw return significantly increased SMBC content by 51.4% with a confidence interval from 0.373−0.654. The improvement effect on the SMBC content in different soil layers was different, and the SMBC content in shallow and deep layers increased by 47.9% and 42.7%, respectively. 2) The content of SMBC in the temperate monsoon climate zone and subtropical monsoon climate zone increased by 71.0% and 35.8%, respectively, under straw returning, but it showed a significant negative effect on SMBC content in the temperate continental climate zone, with a decrease of 35.6%. 3) The effect of rotary tillage (99.2%) on the increase of SMBC content under different tillage methods was the most obvious, which was about 2.4 times and 4 times that of conventional tillage and no-tillage. 4) The increase of SMBC content in upland was significantly higher than that in paddy field. The response of maize straw to SMBC content was the highest, with an increase of 99.5%, followed by rice straw, with an increase of 30.8%. Wheat straw was the lowest, with a decrease of 5.8%. 5) The effect of nitrogen application rate on SMBC content increased by −34.5% to 183.9%. Under nitrogen application rates of 0−100 kg•hm⁻² and 101−225 kg•hm⁻², straw returning could significantly increase SMBC content, while under the nitrogen application rate of 226−325 kg•hm⁻² and 326−425 kg•hm⁻², straw returning showed a significant negative effect on SMBC content. 6) For the amount of straw returning, when the amount of straw returning was 9000 kg•hm⁻², the increase was 44.2%, but the increase of SMBC content showed a decreasing trend with the increase of straw returning. In conclusion, straw return has a significant influence on SMBC content in Chinese farmland, and the impact extent varies under different climatic types, planting methods, tillage methods, straw types, nitrogen application rates, and straw returning amounts.

Key words: straw returning, climate type, tillage method, amount of nitrogen applied, soil microbial biomass carbon, Meta-analysis

中图分类号:

唐志伟, 翁颖, 朱夏童, 蔡洪梅, 代雯慈, 王捧娜, 郑宝强, 李金才, 陈翔. 秸秆还田下中国农田土壤微生物生物量碳变化及其影响因素的Meta分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(9): 1552-1562.

TANG Zhiwei, WENG Ying, ZHU Xiatong, CAI Hongmei, DAI Wenci, WANG Pengna, ZHENG Baoqiang, LI Jincai, CHEN Xiang. Meta-analysis of Soil Microbial Mass Carbon and Its Influencing Factors in Farmland in China under Straw Return[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(9): 1552-1562.

图/表 8

表1 数据分组情况

Table 1 Data grouping

土壤深度	气候类型	种植方式	耕作方式	秸秆种类	施氮量	秸秆还田量
总体 (839)	温带大陆气候 (54)	稻田 (324)	旋耕 (247)	玉米 (355)	0−100 (143)	<4500 (251)
浅层0−20 (747)	温带季风气候 (439)	旱地 (515)	深耕 (23)	小麦 (90)	101−225 (345)	4500−9000 (226)
深层>20 (92)	亚热带季风气候 (301)		免耕 (44)	水稻 (218)	226−325 (172)	>9000 (47)

图1 不同土层SMBC对秸秆还田的响应点和误差线分别代表增幅及95%的置信区间，如果95%的置信区间没有跨越零线表示处理与对照存在显著差异；若在某一分组下95%置信区间的横线之间无重叠，可认为所研究因素之间存在差异显著的统计学关联。*表示显著影响。下同

Figure 1 Response of SMBC in different soil layers to straw return to field

图2 不同气候类型下秸秆还田的SMBC差异右边数字为不同处理对应的SMBC增幅。下同

Figure 2 Effects of SMBC to straw returning under different climate types

图3 不同种植模式下秸秆还田对SMBC含量的增幅

Figure 3 Effects of straw returning to field to SMBC content under different planting modes

图4 不同耕作方式下秸秆还田对SMBC含量的增幅

Figure 4 Effects of straw returning to field to SMBC content under different tillage methods

图5 不同秸秆类型下秸秆还田对SMBC含量的增幅

Figure 5 Effects of straw returning to field to SMBC content under different straw types

图6 不同施氮量下秸秆还田对SMBC含量的增幅

Figure 6 Effects of straw returning to field to SMBC content under different nitrogen application rates

图7 不同秸秆还田量下秸秆还田对SMBC含量的增幅

Figure 7 Effects of straw return to SMBC content under different amount of straw return

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秸秆还田下中国农田土壤微生物生物量碳变化及其影响因素的Meta分析

Meta-analysis of Soil Microbial Mass Carbon and Its Influencing Factors in Farmland in China under Straw Return

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