辽宁省水稻田固碳减排潜力分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.07.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 1226-1236.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.07.006

辽宁省水稻田固碳减排潜力分析

宫亮¹^,²(), 金丹丹¹^,², 牛世伟¹^,², 王娜¹^,², 邹晓锦¹^,², 张鑫¹^,², 隋世江¹^,², 解占军¹^,², 韩瑛祚¹^,²

1.辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所，辽宁沈阳 110161
2.辽宁省面源污染防控重点实验室，辽宁沈阳 110161

收稿日期:2023-01-07 出版日期:2023-07-18 发布日期:2023-09-27
作者简介:宫亮（1981年生），男，研究员，主要从事农业资源利用相关工作。E-mail: gongliang1900@sina.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200200)

Potential Analysis of Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction in Rice Fields in Liaoning Province

GONG Liang¹^,²(), JIN Dandan¹^,², NIU Shiwei¹^,², WANG Nan¹^,², ZOU Xiaojin¹^,², ZHANG Xin¹^,², SUI Shijiang¹^,², Xie Zhanjun¹^,², HAN Yingzuo¹^,²

1. Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resource, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, P. R. China
2. Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Shenyang 110161, P. R. China

Received:2023-01-07 Online:2023-07-18 Published:2023-09-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻生产是碳排放的主要来源，辽宁省是中国重要的优质水稻主产区，探明稻田减排固碳潜力对实现碳达峰碳中和具有重要意义。遵循《IPCC国家温室气体清单指南2019修订版》的基本框架和要求，按照《省级温室气体清单编制指南》规定，估算分析了辽宁省稻田减排固碳潜力。结果表明，辽宁省稻田CH₄排放量（CO₂-eqv）为2.13-3.39 Tg·a^-1，N₂O直接和间接排放量（CO₂-eqv）分别为0.37-0.40 Tg·a^-1和0.08-0.09 Tg·a^-1。常规施肥碳排放总量（CO₂-eqv）为2.61 Tg·a^-1，优化施肥可减少碳排放（CO₂-eqv）0.03 Tg·a^-1，有机培肥和秸秆还田碳排放（CO₂-eqv）分别增加0.42 Tg·a^-1和1.36 Tg·a^-1，具有明显的增排效应，稻田单位面积碳排放强度和单位产量碳排放强度均以秸秆还田最高，较常规施肥分别增加了49.96%-52.68%和50.30%-52.46%。稻田单位面积碳排放强度（CO₂）以辽河三角洲稻区最高，达到5.17-8.08 t·hm^-2·a^-1。单位产量碳排放强度（CO₂）则以东南部山地丘陵稻区最高，达到0.66-1.01 t·t^-1·a^-1。不同水稻主产区以辽河三角洲稻区碳（CO₂-eqv）减排空间最大，达5.50×10⁴-1.42×10⁵ t·a^-1，不同化学肥料以氮肥减施带来的碳（CO₂-eqv）减排潜力最大，达0.18×10⁴-1.20×10⁵ t·a^-1，不同养分管理措施以有机无机配施碳（CO₂-eqv）减排空间最大，达3.78×10⁴-1.42×10⁵ t·a^-1。有机无机配施和秸秆还田土壤固碳量（CO₂-eqv）分别为0.10-0.28 Tg·a^-1和0.22-0.65 Tg·a^-1，其碳增排对土壤固碳抵消率分别为56.68%-82.52%和89.34%-99.03%，均能通过土壤固碳抵消其增加的碳排放。有机无机配施是辽宁省水稻生产碳减排最优养分管理措施。

关键词: 水稻, 甲烷, 氧化亚氮, 有机无机, 秸秆还田, 固碳减排

Abstract:

Rice production is the main source of carbon emissions. Liaoning Province is a major production area of high-quality rice in China. Exploring the potential of carbon sequestration and emission reduction in rice fields is very important for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Following the basic framework and requirements of IPCC, we estimated the potential of carbon sequestration and emission reduction of rice fields in Liaoning Province. The results showed that the methane emission (CO₂-eqv) from rice fields in Liaoning Province was 2.13-3.39 Tg·a^-1, and the direct or indirect N₂O emission (CO₂-eqv) was 0.37-0.40 Tg·a^-1 or 0.08-0.09 Tg·a^-1, respectively. The total carbon emission (CO₂-eqv) of conventional fertilization was 2.61 Tg·a^-1. Optimized fertilization could reduce carbon emission (CO₂-eqv) by 0.03 Tg·a^-1. Organic fertilization and straw returning increased carbon emission (CO₂-eqv) by 0.42 Tg·a^-1 and 1.36 Tg·a^-1, respectively. The carbon emission intensity per unit area and per unit yield of rice field were the highest in straw returning, which were 49.96%-52.68% and 50.30%-52.46% higher than those of conventional fertilization. The carbon emission (CO₂) intensity per unit area of rice field in Liaohe Delta was the highest, which was 5.17-8.08 t·hm^-2·a^-1; the carbon emission (CO₂) intensity of unit yield in southeast area of Liaoning Province was the highest, which was 0.66-1.01 t·t^-1·a^-1. Liaohe Delta rice area had the largest carbon emission (CO₂-eqv) reduction potential, which was 5.50-14.20 million tons per annum. Among nutrients, the carbon emission (CO₂-eqv) reduction from nitrogen fertilizer was the largest, which was 0.18-12.00 million tons of per annum; among fertilization methods, organic-inorganic combined fertilization showed the greatest reduction, which was 3.78-14.2 million tons of per annum. The amounts of carbon sequestration (CO₂-eqv) in soil with organic-inorganic combined fertilization and straw returning were 0.10-0.28 Tg·a^-1 and 0.22-0.65 Tg·a^-1, respectively, and the offset ratios of carbon sequestration to soil by increased carbon emission were 56.68%-82.52% and 89.34%-99.03%, respectively. Therefore, organic-inorganic combined fertilization is the best nutrient management measure for carbon emission reduction in rice production in Liaoning Province.

Key words: rice, methane, nitrous oxide, organic-inorganic combined fertilization, straw returning, carbon sequestration and emission reduction

中图分类号:

宫亮, 金丹丹, 牛世伟, 王娜, 邹晓锦, 张鑫, 隋世江, 解占军, 韩瑛祚. 辽宁省水稻田固碳减排潜力分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(7): 1226-1236.

GONG Liang, JIN Dandan, NIU Shiwei, WANG Nan, ZOU Xiaojin, ZHANG Xin, SUI Shijiang, Xie Zhanjun, HAN Yingzuo. Potential Analysis of Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction in Rice Fields in Liaoning Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(7): 1226-1236.

图/表 8

表1 辽宁省水稻主产区划分

Table 1 Division of main rice producing areas in Liaoning Province

水稻主产区	行政区域	气候条件	土壤类型	种植面积/ (10⁴ hm^-2)	平均产量/ (t·hm^-2)
辽河三角洲稻作区	营口、盘锦、锦州	水稻生长季平均气温在21 ℃以上, 降雨量在450-500 mm之间, 日照时长1100 h以上, ≥10 ℃活动积温在3700 ℃以上	盐渍型水稻土	18.46	9.5
辽宁中北部平原稻作区	铁岭、沈阳、辽阳、鞍山	水稻生长季平均气温在20-22 ℃之间, 降雨量在400-550 mm之间, 日照时长1100-1300 h, ≥10 ℃活动积温在3300-3800 ℃	草甸型水稻土	23.49	7.1
辽宁东南部部山地丘陵稻作区	丹东、大连、本溪、抚顺	水稻生长季平均气温在18-20 ℃之间, 降雨量在550-800 mm之间, 日照时长900-1000 h, ≥10 ℃活动积温在2000-3500 ℃	草甸型水稻土、盐渍型水稻土	8.75	8.5

表2 不同稻作区肥料施用量

Table 2 Fertilizer partial productivity in different rice producing area kg·hm-2

稻作区	推荐施肥量			习惯施肥量			化肥减施量			有机肥替代化肥量
稻作区	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
辽河三角洲	234	111	101	271	117	96	37	6	-5	47	35	40
辽东南山地丘陵	179	83	76	192	102	82	13	19	6	36	27	30
辽中北部平原	210	80	91	211	81	95	1	1	4	42	32	36

图1 不同养分管理条件下稻田碳排放总量

Figure 1 Total carbon emissions from paddy fields under different nutrient management conditions

图2 各稻作区稻田碳排放量

Figure 2 Carbon emissions of paddy fields in each rice growing area

图3 不同养分管理条件下单位面积碳排放强度

Figure 3 Carbon emission intensity per unit area under different nutrient management conditions

图4 不同养分管理条件下单位产量碳排放强度

Figure 4 Carbon emission intensity per unit yield under different nutrient management conditions

图5 不同条件下化肥减施替代碳减排潜力

Figure 5 Carbon reduction potential of chemical fertilizers under different nutrient management conditions

图6 不同养分管理条件下稻田碳增排与土壤固碳特征

Figure 6 Characteristics of carbon increase and release and soil carbon sequestration in rice field under different nutrient management conditions

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辽宁省水稻田固碳减排潜力分析

Potential Analysis of Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction in Rice Fields in Liaoning Province

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