亚硝酸盐对厌氧氨氧化耦合系统的脱氮效能及微生物群落的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.07.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 1275-1284.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.07.010

亚硝酸盐对厌氧氨氧化耦合系统的脱氮效能及微生物群落的影响

梁燚彤¹(), 李泽敏¹, 吴宇伦¹, 邱光磊¹, 吴海珍², 韦朝海¹^,^*()

1.华南理工大学环境与能源学院，广东广州 510006
2.华南理工大学生物科学与工程学院，广东广州 510006

收稿日期:2023-05-21 出版日期:2023-07-18 发布日期:2023-09-27
通讯作者: * 韦朝海。E-mail: cechwei@scut.edu.cn
作者简介:梁燚彤（1998年生），女，硕士研究生，主要从事厌氧氨氧化与自养反硝化耦合工艺研究。E-mail: gkzxxx_2009@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U1901218)

Effects of Nitrite on Nitrogen Removal Efficiency and Microbial Community in Anammox-based Coupled System

LIANG Yitong¹(), LI Zemin¹, WU Yulun¹, QIU Guanglei¹, WU Haizhen², WEI Chaohai¹^,^*()

1. School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
2. School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China

Received:2023-05-21 Online:2023-07-18 Published:2023-09-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在连续流反应器中，逐步增加 ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ 的浓度，构造阶梯积累比例，对过程调控与稳态运行具有积极意义。考察了耦合系统的脱氮性能和微生物群落的响应特征，探究 ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ 对厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）耦合自养反硝化（AuDen）系统中厌氧氨氧化菌（AnAOB）和硫自养反硝化菌（SOB）相互作用的长期影响及反应机制。有效容积为2.50 L的厌氧生物流化床（AFBR）连续140 d的运行结果表明，与对照组（ ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ =0）相比，随着所积累 ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ 浓度的增加，耦合系统的脱氮效率（NRE）及Anammox对总氮（TN）去除的贡献百分比显著提高， ${S O}_{4}^{2 -}$ 的实际产生值/理论值明显减小，这说明了所积累的 ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ 能够促进AnAOB与SOB之间的协同，提高了耦合系统TN的去除能力。在氮含量相同的情形下，存在 ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ 积累的环境能够使系统脱氮效率从80.3%±3.2%提高至88.1%±3.4%，Anammox对TN去除的贡献从81.7%±2.4%提高至92.5%±2.3%。上述过程的高通量测序结果显示，随着 ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ 浓度的增加，主要功能微生物（Thiobacillus、Candidatus kuenenia及Desulfurivibrio等）的相对丰度维持稳定或上升，水解菌（SM1A02、1013-28-CG33、SC-I-84等）的相对丰度也上升，而其他功能微生物的相对丰度下降，证明了存在 ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ 积累的水质环境能够优化耦合群落的结构和功能。典型相关性分析（CCA）表明， ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ 浓度与Ca. kuenenia的丰度（P=0.539）呈负相关，而与Thiobacillus的丰度（P=0.00533）呈正相关，所积累的 ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ 与Anammox、AuDen对总氮去除的贡献均为正相关关系（P=0.00767）。总体而言，所发现的 ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ 在Anammox+AuDen耦合反应体系中的浓度-诱导-适应机制，演绎了如下规律：环境决定了微生物种群的结构与功能，相反，微生物种群也会通过结构调整来适应及影响它们的环境。

关键词: 厌氧氨氧化, 自养反硝化, 亚硝酸盐, 协同, 微生物群落

Abstract:

To achieve the successful process regulation and steady operation, gradually increasing the ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ concentration with a proportion of ladder accumulation in the continuous flow reactor is of significance. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects and reaction mechanisms of ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ on the interactions between Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in an autotrophic denitrification (AuDen)-Anammox system, as well as the nitrogen removal performance and microbial community response on the coupled system. An anaerobic biological fluidized bed (AFBR) with an effective volume of 2.5 L was operated for 140 days and the statistical results indicated that, compared with the control group ( ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ =0), the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and the contribution of Anammox to total nitrogen (TN) removal both significantly improved with the increase in ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ concentrations, while the ratio of actual/theoretical of ${S O}_{4}^{2 -}$ markedly decreased. It can be concluded that ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ enhanced the synergy between AnAOB and SOB, thus improving the TN removal capacity of the coupled system. Under a constant TN content, the NRE improved from 80.3%±3.2% to 88.1%±3.4% and the contribution of Anammox to TN improved from 81.7%±2.4% to 92.5%±2.3% in the environment with accumulated ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ . The high throughput gene sequencing results of the above process showed that the relative abundance of major functional microorganisms, including Thiobacillus, Candidatus kuenenia and Desulfurivibrio, remained steady or increased with the increase in ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ concentrations. Furthermore, the relative abundance of hydrolytic bacteria, such as SM1A02, 1013-28-CG33, and SC-I-84, increased while the relative abundance of other functional microorganisms decreased. These indicated that the environment with accumulated ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ could optimize the structure and function of the coupled community. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed that the ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ concentration was negatively correlated with the abundance of Ca. kuenenia (P=0.539) while positively correlated with the abundance of Thiobacillus (P=0.00533). Moreover, the accumulated ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ was positively correlated with the TN removal (P=0.00767) in Anammox and AuDen process. Overall, the concentration-induction-adaption mechanism of ${N O}_{2}^{-}$ in the Anammox and AuDen coupled system demonstrated that the environment determines the structure and function of the microbial community; in turn, the microbial populations adapt to and influence the environment through structural adjustment.

Key words: anammox, autotrophic denitrification, nitrite, synergy, microbial community

中图分类号:

X703

梁燚彤, 李泽敏, 吴宇伦, 邱光磊, 吴海珍, 韦朝海. 亚硝酸盐对厌氧氨氧化耦合系统的脱氮效能及微生物群落的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(7): 1275-1284.

LIANG Yitong, LI Zemin, WU Yulun, QIU Guanglei, WU Haizhen, WEI Chaohai. Effects of Nitrite on Nitrogen Removal Efficiency and Microbial Community in Anammox-based Coupled System[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(7): 1275-1284.

图/表 8

图1 AFBR运行装置

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of AFBR

表1 AFBR在不同阶段的操作条件

Table 1 Operational conditions of the AFBR at different phases

阶段		时间/ d	进水氮质量浓度/(mg·L^-1)			进水氮比例		水力停留时间/ h	氮负荷率/ (kg kg·m^-3·d^-1)	FeS日投加量/ (g·d^-1)
阶段		时间/ d	${NH}_{4}^{+}$	${NO}_{3}^{-}$	${NO}_{2}^{-}$	${NO}_{3}^{-}$ / ${NH}_{4}^{+}$	${NO}_{2}^{-}$ / ${NH}_{4}^{+}$	水力停留时间/ h	氮负荷率/ (kg kg·m^-3·d^-1)	FeS日投加量/ (g·d^-1)
N₀		1-21	50	50	0	1.00	0	35	0.069	0.1
A	A₁	22-35	100	50	0	0.50	0	17	0.207	0.1
	A₂	36-50			50		0.50		0.276
	A₃	51-65			100		1.00		0.345
	A₄	66-80			150		1.50		0.414
B	B₁	81-95	100	100	0	1.00	0	24	0.209	0.2
	B₂	96-110			50		0.50		0.261
	B₃	111-125			100		1.00		0.313
	B₄	126-140			150		1.50		0.365

表1 AFBR在不同阶段的操作条件

Table 1 Operational conditions of the AFBR at different phases

阶段		时间/ d	进水氮质量浓度/(mg·L^-1)			进水氮比例		水力停留时间/ h	氮负荷率/ (kg kg·m^-3·d^-1)	FeS日投加量/ (g·d^-1)
阶段		时间/ d	${NH}_{4}^{+}$	${NO}_{3}^{-}$	${NO}_{2}^{-}$	${NO}_{3}^{-}$ / ${NH}_{4}^{+}$	${NO}_{2}^{-}$ / ${NH}_{4}^{+}$	水力停留时间/ h	氮负荷率/ (kg kg·m^-3·d^-1)	FeS日投加量/ (g·d^-1)
N₀		1-21	50	50	0	1.00	0	35	0.069	0.1
A	A₁	22-35	100	50	0	0.50	0	17	0.207	0.1
	A₂	36-50			50		0.50		0.276
	A₃	51-65			100		1.00		0.345
	A₄	66-80			150		1.50		0.414
B	B₁	81-95	100	100	0	1.00	0	24	0.209	0.2
	B₂	96-110			50		0.50		0.261
	B₃	111-125			100		1.00		0.313
	B₄	126-140			150		1.50		0.365

图2 厌氧流化床反应器（AFBR）的脱氮性能

Figure 2 Nitrogen removal performance of anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR)

图3 厌氧流化床反应器（AFBR）的硫、铁元素变化

Figure 3 Changes of sulfur and iron in anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR)

表2 不同阶段的菌群微生物多样性指数

Table 2 Richness and diversity of microbial communities in different phases

样品名称	序列	OUT 数目	Chao指数	ACE指数	Coverage指数	辛普森指数	香农指数
N0	43223	991	224	214	0.999	0.065	3.55
A1	41258	991	214	211	0.999	0.085	3.37
A2	38530	991	206	206	0.999	0.271	2.53
A3	40755	991	229	226	0.999	0.487	1.79
A4	38569	991	219	216	0.999	0.415	2.00
B1	37984	991	223	222	0.999	0.365	2.22
B2	39069	991	226	226	0.999	0.463	1.81
B3	38439	991	233	230	0.999	0.483	1.75
B4	38143	991	222	224	0.999	0.468	1.80

图4 门水平的微生物群落相对丰度

Figure 4 Relative abundance of microbial community at phylum level

图5 属水平上的功能微生物热图

Figure 5 Heatmap of functional microorganisms at genus level

图6 不同废水水质与脱氮理化性质和群落组成之间的典型相关性分析（CCA）

Figure 6 Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) between different wastewater quality and physicochemical properties and community composition of denitrification

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亚硝酸盐对厌氧氨氧化耦合系统的脱氮效能及微生物群落的影响

Effects of Nitrite on Nitrogen Removal Efficiency and Microbial Community in Anammox-based Coupled System

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